Swine-origin influenza-virus-induced acute lung injury:Novel or classical pathogenesis?

Influenza viruses are common respiratory pathogens in humans and can cause serious infection that leads to the development of pneumonia.Due to their hostrange diversity,genetic and antigenic diversity,and potential to reassort genetically in vivo,influenza A viruses are continual sources of novel influenza strains that lead to the emergence of periodic epidemics and outbreaks in humans.Thus,newly emerging viral diseases are always major threats to public health.In March 2009,a novel influenza virus suddenly emerged and caused a worldwide pandemic.The novel pandemic influenza virus was genetically and antigenically distinct from previous seasonal human influenza A/H1N1 viruses;it was identified to have originated from pigs,and further genetic analysis revealed it as a subtype of A/H1N1,thus later called a swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1.Since the novel virus emerged,epidemiological surveys and research on experimental animal models have been conducted,and characteristics of the novel influenza virus have been determined but the exact mechanisms of pulmonary pathogenesis remain to be elucidated.In this editorial,we summa-rize and discuss the recent pandemic caused by the novel swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1 with a focus on the mechanism of pathogenesis to obtain an insight into potential therapeutic strategies.

Impact of country-of-origin image of Guizhou province on brand trust of green agricultural products

Brand building of agricultural products is the key for agricultural enterprises to gain competitive advantage and occupy the market. Guizhou province is rich in green agricultural products resources and has superior natural resources, but it is at a disadvantage in the market competition. The constraint factor is that the brand is not enough to obtain consumer trust. In order to provide countermeasures and suggestions for Guizhou provincial government and agricultural enterprises to shape green agricultural products brand, this paper explores the influence path of country-of-origin image of Guizhou province on brand trust of green agricultural products. Therefore, based on the theory of Country-of-origin effects this study conducts an empirical research. Taking the country-of-origin image, including natural conditions,technological conditions, brand supervision norms, technology input, government marketing promotion and government policies as antecedent variables, and green agricultural brand trust, including brand competence trust and brand quality trust as dependent variables, the structural equation model was constructed. Through data collection and empirical analysis by using structural equation model, this study found that natural conditions have a positive impact on brand competence trust, and technical conditions have a positive impact on brand quality trust. The brand supervision norms, technology input, government marketing promotion and government policy will all promote consumers to have a positive impact on brand trust in green agricultural products.

Cellulase in Anoplophora glabripennis adults fed on original host tree species and non-original host trees

Cellulase activities of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motsch.） adults from two host plants （Populus simonii x p pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu. and Salix matsudana Koidz） fed on three different host tree species （Acer negundo Linn., S. matsudana Koidz and P simonii x P pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu.） were investigated. Enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in the intestines of the insects were measured. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase between male and female insects from the two host plants fed on three host trees, neither inβ-glucosidase. No statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase were found between males and females from the two plants fed on three host tree species, except that the endoglucanase activity in males from the opera poplar fed on Hankow willow is lower than that fed on ash-leaf maple and opera poplar.

Reconsideration on English Teaching Based on Teacher-Origin

Unidirectional English Teaching based on Teacher origin is still the main way in our country at the present.Because of the humanistic process of English teaching reformation,man factor has become the important one in the English teaching re search and in recent years for Student-centre English teaching calls for higher and higher,the teacher’s role and position in teaching has been backward to the second importance.But in teaching,the flow of knowledge is not reciprocal,both teachers and students have equal personalities.Taking teaching contents,teaching structure and the language application into consider ation,we may take a new look at the English teaching and reform it in order to improve the teaching mode based on teacher-ori gin and improve the students’learning effect as well.

Anatomical variation of infra-pyloric artery origination： A prospective multicenter observational study (IPA-Origin)

Objective： Infra-pyloric artery （IPA） is an important anatomical landmark in treatment of gastric cancer and is the key vessel for pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and subgroup of infra-pyloric lymph nodes. However, its anatomical variation is not thoroughly understood. Our study aimed to clarify the origination of the IPA. Methods： We did this prospective, multicenter, open-label, observational study at gastric surgery departments of 34 hospitals in China. Gastric cancer patients aged 18 years or older and scheduled to undergo elective total or distal gastrectomy were assigned. During the surgery, IPA dissecting and exposing the origination point with photographs or video clips were required. The primary outcome was the origination of the IPA. Analysis of variance, χ2 tests and Fisher＇s tests were used to analyze the differences between groups. The study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov （No. NCT03071237）. Results： Between May 8 and July 31, 2017, 429 patients were assigned for the study, and 419 （97.7%） patients had the IPA dissected and recorded through photograph or video and were included in the primary outcome analysis. The median age was 62 years old, and 73.7% were male. Among the patients, 78.5% received laparoscopic surgery. Single IPA origination was identified in 398 （95.0%） patients, including gastroduodenal artery （GDA） in 154 （36.8%） patients, anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery （ASPDA） in 130 （31.0%） patients, and right gastroepiploic artery （RGEA） in 114 （27.2%） patients. Fifteen （3.6%） patients were identified with multiple IPA and 6 （1.4%） patients were identified as IPA absence. The differences in the distribution of surgical approach （P=0.003） and geographic area （P=0.030） were statistically significant. No difference was shown in sex, age, gastrectomy type, tumor location, and clinical T, N and M stage. Conclusions： Our study found that the IPA originates from GDA, ASPDA and RGEA in similar proportions. Laparoscopic surgery may be more helpful in dissection of the IPA than open surgery.

Investigation on the Regional Branding Mode of Modern Agriculture in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone——From the Perspective of Country-of-origin Image

The theory of the country-of-origin image is discussed and the natural relations between county-of-origin image and the regional brand are explored.The paper points out that the dispersion of agriculture has intensified the natural relations to a large extent.The paper probes into the branding status of agriculture in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone and points out the problems of it.In the first place,the agricultural industrial system is complete but there is no unified agricultural regional brand;in the second place,the weak awareness on protecting brand leads to the irrational behaviors on damaging brand.From the perspective of the image of the country of origin,the branding mode of agriculture is established and the countermeasures on improving the competitiveness of agricultural products are put forward.Firstly,the leading role of the government should be fully displayed;secondly,the image protection of original production place and regional brand promotion of the agricultural region should be intensified;thirdly,the functions of local pillar industries in protecting image and regional branding should be fully made use of.

论人工智能生成内容的可版权性:以用户的独创性表达为视角

AIGC既包含来自机器的选择,也包含来自人类用户的选择。当后者满足独创性表达要求时,AIGC便足以被认定为作品。在判断用户的独创性表达时,裁判者应当关心人贡献了什么,而不是工具贡献了什么;应当关心人贡献了什么,而不是人没有贡献什么;应当关心人贡献的实质,而非纠结于其形式。在以上原则的指导下,既有的作品构成要件规则足以支持相当一部分AIGC获得作品资格。AIGC的所谓“随机性”,只是发生在用户指定范围内的“随机”,并不妨碍用户控制达到著作权法的要求。作为文本的提示词,具有转化为包括视觉表达在内的其他类型表达的可能性。若以摄影为参照系,AI与传统工具的比较不仅不能导致对作品资格的否定,反而能够凸显“工具贡献大并不意味着人的贡献不足”。著作权法的“宽进宽出”结构提示我们,将用户做出独创性表达的AIGC纳入著作权法图式是在认知层面最为经济的利益平衡分析框架。考虑到独立创作例外和版权救济手段的灵活性,承认AIGC获得作品资格的可能性并不会过度妨碍公众自由。

不同产地的白花菜籽氨基酸组成及其营养价值分析

为探究不同产地的白花菜籽氨基酸组成及营养价值,采用邻苯二甲醛-9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(OPA-FMOC)柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法,检测河南、河北、湖北、安徽4地区白花菜籽中的氨基酸组成和含量。结果显示,不同产地的白花菜籽中均含有18种氨基酸,其中湖北地区的总氨基酸(TAA)含量最高,为24.16 g/100 g。湖北地区的白花菜中必需氨基酸(EAA)和药性氨基酸(MAA)含量均最高;不同产地的白花菜籽中必需氨基酸含量(EAA)与总氨基酸(TAA)含量之比均超过35%,药效氨基酸(MAA)与总氨基酸(TAA)的含量之比均超过60%。对比氨基酸比值系数(RC)可知,蛋氨酸(+半胱氨酸)为白花菜籽的第一限制性氨基酸。白花菜籽的氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)为66.06。本研究可为白花菜籽及其蛋白资源的进一步开发利用提供参考。

我院贝伐珠单抗生物类似药与原研药相关不良反应回顾性分析

目的分析某院贝伐珠单抗生物类似药与原研药相关药物不良反应(ADR)的发生情况,为临床合理用药提供数据支持。方法对江苏省肿瘤医院2022年1-12月上报的贝伐珠单抗生物类似药和原研药相关ADR报告进行回顾性分析。结果我院使用贝伐珠单抗的患者共6818人次,上报ADR报告136份,贝伐珠单抗生物类似药的ADR发生率显著高于原研药(2.18%vs.0.71%,P=0.004)。ADR报告中,治疗方案以贝伐珠单抗与其他肿瘤治疗药物的联合治疗方案为主(129人次);痊愈和好转的患者有118人次;一般ADR报告108份,严重ADR报告28份;ADR主要累及系统/器官以心血管系统为主,贝伐珠单抗生物类似药与原研药引起的高血压/血压升高、白细胞/血小板降低、腹泻和发热发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论贝伐珠单抗生物类似药的相关ADR发生率明显高于原研药,但ADR临床表现无明显差异,临床医生可以根据患者及其家属意愿选择使用。

中国式现代化探索中顶层设计与实践探索之间关系的历史渊源与原创性贡献

推进中国式现代化是一个系统工程,需要正确处理一系列重大关系,顶层设计与实践探索就是其中的一对重大关系。人类现代化在处理这对关系上积累了一系列有益经验,原发现代化倚重自下而上的实践探索,而苏联计划经济推动的现代化则片面地倚重政府的顶层设计。中国式现代化汲取了这两种现代化的经验和教训,正确处理了顶层设计与实践探索的关系,中国式现代化的顶层设计以实践探索为基础,而实践探索又是以顶层设计为指导的实践探索。因此,推进中国式现代化必须进一步正确处理顶层设计与实践探索的关系。

泸州地区五峰组——龙马溪组页岩气成藏特征

为寻找四川盆地泸州地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气有利区,在开展流体包裹体检测、页岩微观孔隙观测、气泡变孔模拟等研究基础上,查明了泸州地区构造埋藏过程和生烃热演化过程,总结了泸州地区页岩气成藏特征和成藏规律。研究结果表明:泸州地区五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质页岩厚度大,在二叠纪—早三叠世生油,经历了中三叠世和燕山运动期—喜马拉雅运动期2次构造抬升,中三叠世抬升幅度有限,未导致大规模烃散失,燕山运动期—喜马拉雅运动期构造抬升晚于川东南且幅度小,利于页岩气保存;泸州地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩有机孔发育,是由于中三叠世隆升时间短,强度小,未发生大规模排烃,大量液态烃保留在储集层中,有利于后期有机孔的大量形成,同时在晚三叠世—中白垩世,地层深埋发生液态烃裂解产气,地层广泛超压,有利于有机孔的后期保存;泸州地区三叠纪隆升虽然时间短、强度小,但是从模拟实验结果来看,可以导致原油稠化和气孔形成,对页岩气富集成藏有利。因此,发生在印支运动期的泸州地区的隆升造成原油稠化,有利于页岩气富集成藏;泸州地区地层抬升时间晚,页岩气散失时间短,低角度层理缝发育,而纵向裂缝少,均有利于形成超压页岩气富集区。提出的泸州地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩富集成藏规律,对于指导其他同类型油气勘探具有借鉴意义。

中国式体育现代化的理念源流、关键势能和适配路径

体育作为中国式现代化建设的重要组成部分,是社会发展和人类进步的重要标志,是国家综合国力的重要体现。在中国式现代化进程中,实现体育的现代化既是加快建设体育强国的内在要求,也是推进中华民族伟大复兴的强大动力。该研究立足于中国式体育现代化的理念源流,深挖推动中国式体育现代化发展的关键势能,进而提出适配于中国式体育现代化道路的发展路径,以助力社会主义现代化体育强国建设。研究认为,中国式体育现代化的理念源流从体育政治化的兴国理念向体育社会化的大国理念、再向体育人民性的强国理念嬗变;关键势能可分为政策势能、人才势能、场地势能、创新势能、金融势能、文化势能和健康势能;适配路径包括以增强民生福祉为中心的体育发展路径、以完善治理体系为核心的体育保障路径、以绿色生态和谐为要义的体育共生路径以及以产业消费双升级为主的体育供需路径。

基础学科对教育强国的战略支撑及其实现路径

加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科是教育强国建设的重中之重。学科是系统性的知识体系,也是大学的基层组织基础,是大学实施人才培养与科研活动的基本单元。基础学科作为以基础科学知识为研究内容的学科类别,是开展基础研究并产生原始创新成果的重要土壤,通过培养高水平创新人才和科研创新等途径对建设教育强国发挥战略支撑作用。实现基础学科对教育强国的战略支撑,需要聚焦国家战略需求,加强高校有组织基础研究能力建设;鼓励学科交叉融合,强化基础学科跨域协同创新能力建设;提升学科管理效能,持续深化对基础学科建设规律的认识;加大资源投入,确保基础学科发展的政策支持和制度保障。

从天地会出发的哥老会——民国时期哥老会起源的文献解读

民国时期哥老会研究的重要论著大概可以划分为两种,第一种是索隐派,就是从传说和神话故事后面去寻找隐藏的历史;第二种是史料派,也就是从档案乃至其他文献中间去寻找蛛丝马迹。其实两者都指向了同一个方向,即洪门早期的这些传说和神话并不是完全没有历史资料可以佐证。实际上利用民国时期的亲历者和研究者所提供的资料和研究,从哥老会的革命叙事、民族主义叙事、会党成员的自我形象塑造、哥老会叙事的索引派和史料派等若干方面,可以进一步地理解哥老会的起源问题。这些故事的讲述,证明了在哥老会的故事中,有着大量霍布斯鲍姆概念中的“传统的发明”,但是历史显然成为他们身份认同和维系紧密关系的纽带。就这样,他们讲述的故事有多少依据固然重要,但是他们为什么要那样讲述自己的历史,却更是需要我们去认真探索的问题。

习近平文化思想的科学内涵、价值意蕴与原创性贡献

确立习近平文化思想是推动实现中华民族伟大复兴的现实需要,也是正确应对国际领域复杂意识形态斗争的迫切需求。习近平文化思想深化了对文化本质和文化自信自强的认识,深化了对文化发展道路的认识,深化了对新时代文化使命的认识,深化了意识形态工作与党和国家中心工作之间关系的认识,深化了对意识形态阵地管理的认识。习近平文化思想回答了新时代我国文化建设举什么旗、走什么路、坚持什么原则、实现什么目标等根本问题,涵盖文化建设的方向、目标、道路、原则等重要方面,是相对完整的思想体系。要正确理解“两个结合”、特别是“第二个结合”,高度重视意识形态安全,在学思用贯通、知信行合一中把学习贯彻习近平文化思想引向深入。

基于手机信令数据的城市居民动态OD矩阵提取方法

现有的城市居民出行调查周期较长,交通小区划分粒度粗糙,导致调查不能及时准确地获取居民出行信息。针对该问题,提出了一种基于手机信令数据的城市居民动态OD矩阵提取方法。首先,针对信令数据中的两种复杂噪声:乒乓切换和漂移数据,提出了基于窗口阈值的检测与等效位置替换方法,以及复杂漂移点的检测和标记处理方法;然后,提出一种改进的ST-DBSCAN聚类方法,引入一种等时化方法将时间信息与空间信息相结合,识别出行过程中的驻留点;最后,基于地理信息系统构建含有道路关键节点的路网,将居民出行OD与路网节点相匹配,有效推导出城市居民动态OD矩阵。实验结果表明:与ST-DBSCAN算法相比,所提改进的ST-DBSCAN算法在聚类效果和识别速度上分别提升了6.10%和5.26%;与统计方法和二阶统计量方法相比,基于改进的ST-DBSCAN算法的动态OD矩阵提取方法在均方误差(MSE)上分别降低了16.98%和21.55%。以北京市为例,运用提出的动态OD矩阵提取方法,能够及时有效地分析城市居民日常与高峰时段的出行特征。

人工智能生成内容的著作权客体性思考——兼论作品判定的独创性标准选择

以基于转换器的生成式预训练模型(GPT)为代表的高阶人工智能凭借其强大的智能型内容生成机制,使得内容产品生产中的技术占比不断上升,人的直接投入占比相对下降,传统著作权法作品的独创性要求、权利人本原则等基本理论受到冲击。面对人工智能生成内容(AIGC)可作品性问题,基于自然人智力投入的创造性本质理论和闭合性作品概念显得力不从心。在过程视角下(主观标准),人工智能内容生成过程符合人类创作的思维特征;在结果视角下(客观标准),人工智能生成内容具有著作权作品的外观形式和信息消费功能,符合著作权作品的本质属性。如果人为割裂人工智能生成内容与著作权作品在产生过程和实质作用上的同质关系,强行区分人工智能生成内容和自然人创作作品的法律性质,则有悖著作权法因应技术发展调整信息消费品利益的制度旨趣,最终将导致著作权法律秩序的混乱。

要素禀赋改善、产业结构优化与特殊类型地区共同富裕

特殊类型地区是推进高质量发展的重点区域,建构“以要素禀赋改善为支撑,产业结构转型升级为引擎,协同驱动区域共同富裕”的逻辑框架,计量分析要素禀赋和产业结构耦合协调度,实证检验三者之间互动关联并探讨其理论蕴含,有益于加快构建支持特殊类型地区振兴发展的政策体系和长效机制。结果表明,产业结构调整在要素禀赋影响特殊类型地区振兴发展的过程中发挥中介作用;实现要素禀赋与产业结构的耦合协调可以更好推进区域共同富裕,二者耦合协调程度在要素禀赋促进区域共同富裕过程中发挥门槛效应;要素禀赋及其与产业结构耦合协调度发挥正向作用时,其滞后一期变量对促进区域共同富裕具有阻滞作用。据此针对要素品质提升、产业结构高阶演进以及政府与市场作用协同发挥等领域给出相关建议,力争推动特殊类型地区在要素禀赋改善与产业结构优化良性互动中实现高质量发展。

著作权法上独创性概念的澄清与重释

由于个性、创造性、智力劳动等概念比较抽象,一部作品是否具有独创性通常取决于预设的私人立场。这种判定模式会不合理地损害著作权保护的预期。从我国的作品定义看,独创性是一部作品区别于其他作品的内在尺度。独创性既表明了特定作品的特有属性,又表达了与其相关的权益归属。这一内涵与著作权法的内外价值一致。依此逻辑,独创性是指作品的相对差异,并暗示作品进入市场的机会与作品价值的二分。按照相对差异标准,作者享有依照著作权法提出保护的应然权利。

伟大建党精神的逻辑、内涵与路径探究

党的精神之源即伟大建党精神,和中国共产党相伴相生,以信念信仰、宗旨目标、斗争精神、政治立场四个内涵建构内在机理,以历史、文化、理论、实践四个维度反映发展逻辑,以精神形态的方式构筑了党的精神谱系。新时代弘扬伟大建党精神既要突出内涵聚焦又要凸显外延拓展。内涵聚焦就是要从伟大建党精神内在逻辑和核心内容出发,在实践中挖掘其精神伟力;外延拓展就是要把弘扬伟大建党精神的路径与拓展民族精神内涵、勠力于“四个伟大”的奋斗实践结合起来,以党的精神为引领,为民族复兴、国家振兴和党的自我完善和发展提供永不枯竭的精神动力。