Monoclonal antibody technique was employed to detect the conformational difference of CaM induced by metal ions. A trivalent europium ion induced conformation-specific anti-calmodulin monoclonal antibody was successf...Monoclonal antibody technique was employed to detect the conformational difference of CaM induced by metal ions. A trivalent europium ion induced conformation-specific anti-calmodulin monoclonal antibody was successfully prepared with europium-saturated calmodulin as antigen.展开更多
The C3 halophyte Suaeda salsa was used to investigate the roles of Ca^2＋, Ca^2＋ channels, and calmodulin （CAM） in betacyanin metabolism. Seeds of S. salsa were cultured in both the dark and light for 3 days. The f...The C3 halophyte Suaeda salsa was used to investigate the roles of Ca^2＋, Ca^2＋ channels, and calmodulin （CAM） in betacyanin metabolism. Seeds of S. salsa were cultured in both the dark and light for 3 days. The fresh weight and betacyanin content were much higher in S. salsa seedlings formed in the dark than in seedlings formed in the light. The addition of Ca^2＋ to the half-strength MS nutrient solution promoted betacyanin accumulation in the dark, whereas Ca^2＋ depletion by EGTA suppressed the dark-induced betacyanin accumulation in shoots of S. salsa. The Ca^2＋ channel blocker LaCl3 also inhibited dark-induced betacyanin accumulation. The highest activity of CaM and the maximum betacyanin content decreased by 51% and 45%, respectively, in shoots of S. salsa seedlings treated with the potent CaM antagonist chlorpromazine in the dark. Furthermore, the other CaM antagonist N-（6-aminohexyl）-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfonamide （W-7） also inhibited the activity of CaM and dark-dependent betacyanin accumulation, whereas its less active structural analog N-（6-aminohexyl）- 1-naphthalenesulfonamide （W-5） had little effect on the responses to dark of S. salsa seedlings. These results suggest that Ca^2＋, Ca^2＋-regulated ion channels, and CaM play an important role in dark-induced betacyanin accumulation in the shoots of the C3 halophyte S. salsa.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Program of China （grant no. 2003CB 114302 to M Jiang）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （grant no. 30571122 to M Jiang）, and the Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation talent Project of Jiangsu Province （grant no. BK2007575 to A Zhang）.
文摘用药理学和生物化学的途径，在过氧化氢( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ))之间的发信号的小径，钙( Ca (2+)) -calmodulin (凸轮)，并且氮的氧化物(没有)在 abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物)，导致的抗氧化剂防卫在玉米( Zea mays L.)的叶子被调查植物。有骆驼毛的织物， H (2 ) O (2 ) ，和 CaCl (2 ) 的处理在产生导致了增加不，在玉米叶肉房间和氮的氧化物的活动，在 cytosolic 和玉米的 microsomal 部分的 synthase (NOS ) 离开。然而，如此的增加被预告的处理与 Ca (2+) 禁止者和凸轮对手堵住。同时， Ca (2+)导致了的有也压制的二个 NOS 禁止者的预告的处理在另一方面在号码的生产增加，有骆驼毛的织物和 NO 施主钠 nitroprusside ( SNP )的处理也在叶肉房间的原物并且在 calmodulin 的表示在 cytosolic Ca (2+)的集中导致了增加 1 ( CaM1 )基因和在玉米的叶子的凸轮的内容种，并且骆驼毛的织物导致的增加被预告的处理减少与一没有 scavenger 和一个 NOS 禁止者。而且，抗氧化剂基因的表示的 导致SNP 的增加超级氧化物 dismutase 4 ( SOD4 )， cytosolic ascorbate 过氧化物酶(帽子 X )，并且谷胱甘肽 reductase 1 ( GR1 )并且 chloroplastic 和 cytosolic 抗氧化剂酶的活动被预告的处理与 Ca (2+)禁止者和凸轮对手逮捕。我们的结果建议那个 Ca (2+) 凸轮没有生产在上游、下游的功能，主要来自 NOS，导致骆驼毛的织物并且 H (2 ) O (2 ) 在玉米植物的叶子导致了抗氧化剂防卫。
基金This work is financially supported by the NNSF (No.29890280).
文摘Monoclonal antibody technique was employed to detect the conformational difference of CaM induced by metal ions. A trivalent europium ion induced conformation-specific anti-calmodulin monoclonal antibody was successfully prepared with europium-saturated calmodulin as antigen.
基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(SRFDP,20050445003)Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Z2004D03)Science Foundation of Shandong University of Technology.
文摘The C3 halophyte Suaeda salsa was used to investigate the roles of Ca^2＋, Ca^2＋ channels, and calmodulin （CAM） in betacyanin metabolism. Seeds of S. salsa were cultured in both the dark and light for 3 days. The fresh weight and betacyanin content were much higher in S. salsa seedlings formed in the dark than in seedlings formed in the light. The addition of Ca^2＋ to the half-strength MS nutrient solution promoted betacyanin accumulation in the dark, whereas Ca^2＋ depletion by EGTA suppressed the dark-induced betacyanin accumulation in shoots of S. salsa. The Ca^2＋ channel blocker LaCl3 also inhibited dark-induced betacyanin accumulation. The highest activity of CaM and the maximum betacyanin content decreased by 51% and 45%, respectively, in shoots of S. salsa seedlings treated with the potent CaM antagonist chlorpromazine in the dark. Furthermore, the other CaM antagonist N-（6-aminohexyl）-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfonamide （W-7） also inhibited the activity of CaM and dark-dependent betacyanin accumulation, whereas its less active structural analog N-（6-aminohexyl）- 1-naphthalenesulfonamide （W-5） had little effect on the responses to dark of S. salsa seedlings. These results suggest that Ca^2＋, Ca^2＋-regulated ion channels, and CaM play an important role in dark-induced betacyanin accumulation in the shoots of the C3 halophyte S. salsa.
