Microwave-assisted synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, as a function of Green Chemistry, non Green Chemistry, and four applicator types are reported. The applicator types are Domestic microwave ovens, commerci...Microwave-assisted synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, as a function of Green Chemistry, non Green Chemistry, and four applicator types are reported. The applicator types are Domestic microwave ovens, commercial temperature controlled microwave chemistry ovens (TCMC), digesters, and axial field helical antennae. For each of these microwave applicators the process energy budget where estimated (Watts multiplied by process time = kJ) and energy density (applied energy divided by suspension volume = kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>) range between 180 ± 176.8 kJ, and 79.5 ± 79 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The axial field helical field an-tenna applicator is found to be the most energy efficient (0.253 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per kJ, at 36 W). Followed by microwave ovens (4.47 ± 3.9 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup> per 76.83 ± 39 kJ), and TCMC ovens (2.86 ± 2.3 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 343 ± 321.5 kJ). The digester applicators have the least energy efficiency (36.2 ± 50.7 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 1010 ± 620 kJ). A comparison with reconstructed ‘non-thermal’ microwave oven inactivation microorganism experiments yields a power-law signature of n = 0.846 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.7923) four orders of magnitude. The paper provides a discussion on the Au and Ag nanoparticle chemistry and bio-chemistry synthesis aspects of the microwave applicator energy datasets and variation within each dataset. The visual and analytical approach within the energy phase-space projection enables a nanoparticle synthesis route to be systematically characterized, and where changes to the synthesis are to be mapped and compared directly with historical datasets. In order to help identify lower cost nanoparticle synthesis, in addition to potentially reduce synthesis energy to routes informed changes to potentially reduce synthesis energy budget, along with nanoparticle morphology and yield.展开更多
Prestack reverse time migration （RTM） is an accurate imaging method ofsubsurface media. The viscoacoustic prestack RTM is of practical significance because itconsiders the viscosity of the subsurface media. One of t...Prestack reverse time migration （RTM） is an accurate imaging method ofsubsurface media. The viscoacoustic prestack RTM is of practical significance because itconsiders the viscosity of the subsurface media. One of the steps of RTM is solving thewave equation and extrapolating the wave field forward and backward; therefore, solvingaccurately and efficiently the wave equation affects the imaging results and the efficiencyof RTM. In this study, we use the optimal time-space domain dispersion high-order finite-difference （FD） method to solve the viscoacoustic wave equation. Dispersion analysis andnumerical simulations show that the optimal time-space domain FD method is more accurateand suppresses the numerical dispersion. We use hybrid absorbing boundary conditions tohandle the boundary reflection. We also use source-normalized cross-correlation imagingconditions for migration and apply Laplace filtering to remove the low-frequency noise.Numerical modeling suggests that the viscoacoustic wave equation RTM has higher imagingresolution than the acoustic wave equation RTM when the viscosity of the subsurface isconsidered. In addition, for the wave field extrapolation, we use the adaptive variable-lengthFD operator to calculate the spatial derivatives and improve the computational efficiencywithout compromising the accuracy of the numerical solution.展开更多
A primordial field theory of Quantum Gravity resolves a number of century-old paradoxes associated with general relativity and quantum mechanics. It allows re-interpretation of major experiments such as Michelson-Gale...A primordial field theory of Quantum Gravity resolves a number of century-old paradoxes associated with general relativity and quantum mechanics. It allows re-interpretation of major experiments such as Michelson-Gale (1925) and Q-bounce (1999). I address herein an unexplained anomalous experiment by Martin Tajmar (2006), in terms of a gravitomagnetic-based Meissner effect.展开更多
Several theorems on closed (resp. open) covering properties of H-spaces are obtained which improve and generalize the corresponding results of Sperner, Klee, Alexandroff-Pasynkoff, Berge, Ghouila-Houri, Danzer-Grunbau...Several theorems on closed (resp. open) covering properties of H-spaces are obtained which improve and generalize the corresponding results of Sperner, Klee, Alexandroff-Pasynkoff, Berge, Ghouila-Houri, Danzer-Grunbaum-Klee, Ky Fan, Shih-Tan, Horvath and Lassonde. As application an almost fixed point theorem for lower semi-continuous map in l.c.-spaces and a generalization of Tychonoffs fixed point theorem are proved in l.c.-spaces which improve those results of Ky Fan and Horvath.展开更多
The paper studies the propagation of Love waves in a non-homogeneous substratum over an initially stressed heterogeneous half-space. The dispersion equation of phase velocity is derived. The velocities of Love waves a...The paper studies the propagation of Love waves in a non-homogeneous substratum over an initially stressed heterogeneous half-space. The dispersion equation of phase velocity is derived. The velocities of Love waves are calculated numerically as a function of kH and presented in a number of graphs, where k is the wave number, and H is the thickness of the layer. The case of Gibson＇s half-space is also considered. It is observed that the speed of Love waves is finite in the vicinity of the surface of the half-space and vanishes as the depth increases for a particular wave number. It is also observed that an increase in compressive initial stresses causes decreases of Love waves velocity for the same frequency, and the tensile initial stress of small magnitude in the half-space causes increase of the velocity.展开更多
Let E and F be Banach lattices. It is known that if every continuous linear operator from E into F is regular, then, under some mild assumptions on E or F, either E is lattice isomorphic to an AL-space or F is lattice...Let E and F be Banach lattices. It is known that if every continuous linear operator from E into F is regular, then, under some mild assumptions on E or F, either E is lattice isomorphic to an AL-space or F is lattice isomorphic to an AM-space. Here we present a characterization on an AL-space E such that every bounded linear operator from E into a Banach lattice is regular. A counterexample is also provided, which shows that the results are unexpected even if the domain is an AL-space or the range space is an AM-space.展开更多
文摘Microwave-assisted synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, as a function of Green Chemistry, non Green Chemistry, and four applicator types are reported. The applicator types are Domestic microwave ovens, commercial temperature controlled microwave chemistry ovens (TCMC), digesters, and axial field helical antennae. For each of these microwave applicators the process energy budget where estimated (Watts multiplied by process time = kJ) and energy density (applied energy divided by suspension volume = kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>) range between 180 ± 176.8 kJ, and 79.5 ± 79 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The axial field helical field an-tenna applicator is found to be the most energy efficient (0.253 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per kJ, at 36 W). Followed by microwave ovens (4.47 ± 3.9 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup> per 76.83 ± 39 kJ), and TCMC ovens (2.86 ± 2.3 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 343 ± 321.5 kJ). The digester applicators have the least energy efficiency (36.2 ± 50.7 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 1010 ± 620 kJ). A comparison with reconstructed ‘non-thermal’ microwave oven inactivation microorganism experiments yields a power-law signature of n = 0.846 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.7923) four orders of magnitude. The paper provides a discussion on the Au and Ag nanoparticle chemistry and bio-chemistry synthesis aspects of the microwave applicator energy datasets and variation within each dataset. The visual and analytical approach within the energy phase-space projection enables a nanoparticle synthesis route to be systematically characterized, and where changes to the synthesis are to be mapped and compared directly with historical datasets. In order to help identify lower cost nanoparticle synthesis, in addition to potentially reduce synthesis energy to routes informed changes to potentially reduce synthesis energy budget, along with nanoparticle morphology and yield.
基金This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China （No. 41074100） and the Program for NewCentury Excellent Talents in the University of the Ministry of Education of China （No. NCET- 10-0812）.
文摘Prestack reverse time migration （RTM） is an accurate imaging method ofsubsurface media. The viscoacoustic prestack RTM is of practical significance because itconsiders the viscosity of the subsurface media. One of the steps of RTM is solving thewave equation and extrapolating the wave field forward and backward; therefore, solvingaccurately and efficiently the wave equation affects the imaging results and the efficiencyof RTM. In this study, we use the optimal time-space domain dispersion high-order finite-difference （FD） method to solve the viscoacoustic wave equation. Dispersion analysis andnumerical simulations show that the optimal time-space domain FD method is more accurateand suppresses the numerical dispersion. We use hybrid absorbing boundary conditions tohandle the boundary reflection. We also use source-normalized cross-correlation imagingconditions for migration and apply Laplace filtering to remove the low-frequency noise.Numerical modeling suggests that the viscoacoustic wave equation RTM has higher imagingresolution than the acoustic wave equation RTM when the viscosity of the subsurface isconsidered. In addition, for the wave field extrapolation, we use the adaptive variable-lengthFD operator to calculate the spatial derivatives and improve the computational efficiencywithout compromising the accuracy of the numerical solution.
文摘A primordial field theory of Quantum Gravity resolves a number of century-old paradoxes associated with general relativity and quantum mechanics. It allows re-interpretation of major experiments such as Michelson-Gale (1925) and Q-bounce (1999). I address herein an unexplained anomalous experiment by Martin Tajmar (2006), in terms of a gravitomagnetic-based Meissner effect.
基金This project partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThis work was partially supported by NSERC of Canada under grant A-8096
文摘Several theorems on closed (resp. open) covering properties of H-spaces are obtained which improve and generalize the corresponding results of Sperner, Klee, Alexandroff-Pasynkoff, Berge, Ghouila-Houri, Danzer-Grunbaum-Klee, Ky Fan, Shih-Tan, Horvath and Lassonde. As application an almost fixed point theorem for lower semi-continuous map in l.c.-spaces and a generalization of Tychonoffs fixed point theorem are proved in l.c.-spaces which improve those results of Ky Fan and Horvath.
文摘The paper studies the propagation of Love waves in a non-homogeneous substratum over an initially stressed heterogeneous half-space. The dispersion equation of phase velocity is derived. The velocities of Love waves are calculated numerically as a function of kH and presented in a number of graphs, where k is the wave number, and H is the thickness of the layer. The case of Gibson＇s half-space is also considered. It is observed that the speed of Love waves is finite in the vicinity of the surface of the half-space and vanishes as the depth increases for a particular wave number. It is also observed that an increase in compressive initial stresses causes decreases of Love waves velocity for the same frequency, and the tensile initial stress of small magnitude in the half-space causes increase of the velocity.
文摘Let E and F be Banach lattices. It is known that if every continuous linear operator from E into F is regular, then, under some mild assumptions on E or F, either E is lattice isomorphic to an AL-space or F is lattice isomorphic to an AM-space. Here we present a characterization on an AL-space E such that every bounded linear operator from E into a Banach lattice is regular. A counterexample is also provided, which shows that the results are unexpected even if the domain is an AL-space or the range space is an AM-space.
