Preliminary Study on Quality Analysis of Yao Medicine Pileostegia tomentella Hand.-Mazz.

[Objectives]To establish a method for quality analysis of Medicine Pileostegia tomentella Hand.-Mazz.[Methods]According to the testing method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition),the water content,total ash and alcohol-soluble extract of P.tomentella Hand.-Mazz.were determined.[Results]10 batches of P.tomentella Hand.-Mazz.from different habitats and in different collection time in Guangxi all had the same plant morphology and medicinal properties.The experimental results showed that the water content was 7.92%-10.35%,the total ash content was 5.53%-6.62%,the acid-insoluble ash content was 0.59%-0.76%,and the extract content was 11.63%-16.12%.[Conclusions]The identification method in this study can be used for the quality analysis of P.tomentella Hand.-Mazz.,and the experimental results can provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of P.tomentella Hand.-Mazz.and the establishment of its quality standard.

秀山金银花(Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz)的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分的测定

目的:检测"秀山金银花"的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分的量,为制定其质量检查标准提供试验数据.方法采用2005年版《中国药典》一部附录IXK的总灰分及酸不溶性灰分的测定方法.结果灰毡毛忍冬总灰分及酸不溶性灰分量分别在8%和3%以下,渝蕾1号的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分量分别在8%和2%以下.结论:秀山金银花的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分总灰分和酸不溶性灰分量均符合药典灰分不得超过10.0%.酸不溶性灰分,不得超过3.0%要求.

Determination of 10 Kinds of Inorganic Elements in Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.(and Polygerm Varieties)

[Objectives] To determine the content of 10 kinds of inorganic elements(Pb,Cu,As,Cd,Hg,Zn,Fe,Mn,Sr and Cr) in samples of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis( Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.( and polygerm varieties) produced in different areas. [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry( ICP-OES) were used. [Results] Under the experimental conditions,elements were not related to each other,and several kinds of elements could be measured at the same time. The content of Pb exceeding the standard only in sample S4 of P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis( and polygerm varieties),Hg was not detected in all samples,and the rest heavy metals did not exceed the limit. [Conclusions] This study was expected to provide a certain reference for the development and utilization of P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis( and polygerm varieties).

Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Aerial Parts of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz

Sixteen diterpenoid alkaloids(DAs),including six aconitine-type alkaloids(5 and 9−13),seven 7,17-seco-aconitine-type alkaloids(1−4,6−8),two napelline-type alkaloids(14 and 15)as well as one veatchine-type alkaloid(16),were isolated from the aerial parts of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.In which,flavumolines A−D(1−4)were four new ones,and flavu-moline E(5)was reported as natural compound for the first time.Their chemical structures were elucidated by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data.The inhibitory activities of these isolates on Cav3.1 low voltage-gated Ca^(2+)channel,NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7cells,five human tumor cell lines,as well as acetylcholinesterase(AChE)were tested.

Effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion,control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline,and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R,respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope,respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group,the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells,and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.

Identification of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.(Polygerm Varieties) Produced in Gaoligong Mountain Areas

[Objectives] To make original plant and microscopic identification and study the traits of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis( Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.( polygerm varieties) produced in Gaoligong Mountain areas,and provide experimental data for their identification and application. [Methods] The original plant powder was used,and paraffin sections and physicochemical properties were identified. [Results]P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis( polygerm varieties) produced in Gaoligong Mountain areas showed obvious microscopic features and physicochemical properties. [Conclusions] This study was expected to provide certain reference for identification of original plant and medicine and formulation of quality standard for P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis( polygerm varieties) produced in Gaoligong Mountain areas,and provided basis for their further research and development.

Breeding and Application Process of a New Variety‘Dianyinhua 3’in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.

‘Dianyinhua 3’is bred through the selection of a good single variant plant based on Hunan Lonicerae Flos variety‘Xianglei 1’as the basic material.The scions of the variant plant were grafted and propagated with wild Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.as rootstocks.This variety belongs to L.macaroides,which has the characteristics of early flowering,large and numerous buds,concentrated flowering and abundant yield.The content of chlorogenic acid is as high as 6%,and the content of luteolin is 0.017%.It matures from late May to early June in Yunnan.The buds are rod-shaped,slightly curved,4.6-5.8 cm long,with a diameter of 6.47 mm at the top and 2.68 mm at the bottom,and the petals have a thickness of 0.33 mm.The thousand-flower bud weight was 15.8-18.2 g,and the average yield of dried flowers per plant was 1360-1680 g in the peak period,and the yield was 4887 kg/hm^2.It is suitable for the introduction and trial planting in Xiangyang Mountainous Area or rocky desertification mountainous area in Yunnan,with an altitude lower than 2200 m or in areas with similar climates such as Sichuan,Guizhou and Guangxi.

外源硒对蒲公英生长、生理特性及其硒含量的影响

为研究叶面喷施外源硒对蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)生长和品质的影响,采用盆栽试验,分析叶面喷施不同浓度亚硒酸钠溶液(0、100、200、300、400μmol/L)对蒲公英生长、生理特性及其硒含量的影响。结果表明,随着喷施硒浓度的增大,蒲公英根长和鲜重等生长指标呈先升高后降低的趋势;与对照相比,施加200μmol/L亚硒酸钠可显著提高蒲公英光合作用速率和光化学反应效率,提高光合色素含量;施加200μmol/L亚硒酸钠时蒲公英叶片SOD和CAT活性最高,施加300μmol/L亚硒酸钠时POD活性最高(P<0.05)。施硒可有效提高蒲公英绿原酸、总黄酮和总多酚的含量,施加200μmol/L亚硒酸钠时总黄酮和总多酚的含量较对照分别提高49.73%、31.34%。施硒后蒲公英各部位硒含量显著提高,叶片和根系的硒含量随硒浓度的变化符合一元二次方程。蒲公英叶片对外源硒浓度的变化较敏感,是富硒的主要部位。研究认为,叶面喷施200μmol/L亚硒酸钠是培养富硒蒲公英的最佳浓度。

山银柴胡质量标准研究

目的:研究山银柴胡质量评价标准,建立指纹图谱分析方法。方法:参照2020年版中国药典的方法测定山银柴胡水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、醇溶性浸出物含量;采用HPLC法测定山银柴胡中成分含量;建立30批山银柴胡的指纹图谱,结合相似度评价、聚类分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)进行质量评价。结果:30批山银柴胡的水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、醇溶性浸出物、丝石竹皂苷元3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯、丝石竹皂苷元、皂皮酸含量的平均值分别为8.89%、12.67%、0.79%、34.53%、13.58 mg/g、1.62 mg/g、1.03 mg/g;指纹图谱确定了17个共有峰,样品与对照图谱的相似度为0.916~0.997,聚类分析可将样品分为3类,OPLS-DA分析筛选出7个质量差异性成分。结论:该研究建立的方法可为山银柴胡质量标准的完善提供参考。

蒲公英TmRAV1基因克隆及其响应脱落酸信号表达分析

根据脱落酸处理的蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)的转录组数据,在蒲公英中克隆获得1个编码RAV转录因子的基因序列,命名为TmRAV1。TmRAV1的开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1026 bp,编码342个氨基酸。TmRAV1的理论相对分子质量为38229,理论等电点为pI 9.20。TmRAV1为不稳定蛋白,具有亲水性,没有跨膜结构域和信号肽,含有44个磷酸化位点。氨基酸序列比对结果显示:TmRAV1与莴苣(Lactuca sativa Linn.)LsRAV1氨基酸序列的同源性最高(一致性为85.88%),具有高度保守的AP2和B3结构域。系统发育分析结果表明TmRAV1与其他5种植物的RAV转录因子聚在一起。TmRAV1在蒲公英叶中的相对表达量显著(P<0.05)高于根和花。TmRAV1受100μmol·L^(-1)脱落酸和250 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl的显著诱导。TmRAV1能够显著上调脱落酸敏感型转录因子基因TmAREB1的表达。TmRAV1是核定位转录因子,与脱落酸信号核心蛋白家族成员TmSnRK2.6互作。综上所述,蒲公英TmRAV1响应脱落酸等多种信号,其编码蛋白与TmSnRK2.6互作,并调控TmAREB1的表达。

丽江橐吾全草甲醇提取物的倍半萜类化学成分

综合利用多种色谱、波谱和质谱技术从菊科(Asteraceae)橐吾属(Ligularia Cass.)植物丽江橐吾(L.lidjiangensis Hand.-Mazz.)全草甲醇提取物的石油醚部分分离和鉴定出13个艾里莫芬烷型倍半萜,分别为ligularilactone A(1)、6β-hydroxy-8β-methoxyeremophil-7(11)-en-12,8α-olide(2)、8β-hydroxyeremophil-7(11)-ene-12,8α(4β,6α)-diolide(3)、8-oxo-eremophil-6-en-11-one(4)、eremophil-7(11),8(9)-dien-12,8(14β,6α)-diolide(5)、8β-methoxyeremophil-7(11)-ene-12,8α(4β,6α)-diolide(6)、6β-hydroxyl-7(11)-eremophilen-12,8α-olide(7)、eremophil-8(9)-,7(11)-dien-6α,15;8,12-diolide(8)、6β,8β-dihydroxyeremophi-7(11)-en-12,8α-olide(9)、eremophil-7(11)-ene-12,8α;14β,6α-diolide(10)、2-naphthaleneacetic acid,3,4,4α,5,6,7,8,8α-octahydro-α,8,8α-trimethyl-3-oxo-,methyl ester(11)、(1αR,3αR,7 S,7αR,7βS)-1α-acetyl-7,7α-dimethyloctahydronaphtho[1,2-β]oxiren-2(1αH)-one(12)和6β-hydroxy-8β-methoxyeremophil-7(11)-12,8α-olide(13)。其中,化合物1为新的艾里莫芬烷型倍半萜,化合物2至化合物13则均首次从丽江橐吾中分离得到。

极小种群野生植物狭叶坡垒种群结构与动态特征

【目的】研究极小种群野生植物狭叶坡垒[Hopea chinensis(Merr.) Hand.-Mazz.]的种群结构特征和数量动态特征,探讨种群发展潜力和濒危原因,为狭叶坡垒种质资源的保护和恢复提供参考依据。【方法】采用样地调查法对广西十万大山区域8个狭叶坡垒自然集中分布区进行调查,以空间代替时间分析狭叶坡垒种群结构特征,绘制种群静态生命表和存活曲线,分析种群动态指数及种群生存函数,对种群未来发展趋势进行预测。【结果】狭叶坡垒野生种群龄级结构呈倒J型,幼龄个体数占比较高,表现为增长型结构,种群个体幼龄期淘汰率较高;种群动态指数、随机干扰敏感指标和随机干扰风险概率分别为52.61%、4.38%和8.33%,对外界干扰敏感,环境对个体有较强的选择作用。狭叶坡垒野生种群存活曲线为DeeveyⅡ型的B1亚型,狭叶坡垒种群生存率在Ⅰ~Ⅵ龄级期间随龄级增加而减小,累积死亡率随龄级增加而增加,危险率在Ⅵ龄级达最高值,狭叶坡垒种群在Ⅵ龄级之后进入生理衰退期。时间序列分析表明,除Ⅻ龄级的个体数经过4个龄级时间后保持不变,经过4、6、8、10个龄级时间后,狭叶坡垒各龄级的个体数均呈增加趋势,其中Ⅳ~Ⅷ龄级逐渐成为种群的主体,狭叶坡垒种群总体呈增长状态。【结论】狭叶坡垒野生种群为增长型,种群处于波动变化状态中,对外界干扰敏感。幼苗数量充足,在生境不被破坏的前提下,具有较好的恢复潜力。但幼苗向幼树、幼树向小树转换过程中存在增补限制,制约狭叶坡垒种群发展。

大黄橐吾化学成分及其抗炎活性研究

目的研究大黄橐吾化学成分及其抗炎活性。方法大黄橐吾乙醇提取物采用高效液相色谱、凝胶柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。利用CCK-8法、Griess法测定化合物的体外抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为14-acetoxy-7β-senecioyloxy-1-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-notonipetranone(1)、rel-(1 R,3αS,5R,6S,7R,7αS)-1-[(1S)-1-(acetyloxy)ethyl]octahydro-6-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-4-methylidene-2-oxo-7-(propan-2-yl)-1H-inden-5-yl(2 E)-3-methylpent-2-enoate(2)、款冬酮(3)、petasipaline B(4)、8α-hydroxy-4(15),11-eudesmadiene(5)、羽扇烯酮(6)、羽扇豆醇(7)、(3β)-lup-20(29)-en-3-yl stearate(8)、松脂醇单葡萄糖苷(9)、isoeucommin A(10)、isoline(11)、尿苷(12)、三十四烷醇(13)、棕榈酸(14)、tridec-1-ene(15)、cis-octadec-9-enoic acid(16)、甲基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)。化合物1~6、9~11、14对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞生成NO有抑制活性。结论化合物3~6、8~10、12~17为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1~6、9~11、14具有抗炎活性。

黄蜡果植物鉴定、化学成分与药理作用研究进展

黄蜡果(Stauntonia brachyanthera Hand.-Mazz.)是木通科野木瓜属植物,在侗医药中具有多种药用价值,其全草均可入药。藤茎具有清热利尿、通经活络、镇痛排脓、通乳等作用,与木通功效相似,民间有将黄蜡果藤茎代替木通入药的用法。该植物主要从黄蜡果的果、花、叶和藤茎进行鉴定。经过查阅文献对黄蜡果的化学成分进行分类,主要含有三萜、黄酮、苯乙醇苷、苯丙素类等成分。目前对黄蜡果的药理活性主要集中在镇痛、抗炎、抗痛风、抗氧化、保肝、利尿等方面进行了研究。

牡荆水提物对蓖麻油腹泻小鼠的治疗作用研究

[目的]研究牡荆水提物对蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻的治疗作用,评价牡荆提取物的抗腹泻功效,为开发新型天然药物或植物提取物饲料添加剂提供理论依据。[方法]选取48只18~22 g SPF级昆明小鼠,随机分为6组:对照组、模型组、洛哌丁胺组及牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组,每组8只,雌雄各半。牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠灌胃16、8、4 g/kg BW牡荆水提物,对照组和模型组小鼠灌胃等剂量的生理盐水,洛哌丁胺组小鼠灌胃5 mg/kg BW洛哌丁胺,连续灌胃5 d。第5天给药后0.5 h,模型组、洛哌丁胺组及牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠灌胃0.5 mL蓖麻油灌胃造模,对照组灌胃等量生理盐水。造模后的小鼠单笼单只饲喂。连续4 h观察小鼠腹泻情况,4 h后小鼠采血并断颈处死,每组随机取4只小鼠的肝脏、小肠各两份,一份制作组织切片;另一份用以提取RNA,检测空肠通道蛋白和肝脏急性期蛋白mRNA表达情况。[结果]模型组小鼠腹泻评分和腹泻指数均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),说明蓖麻油腹泻模型造模成功。与模型组相比,洛哌丁胺组和牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠腹泻评分和腹泻指数均极显著或显著降低(P<0.01;P<0.05);牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-10含量均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01)。肝脏组织病理结果显示,牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠肝索结构清晰,肝细胞排列紧密,仅少量肝细胞轻度肿胀,并伴少量炎性细胞浸润。肠道组织病理结果显示,牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠空肠黏膜层、肌层、浆膜层均清晰可见,黏膜层绒毛上皮内见大量空泡,但均未见明显坏死或炎症反应。与模型组相比,牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠空肠中NHE8、NHE3、AQP3、AQP4表达量均无显著差异(P>0.05),NHE2表达量显著降低(P<0.05),急性期蛋白TRF和CRP表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。[结论]牡荆水提物对蓖麻油导致的小鼠腹泻模型具有较好的治疗作用,对肝脏和小肠黏膜具有一定的保护作用,作用机制可能与其降低血清中IL-6、IL-10含量,以及在一定程度上降低NHE2表达、抑制TRF和CRP的表达有关。

云南重楼果皮中1个新的C_(21)甾体皂苷

目的:研究云南重楼果皮中的甾体皂苷类成分。方法:采用HPD-100大孔吸附树脂柱、正相硅胶柱、ODS柱、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱和半制备型高效液相色谱等方法对云南重楼果皮70%乙醇渗漉提取物中的甾体皂苷类成分进行系统研究,通过现代波谱学技术结合参考文献对化合物结构进行鉴定。结果:从云南重楼果皮中分离得到8个甾体皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为:17α-hydroperoxide pregn-5-en-20-one-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)、重楼皂苷Ⅳ(2)、ypsilandroside L(3)、重楼皂苷Ⅲ(4)、pregna-5,16-dien-3β-ol-20-one-3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、pregna-5,16-dien-3β-ol-20-one-3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(6)、pregna-5,16-dien-3β-ol-20-one-3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(7)、aethioside A(8)。结论:其中,化合物1为一个新的C_(21)甾体皂苷类化合物,化合物3、5、6、8为首次从重楼属植物中分离得到。

藏药矮丛风毛菊中多糖提取工艺研究

为确定矮丛风毛菊中多糖提取和醇沉的最优工艺参数,以矮丛风毛菊中多糖得率为响应值,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,单因素实验确定提取因素水平,正交设计方法优选最佳提取工艺[1]。最佳提取工艺为:提取所用液料比w(H_(2)O)∶w(矮丛风毛菊)为20∶1,提取次数为3次,提取时间为3 h;最佳醇沉工艺为:体积分数为80%的乙醇,试样浓缩液与乙醇体积比1∶6,醇沉静置时间15 min;最佳检测波长为490 nm。测得样品的平均多糖得率为8.87%。相对标准偏差(RSD)<2%,优选出的提取和醇沉工艺参数稳定可靠,该法准确、重复性好,为矮丛风毛菊开发利用提供了参考数据。

云南蓍地上部分化学成分分离与结构鉴定

针对药用植物云南蓍的化学成分进行分离与结构鉴定,采用正相硅胶、反相硅胶(Rp-C18)、葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)、MCI以及RP-HPLC色谱等几种分离手段,对该药用植物地上部分的90%乙醇提取浸膏进行分离纯化,依据现代波谱方法(核磁共振NMR、质谱MS)以及理化性质对分离得到的单体化合物的结构进行确定。最终从该植物中分离并鉴定了9个单体化合物,结构分别为matricarin(1)、3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydro-costunolide(2)、黑麦草内酯(3)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮(4)、2-苯基乙酰胺(5)、sylvamide(6)、5-羟甲基呋喃甲醛(7)、6-甲氧基-7-羟基香豆素(8)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(9)。这些化合物中,化合物1~8为首次从该植物中分离得到。

胡椒属三种民族药的生药学鉴别研究

目的:对胡椒属植物石南藤Piper wallichi(Miq.)Hand.-Mazz.、毛蒟P.puberulum(Benth.)Maxim.、山蒟P.hancei Maxim.进行生药学对比研究,建立鉴别三者主要特征的方法。方法:基于原植物基原鉴定、药材性状鉴定、不同器官显微组织鉴定,比较三者异同点,采用薄层色谱法鉴别三者。结果:三者显微特征较为相似。石南藤的叶片形状为椭圆形,毛蒟及山蒟叶片均为卵状披针形;石南藤枝被疏毛,毛蒟幼枝及叶片被短柔毛,而山蒟无毛。石南藤茎显微横切中髓部所占比例最小,仅为60%,而毛蒟和山蒟占比达到80%~90%。建立的薄层色谱鉴别方法能鉴别石南藤、毛蒟及山蒟。结论:可根据叶片形状、茎枝是否被毛、茎显微中髓部所占比例、薄层色谱鉴别区分石南藤、毛蒟及山蒟。该研究为三者的鉴别、质量控制及资源开发利用奠定了基础。

3种药用植物利用石蜡切片和冰冻切片制片的效果比较研究

目的:优选出不同状态(新鲜、干燥)及不同药用部位的不同药用植物(滇重楼、密脉鹅掌柴、铁皮石斛)最适宜的制片方法,提高横切面组织装片制备效率。方法:采用不同防冰晶形成保护剂(不处理、蔗糖和甘油)处理新鲜材料并进行冰冻切片,采用甘油软化干燥材料并进行石蜡切片,比较不同前处理条件和两种制片方法的制片效果。结果:新鲜材料中,密脉鹅掌柴的茎叶,滇重楼的根茎、茎、叶采用甘油溶液做保护剂效果较佳,而铁皮石斛适用蔗糖磷酸缓冲溶液做保护剂;滇重楼的须根用石蜡切片法可获得组织结构完整的装片。此外,经甘油溶液软化,滇重楼的干燥根茎和密脉鹅掌柴的干燥叶可获得质量较好的石蜡切片。结论:质地稍硬的新鲜药材用甘油溶液处理后采用冰冻切片可以获取较为理想的效果;质地柔软的新鲜药材可不经任何处理或经蔗糖磷酸缓冲液浸泡后采用冰冻切片;干燥药材或含淀粉类药材采用石蜡切片法可获得理想的切片效果。