清代-民国时期东北民俗的中医养生观探析

本文主要探讨清代-民国时期东北民俗中的中医药文化内涵,通过民间艺术、饮食习俗、节日习俗等对人们健康的影响,探询其中的中医养生观念。

百年沧桑现神韵——《清代邮资明信片 1897-1911》组集简述

新世纪的头一届全国邮展帷幕已落下，我对自己的展品《清代邮资明信片1897-1911》头一回在国家级邮展中亮相，就以95分获得大金奖的成绩兴奋不已。不过，我心里非常清楚，“大金奖”只是对我这部邮集在过去所取得进步的肯定，奖牌也只是一种象征性的标志。任何一部邮集都没有最高界限，自己这部邮集也不例外，需要不断地进行更深的探索和研究，加以改进，争取更好的成绩。

《清代邮资明信片 1897-1911》邮集评述

3年前，当得知我省陆树笙先生拟组编一部清代明信片展品时，我是既高兴，又担心。因为单纯用清代明信片，要组编好一部符合邮展规则要求的邮政用品类展品集，既是十分有意义的，也是很难的。在中国大陆上，只有著名集邮家李世琦先生组编过以清代明信片为主体的邮政用品类邮集，他的《中国普通片封简(1897-1949)》在1993年中华全国邮展上曾获大金奖；

清代拉萨札什城兵营历史考略

文章立足于原始史料,结合实地考察,对清代拉萨札什城兵营的建造、规模、变迁及其遗迹等历史情况作了初步研讨。拉萨是藏族文化的中心,清代的汉藏文化交流十分密切,札什城兵营、札什城关帝庙,以及在此址上形成的扎基寺等历史遗留,不仅是汉藏文化交流的真实反映,而且也是清朝中央政府对西藏地方行使主权的历史见证。这种历史文物值得关注,这类问题也值得深入研究。

Structural Carpentry in Qing Dynasty-A Framework for the Hierarchically Modularized Chinese Timber Structural Design

This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.

清代京畿地区的土地典交易

清代京畿地区土地交易中的典,其内涵并不纯粹,而是跨越了从租佃到买卖这一地权交易体系的各个阶段,具有多样性表现。这种情况的出现既是当地民间对典与抵押两者认识模糊的产物,也是规避土地买卖纳税和旗民交产限制的结果。在旗地、旗租地交易的历程中,通过“典租”等形式的应用又使得典与租佃发生内在联系,二者相互浸透,互相包含。当地自发“构筑”的这套与典相关的,灵活处理土地财产的方式是民间日常与国家制度、成文法之间相互博弈时不断进行调试的结果。

清代疟疾流行的时空特征、危险模拟与边界探测

以清代流行的疟疾为研究对象,综合运用Excel时序刻画、GIS空间分析、MaxEnt生态位模拟、BounderSeer边界探测等方法进行研究,结果表明:1)清代有疟疾之年59个,疟疾频度为22.01%,为清代疫灾流行贡献了约2.69%的广度。2)疟疾在中国适生范围广,东南半壁为最佳适生范围;疟疾流行的危险等级高,总体上具有由东南向西北危险等级递减的分布格局;海拔高程、最低气温、气温年较差是影响疟疾流行的主要因素,贡献率分别为44.4%、16.3%和10.6%。3)清代疟疾流行呈现"二横三纵"的边界特征,第一横界40°N一线与第二横界南岭一线分别为疟疾北界和恶性疟疾(瘴病)北界;第一纵界是以霍山为中心,霍山-洪雅直线距离(约1 250 km)为半径的圆弧圈,界内包括96.67%的疟疾流行事件;第二纵界是疟疾高适生区边界线,界内包括中国东、中部省份;第三纵界是以疟疾主要边界网络为标准的围合区,涵盖长三角地区。

Protective effects of ACLF sera on metabolic functions and proliferation of hepatocytes co-cultured with bone marrow MSCs in vitro

AIM： To investigate whether the function of hepatocytes co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） could be maintained in serum from acute-on- chronic liver failure （ACLF） patients.METHODS： Hepatocyte supportive functions and cy- totoxicity of sera from 18 patients with viral hepatitis B-induced ACLF and 18 healthy volunteers were evalu- ated for porcine hepatocytes co-cultured with MSCs and hepatocyte mono-layered culture, respectively. Chemo- kine profile was also examined for the normal serum and liver failure serum.RESULTS： Hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） and Tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-a were re- markably elevated in response to ACLF while epidermal growth factor （EGF） and VEGF levels were significantly decreased. Liver failure serum samples induced a higher detachment rate, lower viability and decreased liver sup- port functions in the homo-hepatocyte culture. Hepato-cytes co-cultured with MSCs could tolerate the cytotoxic- ity of the serum from ACLF patients and had similar liver support functions compared with the hepatocytes cul- tured with healthy human serum in vitro. In addition, co- cultured hepatocytes maintained a proliferative capability despite of the insult from liver failure serum.CONCLUSION： ACLF serum does not impair the cell morphology, viability, proliferation and overall metabolic capacities of hepatocyte co-cultured with MSCs in vitro.

Secondary Metabolites of a Deep Sea Derived Fungus Aspergillus versicolor CXCTD-06-6a and Their Bioactivity

In order to obtain novel secondary metabolites, a deep sea inhabiting fungus Aspergillus versicolor CXCTD-06-6a was investigated. One new diketopiperazine brevianamide W(1a), as well as five known diketopiperazine alkaloids, diketopiperazine V(1b), brevianamide Q(2), brevianamide R(3), brevianamide K(4), and brevianamide E(5), were isolated from the Et OAc extract of the fermentation broth. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy techniques(NMR, MS). The six compounds exhibited moderate radical scavenging activity against DPPH with clearance ratio of 55.0%(1a and 1b), 53.7%(2), 46.2%(3), 61.4%(4) and 19.3%(5) at a concentration of 13.9 μmol L-1, respectively; while the positive control ascorbic acid showed a ratio of 70.3% at the concentration of 28.4 μmol L-1.

1~H NMR-based serum metabolic profiling in compensatedand decompensated cirrhosis

AIM: To study the metabolic profiling of serum samples from compensated and decompensated cirrhosis patients. METHODS: A pilot metabolic profiling study was conducted using three groups: compensated cirrhosis patients (n = 30), decompensated cirrhosis patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30). A 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics approach was used to obtain the serum metabolic profiles of the samples. The acquired data were processed by multivariate principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). RESULTS: The OPLS-DA model was capable of distinguishing between decompensated and compensated cirrhosis patients, with an R2Y of 0.784 and a Q2Y of 0.598. Twelve metabolites, such as pyruvate, phenylala-nine and succinate, were identified as the most influential factors for the difference between the two groups. The validation of the diagnosis prediction showed that the accuracy of the OPLS-DA model was 85% (17/20). CONCLUSION: 1H NMR spectra combined with pattern recognition analysis techniques offer a new way to diagnose compensated and decompensated cirrhosis in the future.

“科举家族”定义商榷

就张杰先生对"科举家族"的定义提出异议,认为定义中的"聚族而居"应改换成"族员间有较强的血缘认同感"为宜,即异地进士若能认族归宗,即使两人世居不同的省府县,亦视他们为同一家族族员,突破必须世代聚居一地方可视为同一家庭的定义局限。

《醒世姻缘传》与现代山东方言的“可不”类句式

文章分析、讨论以明清山东话为方言背景的《醒世姻缘传》及现代山东方言里的“可不”类句式问题。包括:1.“可不”类句式的类型和意义;2.“可不”类句式的形成或历史来源;3.现代山东方言的相关句式及其特殊变化。

Phytogenic Feed Additive for Sows： Effects on Sow Feed Intake, Serum Metabolite Concentrations, IgG Level, Lysozyme Activity and Milk Quality

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence ofa phytogenic feed additive （PFA） to late-gestation （d 90） and lactation sows on their reproduction performance. Sixty Large White × Landrace primiparous sows were divided into four groups （fifteen sows per group）. The control group was fed with basal diet, the others were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% PFA, respectively. Compared with the control, the sows in 0.04% PFA group had higher feed intake during lactation and higher litter weaning weight （P 〈 0.05）. At farrowing, glucose level in 0.04% PFA sows was higher than the control and sows in 0.02% PFA had the highest IgG content among the treatments （P 〈 0.05）. On day 7 of lactation, serum urea nitrogen contents were lower in response to PFA supplementation compared to the control （P 〈 0.05）. At the same time, sows fed the 0.06% PFA diet increased the lysozyme activity （P 〈 0.05）. The levels of milk lactose and IgG were increased in 0.02% and 0.04% PFA groups （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, feeding PFA improved sows and litter performance, serum metabolite concentrations, lgG level and lysozyme activity at postpartum and milk quality.

Notes on the Semantic Clash Caused by Individual Background, a Survey on Translation Materials in Qing Dynasty

Influenced by translator＇s individual background, semantic clash is inevitable during the process of code-switching from source language to target language. This re-correspondence in semantic level has been well-shown not only in the translation of literature works, but in those of dictionary and glossary translations as well. Semantic clash, generally, is based on two main factors, one is the inherent difference between languages lying in typology features, the other is the social and culture diversity factors lying in the translator＇s personal background. According to actual translation works, social and culture factors of individual background take the dominant position unconsciously over other features in the process of code-switching. The present paper, branches the latter factor into certain categories, by analyzing bilingual dictionaries and glossaries cases in the 18th century, Qing Dynasty, and indicates that the conceptual lagging, religion beliefs, living environment and political stand embedded in individual background will somehow result in semantic clash, which will lead the relevant research to pay more attention on cross-cultural literature translation.

Alternative Processing Technology for Converting Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats to Clean Fuels and Light Olefins

Since the production cost of biodiesel is now the main hurdle limiting their applicability in some areas, catalytic cracking reactions represent an alternative route to utilization of vegetable oils and animal fats. Hence, catalytic transformation of oils and fats was carried out in a laboratory-scale two-stage riser fluid catalytic cracking （TSRFCC） unit in this work. The results show that oils and fats can be used as FCC feed singly or co-feeding with vacuum gas oil （VGO）, which can give high yield （by mass）of liquefied petroleum gas （LPG）, C2-C4 oletms, tor example 45% LPG, 47% C2-C4 olefins, and 77.6% total liquid yield produced with palm oil cracking. Co-feeding with VGO gives a high yield of LPG （39.1%） and propylene （18.1%）. And oxygen element content is very low （about 0.5%） in liquid products, hence, oxygen is removed in the form of H2O, CO and CO2. At the same time, high concentration of aromatics （C7-C9 aromatics predominantly） in the gasoline fraction is obtained after TSRFCC reaction of palm oil, as a result of large amount of hydrogen-transfer, cyclization and aromatization reactions, Additionally, most of properties of produced gasoline and diesel oil fuel meet the requirements of national standards, containing little sulfur. So TSRFCC technology is thought to be an alternative processing technology leading to production of clean fuels and light olefins.

Serum levels of soluble Fas, nitric oxide and cytokines in acute decompensated cirrhotic patients

AIM： To evaluate plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate （NOx）, soluble Pas （spas） antigen, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in patients with compensated and acute decompensated cirrhosis and to evaluate mediators causing acute decompensation in liver cirrhosis, METHODS： This prospective study was conducted in the medical intensive care unit of an academic tertiary center, Fifty-five patients with acute decompensation （gastrointestinal hemorrhage, encephalopathy, hydropic decompensation） and twenty-five patients with compensated liver drrhosis were included, Blood samples were taken for analyses of spas, Nox, IL-6, TNF-α, Liver enzymes and kidney functions were also tested, RESULTS： In patients with acute decompensation, plasma spas levels were higher than in non-decompensated patients （15305 ± 4646 vs 12458± 4322 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）. This was also true for the subgroup of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis （P 〈 0.05）. The other mediators were not different and none of the parameters predicted survival, except for ALT （alanine-aminotransferase）. In patients with portal-hypertension-induced acute hemorrhage, NOx levels were significantly lower than in patients with other forms of decompensation （70.8 ± 48.3 vs 112.9 ± 74.9 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）. When NOx levels were normalized to creatinine levels, the difference disappeared. IL-6, TNF-α and spas were not different between bleeders and non-bleeders. In decompensated patients spas, IL-6 and NOx levels correlated positively with creatinine levels, while IL-6 levels were dependent on Child class. CONCLUSION： In acute decompensated cirrhotic patients sPas is increased, suggesting a role of apoptosis in this process and patients with acute bleeding have lower NOx levels, However, in this acute complex clinical situation, kidney function seems to have a predominant influence on mediator levels,

Correlation of serum leptin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

AIM: To determine serum leptin levels and investigate their correlations with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and their potential clinical implications.METHODS: Forty-two chronic HCV-infected patients without anti-viral treatment were enrolled in this study, 30 patients had chronic hepatitis C, 10 had cirrhosis, and 2 had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Serum leptin levels were determined by ELISA. The biochemical liver function and serum lipids were determined at the same time. The height and body weight of patients and controls were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and body fat were calculated simultaneously. The correlations of serum leptin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function were assessed statistically.RESULTS: The mean of serum leptin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C, HCV-associated cirrhosis, HCVassociated HCC and control groups was (6.13±3.94),(5.25±4.21), (4.17±0.28), and (3.59±3.44) ng/mL, respectively. The serum leptin level in patients with chronic hepatitis C was significantly higher than that in controls. The serum leptin levels between cirrhotic patients and controls and between male and female cirrhotic patients had no significant difference. Serum leptin levels were positively-correlated with body fat, BMI, and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in patients with chronic HCV infection. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were closelycorrelated with BMI in patients with chronic hepatitis C. CONCLUSION: HCV infection interferes with fat and lipid metabolism in patients with chronic HCV infection and leptin may play a role in hepatosteatosis.

Serum testosterone suppression and potential for agonistic stimulation during chronic treatment with monthly depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for metastatic prostate cancer

Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.

Effect of Ganduqing Granule on metabolic disorder and liver dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Objective:This study investigated the potential mechanisms of Ganduqing Granule(GDQG)in improving the liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods:Plasma samples from 30 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with CHB before and after the treatment with GDQG were measured for the alterations in liver function and metabolites,using the method of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Results:Patients with CHB developed severe liver dysfunction,which was associated with the higher plasma levels of 8 metabolites when compared with those of the normal control(P<0.05).Interestingly,after treatment with GDQG for 3 weeks,the 8 metabolites were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Among them,glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate,glycochenodeoxycholic acid-3-glucuronide,taurochenodeoxycholic acid,and 7b-hydroxy-3-oxo-5b-cholanoic acid were associated with the metabolism of bile acids,while 3b,16a-dihydroxyandrostenone sulfate,lysophosphatidylcholine(C18:3),and lysophosphatidylethanolamine(C22:1)were related to the metabolism of lipids.2,6-Diamino-4-hydroxy-5-N-methylformamidopyrimidine was related to hepatic oxidative stress.Meanwhile,liver damage in patients was greatly reduced.Conclusion:Treatment with GDQG has improved liver function of patients with CHB through the possible mechanism of adjusting the metabolic disorders related to lipids,bile acids,and oxidative stress.