目的探讨(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究。方法回顾性选取我院2020年1月—2022年6月住院的120例艾滋病患者为研究对象。依据实验室结果,将...目的探讨(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究。方法回顾性选取我院2020年1月—2022年6月住院的120例艾滋病患者为研究对象。依据实验室结果,将其分为马尔尼菲篮状菌感染确诊组(血或组织液培育养出马尔尼菲篮状菌),简称A组(62例),及马尔尼菲篮状菌感染临床诊断组[根据临床症状、体征、血常规及(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标诊断],简称B组(58例)。检测患者(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(receiver-operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评估上述指标联合检测对艾滋病患者感染马尔尼菲篮状菌的诊断效能。结果A组的(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖和PCT水平均高于B组,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞个数低于B组(P<0.05);(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC为0.933,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖单独检测的AUC是0.812,PCT单独检测的AUC为0.883,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞单独检测的AUC是0.810,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC皆优于三项单独检测,表明(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的诊断价值皆优于单一指标诊断,且联合检测的特异度、约登指数分别为92.43%和0.580,均高于三项单独检测。结论(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标对艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常高的临床诊断价值,能够帮助医生分析出高危风险患者,及时制定治疗方案,同时也承担预后效果的判断依据,对治疗艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常重要的研究价值。展开更多
This article looks for the necessary conditions to use Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) fusion for a large power plant. At the moment, for nearly all the projects (JET, ITER…) only the Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fuel is consid...This article looks for the necessary conditions to use Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) fusion for a large power plant. At the moment, for nearly all the projects (JET, ITER…) only the Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fuel is considered for a power plant. However, as shown in this article, even if a D-D reactor would be necessarily much bigger than a D-T reactor due to the much weaker fusion reactivity of the D-D fusion compared to the D-T fusion, a D-D reactor size would remain under an acceptable size. Indeed, a D-D power plant would be necessarily large and powerful, i.e. the net electric power would be equal to a minimum of 1.2 GWe and preferably above 10 GWe. A D-D reactor would be less complex than a D-T reactor as it is not necessary to obtain Tritium from the reactor itself. It is proposed the same type of reactor yet proposed by the author in a previous article, i.e. a Stellarator “racetrack” magnetic loop. The working of this reactor is continuous. It is reminded that the Deuterium is relatively abundant on the sea water, and so it constitutes an almost inexhaustible source of energy. Thanks to secondary fusions (D-T and D-He3) which both occur at an appreciable level above 100 keV, plasma can stabilize around such high equilibrium energy (i.e. between 100 and 150 keV). The mechanical gain (Q) of such reactor increases with the internal pipe radius, up to 4.5 m. A radius of 4.5 m permits a mechanical gain (Q) of about 17 which thanks to a modern thermo-dynamical conversion would lead to convert about 21% of the thermal power issued from the D-D reactor in a net electric power of 20 GWe. The goal of the article is to create a physical model of the D-D reactor so as to estimate this one without the need of a simulator and finally to estimate the dimensions, power and yield of such D-D reactor for different net electrical powers. The difficulties of the modeling of such reactor are listed in this article and would certainly be applicable to a future D-He3 reactor, if any.展开更多
芒是麦类作物穂部器官的重要组成部分,在提高籽粒产量、促进种子传播和防御虫害等方面具有重要作用。大麦具有丰富的芒型突变体,加之其二倍体的特性,成为麦类作物芒器官形态建成研究的理想作物。本研究报道了一个大麦芒型突变体材料calc...芒是麦类作物穂部器官的重要组成部分,在提高籽粒产量、促进种子传播和防御虫害等方面具有重要作用。大麦具有丰富的芒型突变体,加之其二倍体的特性,成为麦类作物芒器官形态建成研究的理想作物。本研究报道了一个大麦芒型突变体材料calcaroides,表现为外稃顶端或是稃芒基部异形凸起,形成呈钩状不完全花器结构,属基部钩芒类型。突变体芒较短并伴随抽穗期推迟,株高、穗长和穗粒数显著降低等表型。遗传分析表明,突变体的芒型突变性状受单隐性基因cal-d控制。前期利用cal-d导入系BW106×Bowman的F_(2)群体,结合简化基因组测序(GBS,genotyping by sequencing)分析,将cal-d基因初步定位于3H染色体。进一步利用来自F_(2)的杂合单株,包括13000株单株的F_(2:3)群体进行精细定位,最终将cal-d基因定位于3H染色体153~329 Mb区间的近着丝粒区域。通过转录组混池测序分析结合大麦基因组和表达谱资源数据库,初步筛选了9个候选基因。本研究结果为大麦芒型突变基因cal-d的克隆与功能验证奠定了基础,对于解析麦类作物芒的遗传发育机制具有重要的意义。展开更多
文摘目的探讨(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究。方法回顾性选取我院2020年1月—2022年6月住院的120例艾滋病患者为研究对象。依据实验室结果,将其分为马尔尼菲篮状菌感染确诊组(血或组织液培育养出马尔尼菲篮状菌),简称A组(62例),及马尔尼菲篮状菌感染临床诊断组[根据临床症状、体征、血常规及(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标诊断],简称B组(58例)。检测患者(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(receiver-operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评估上述指标联合检测对艾滋病患者感染马尔尼菲篮状菌的诊断效能。结果A组的(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖和PCT水平均高于B组,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞个数低于B组(P<0.05);(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC为0.933,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖单独检测的AUC是0.812,PCT单独检测的AUC为0.883,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞单独检测的AUC是0.810,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC皆优于三项单独检测,表明(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的诊断价值皆优于单一指标诊断,且联合检测的特异度、约登指数分别为92.43%和0.580,均高于三项单独检测。结论(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标对艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常高的临床诊断价值,能够帮助医生分析出高危风险患者,及时制定治疗方案,同时也承担预后效果的判断依据,对治疗艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常重要的研究价值。
文摘This article looks for the necessary conditions to use Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) fusion for a large power plant. At the moment, for nearly all the projects (JET, ITER…) only the Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fuel is considered for a power plant. However, as shown in this article, even if a D-D reactor would be necessarily much bigger than a D-T reactor due to the much weaker fusion reactivity of the D-D fusion compared to the D-T fusion, a D-D reactor size would remain under an acceptable size. Indeed, a D-D power plant would be necessarily large and powerful, i.e. the net electric power would be equal to a minimum of 1.2 GWe and preferably above 10 GWe. A D-D reactor would be less complex than a D-T reactor as it is not necessary to obtain Tritium from the reactor itself. It is proposed the same type of reactor yet proposed by the author in a previous article, i.e. a Stellarator “racetrack” magnetic loop. The working of this reactor is continuous. It is reminded that the Deuterium is relatively abundant on the sea water, and so it constitutes an almost inexhaustible source of energy. Thanks to secondary fusions (D-T and D-He3) which both occur at an appreciable level above 100 keV, plasma can stabilize around such high equilibrium energy (i.e. between 100 and 150 keV). The mechanical gain (Q) of such reactor increases with the internal pipe radius, up to 4.5 m. A radius of 4.5 m permits a mechanical gain (Q) of about 17 which thanks to a modern thermo-dynamical conversion would lead to convert about 21% of the thermal power issued from the D-D reactor in a net electric power of 20 GWe. The goal of the article is to create a physical model of the D-D reactor so as to estimate this one without the need of a simulator and finally to estimate the dimensions, power and yield of such D-D reactor for different net electrical powers. The difficulties of the modeling of such reactor are listed in this article and would certainly be applicable to a future D-He3 reactor, if any.
文摘芒是麦类作物穂部器官的重要组成部分,在提高籽粒产量、促进种子传播和防御虫害等方面具有重要作用。大麦具有丰富的芒型突变体,加之其二倍体的特性,成为麦类作物芒器官形态建成研究的理想作物。本研究报道了一个大麦芒型突变体材料calcaroides,表现为外稃顶端或是稃芒基部异形凸起,形成呈钩状不完全花器结构,属基部钩芒类型。突变体芒较短并伴随抽穗期推迟,株高、穗长和穗粒数显著降低等表型。遗传分析表明,突变体的芒型突变性状受单隐性基因cal-d控制。前期利用cal-d导入系BW106×Bowman的F_(2)群体,结合简化基因组测序(GBS,genotyping by sequencing)分析,将cal-d基因初步定位于3H染色体。进一步利用来自F_(2)的杂合单株,包括13000株单株的F_(2:3)群体进行精细定位,最终将cal-d基因定位于3H染色体153~329 Mb区间的近着丝粒区域。通过转录组混池测序分析结合大麦基因组和表达谱资源数据库,初步筛选了9个候选基因。本研究结果为大麦芒型突变基因cal-d的克隆与功能验证奠定了基础,对于解析麦类作物芒的遗传发育机制具有重要的意义。
