基于Preker-Harding模型的国外公立医院自主化实践特点及启示

面对公立医院存在的效率低下等问题,改革治理结构赋予医院更多的财务和管理自主权是各国普遍采取的手段之一。随着要求高质、高效健康服务的呼声日渐强烈,公立医院自主化改革应运而生。通过文献研究法对公立医院自主化的有关理论和内涵进行梳理,基于Preker-Harding模型归纳、总结国外公立医院自主化实践的主要特点,分析当前国外公立医院自主化实践的成效和影响,并就转变政府角色、建立现代医院管理制度、加强利益相关者各方问责、提高组织准备度等方面对我国公立医院的治理提出参考建议。

基于Preker-Harding模型的北京市属公立医院法人治理分析

目的综合分析与评估北京朝阳医院和北京友谊医院2家试点医院的法人治理改革情况。方法利用调研信息并采用Preker-Harding模型,从决策权、剩余索取权、市场进入程度、问责机制、社会功能等5个方面进行分析。结果北京市2家试点医院市场化改革处于由自主化向法人化组织过渡阶段。结论法人治理改革在改善医院内部决策机制方面取得一定进步,在组织结构要素的相互匹配与协调方面还需要进一步完善。

利用Preker-Harding模型分析上海市公立医院治理模式

通过关键知情者访谈,利用Preker-Harding模型,从决策权、剩余价值索取权、市场风险、问责机制和社会功能,对上海市公立医院的3种治理模式进行了评价。结果显示,上海市公立医院基本属于自主化类型医院,但市场风险过大,为此需要增加公立医院经营自主权,调整公立医院剩余索取权和问责机制,平衡公立医院自主经营权和外部监管权。

基于Preker-Harding模型的大型公共体育场馆事业单位体制改革模式评价

采用典型案例调查法、专家访谈法,借鉴Preker-Harding模型理论对我国大型公共体育场馆事业单位管理体制改革模式进行评价。结果显示,我国事业单位场馆管理体制改革模式可总结为体制内部改革模式、事业单位企业化管理改革模式、企事业并轨改革模式、BCO改革模式、"事转企"改革模式、事业单位委托管理模式6种。结合Preker-Harding模型设计了评价的8个纬度。分析认为,体制内部改革模式、事业单位企业化管理改革模式属于事业单位自主化运营模式,企事业并轨改革模式、BCO改革模式属于管理机构法人化模式,"事转企"改革模式属于企业法人模式,事业单位委托管理模式属于委托法人化模式。4种模式在政府作为所有者和监管者方面的职能不同,未来我国事业场馆改革目标和思路是分类改革,改革方向的近期目标是采用事业单位企业化管理模式,中期发展目标是借鉴BCO管理改革模式,长期发展目标是完善委托管理模式。

粮库PWSN部署中NP-Hard问题的研究

以无线传感器网络在粮库中的应用为例,将传感器节点部署中出现未覆盖区域问题归属为NP-Hard问题.结合近似算法、Bidding协议、Voronoi diagrams等方法,对粮库PWSN部署中的NP-Hard问题进行了较深入的研究,对解决粮库无线传感器网络的覆盖问题提出了新思路.

DVE场景精简的NP-Hard问题及其近似算法

高效的网格精简算法对于大规模DVE场景的实时绘制与传输均十分重要。目前已经提出了大量关于网格精简方法,但绝大多数网格优化算法都是面向实际应用的。我们却从计算机科学理论的角度出发,对这一经典问题重新进行了深入研究。首先,我们发现网格精简是一个最优顶点覆盖问题,即NP-Hard问题。然后,我们又提出了一种基于贪心算法的用于网格精简的最优顶点覆盖问题的近似算法。理论推导与实验数据都说明本文所给出的近似算法有效地减少了DVE场景的网格数量,能进一步提高DVE场景数据的网络传输速度。

Effect of Rare Earth on Diamond-Tungsten Carbide Super-Hard Composites

A study was undertaken to decrease the sintering temperature and to increase the thermal stability of diamond by adding rare earth elements. The critical factor in the activated sintering is the content of rare earth element. The results show that adding 0.3% rare earth to the powders makes the composites obtain the properties needed.

Residual Stresses and Micro-Hardness Testing in Evaluating the Heat Affected Zone’s Width of Ferritic Ductile Iron Arc Welds

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) in Ductile Irons (DI) is often required by foundries for practical manufacturing reasons. The mechanical properties of the welded structures are strongly dependent on their HAZ’s width. A model based on the behaviour of the ferritic matrix of high-Si DIs in order to make an approach in measuring their HAZ’s width is developed in this study. A series of thermal treatments on 3.35 and 3.75 wt% Si as-cast DIs and spot SMAWs is applied on these materials. The applied SMAWs are done on non-preheated and preheated samples (150℃ - 300℃). For welding we modify the amperage (100 - 140A). The micro-hardness Vickers changes in the ferrite of the as-cast samples and inside the HAZ of the welded ones can be attributed to the existence of residual stresses (RS) in the ferritic matrix and assist in estimating the HAZ’s width.

Design and Manufacturing of Ultra-Hard Micro-Milling Tool

Based on the study of existing typical micro-milling tools and the actual demand for micro-milling tools, the P3 design principle and design flow for ultra-hard micro-milling tool were introduced to give basic guidance for the optimization of micro-milling tools. Then, according to the P3 design flow, the manufacturing process of polycrystalline diamond(PCD) micro-milling tool was proposed, and the PCD micro-milling tool with diameter of 0.5 mm was developed. Finally, the micro-milling test on the slot was carried out to study the milling performance of PCD micromilling tool.

Microstructure and micro-hardness of the Inconel 718 superalloy coating prepared by cold gas dynamic spraying

Inconel 718 superalloy coating was prepared on a martensitic steel substrate by cold gas dynamic spraying （ CGDS ）. Microstructure and micro-hardness of the coating were characterized by means of scanning electronic microscope （SEM） ,energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）, and micro-hardness and nano-indentation tests. The results have indicated that the coating＇ s thickness can reach more than 300 um, and there exists a good interfacial cohesion between the coating and the substrate. The quantity and size of the defects at the bottom, middle and top areas increase gradually. There is no significant change to the original microstructure of the Inconel 718 superalloy particle after the process of CGDS ;and an obvious torsional deformation on the particle＇ s profile is produced while little deformation at the center part occurs. The micro-hardness of the coating at the bottom, middle and top areas decreases in turn. Compared with the bottom area, the micro-hardness of the middle and top areas decreases by about 10% and 21%, respectively. The nano-hardness of the coating is much lower than the original particle,which decreases by about 13.5% at the bottom area and 28% at the top area,respectively. The distribution of micro-defects is an important factor to the micro-hardness of the coating.

Corrosion effect on the flexural strength &micro-hardness of ips e-max ceramics

Objectives: The effect of ceramics construction (press- able, machinable) and corrosion on flexural strength and micro-hardness was studied. Materials & Methods: Two types of ceramics were tested: IPS e-max Press and IPS e-max CAD. Forty samples were constructed and divided into 2 groups according to the type of ceramics. Each group was then subdivided into 2 subgroups. Subgroups 1 were not subjected to corrosion while subgroups 2 were subjected to corro-sion test. Finally each subgroup was divided into 2 classes according to the type of test: biaxial flexural strength, micro-hardness. Results: There was a sig-nificant difference between the two tested ceramics as regard weight loss as IPS e-max CAD recorded less weight loss than IPS e-max Press. As regard the flex-ural strength, IPS e-max CAD recorded significant higher strength than IPS e-max Press. Corroded sam- ples recorded significant lower flexural strength than non-corroded samples for the two tested ceramics. As regard the Vickers micro-hardness test, the results showed significant difference between the two tested ceramics. IPS e-max CAD recorded higher mi-cro-hardness values than IPS e-max Press. The results also showed that the corroded samples recorded no significant micro-hardness values than non- corroded samples for the two tested ceramics. Conclusions: IPS e-max CAD recorded less weight loss weight loss after being subjected to corrosion test than IPS e-max Press. The method of fabrication affected the flexural strength &micro-hardness of ceramic as machinable ceramic (e-max CAD) recorded significant higher data than pressable ceramic (e-mas Press). Corrosion decreased the flexural strength of both tested ceramics but had no effect on micro- hardness.

Microstructural Features and Properties of High-hardness and Heat-resistant Dispersion Strengthened Copper by Reaction Milling

The oxide dispersion strengthened copper alloys are attractive due to their excellent combination of thermal and electrical conductivities,high-temperature strength and microstructure stability.To date,the state-of-art to fabrication of them was the internal oxidation （IO） process.In this paper,alumina dispersion strengthened copper （ADSC） powders of nominal composition of Cu-2.5 vol%Al2O3 were produced by reaction milling （RM） process which was an in-situ gas-solid reaction process.The bulk ADSC alloys for electrical and mechanical properties investigation were obtained by sintering and thereafter hot extrusion.After the hot consolidation processes,the fully densified powder compacts can be obtained.The single γ-Al2O3 phase and profile broaden effects are evident in accordance with the results of X-ray diffraction （XRD）;the HRB hardness of the ADSC can be as high as 95;the outcomes should be attributed to the pinning effect of nano γ-Al2O3 on dislocations and grain boundaries in the copper matrix.The electrical conductivity of the ADSC alloy is 55%IACS （International Annealing Copper Standard）.The room temperature hardness of the hot consolidated material was approximately maintained after annealing for 1 h at 900 ℃ in hydrogen atmosphere.In terms of the above merits,the RM process to fabricating ADSC alloys is a promising method to improve heat resistance,hardness,electrical conductivity and wear resistance properties etc.

H-HARDTOP矿粉超硬耐磨混凝土地坪施工

山东某机械工业物流仓储加工中心采用独立钢筋混凝土基础，主体为钢结构。建筑面积15600m2，钢构柱网尺寸24m×6m，厂房地面地坪200mm厚C25细石混凝土。由于地面水平运输采用铲车、装载机，空中水平及垂直运输采用行车，设计荷载较大，对地面的抗冲击强度、抗振动、耐磨损、无尘和易清洗等技术要求较高，故设计考虑对地坪表面采用特殊矿粉硬化剂进行固化处理。

Influence of vacuum heat treatment on structure and micro-hardness of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coating

The electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were prepared and the influence of vacuum heat treatment on its structure and properties was analyzed. The Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were characterized by morphology,structure and micro-hardness. The morphology and structure of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD),respectively. A great deal of particles incorporation and uniform distribution were found in Ni-P-SiC composite coatings. XRD results show a broad peak of nickel and low intensity SiC peaks present on as-deposited condition. Micro-hardness of as-deposited Ni-P-SiC composite coatings is improved greatly,and the best micro-hardness is obtained after heat treatment in a high vacuum at 400 ℃ .

Hot macro-hardness of Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5 bulk metallic glass

The hot hardness behavior of Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5 bulk metallic glass is studied from ambient temperature to the temperature over Tx （the onset crystallization temperature） using a hot macro-hardness tester and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that the hot hardness behavior of Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5 bulk metallic glass can be classified into 4 zones： the glassy zone in which the hardness almost linearly decreases with the increase of temperature, the viscoelastic zone in which the hardness is nearly unchanged, the viscous flow zone in which the hardness quickly tends towards near zero with temperature, and the crystallization zone in which the hardness sharply increases. The high temperature deformation behavior and the easy processable deformation region for bulk metallic glasses are also discussed on the basis of the hot marco-hardness.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYTIC TECHNOLOGY OF ULTRA-HARDNESS AND WEAR RESISTENT SURFACING MATERIAL

Mathematical models between surfacing welding properties of C, Cr, Mo, V, W alloy system and encode factors of alloy additives are established by test methods of advanced trial optimizing technology and computer assistant design (CAD). They help to draw unitary functions and binary isoclines diagrams through which the influence of encode factorial linearity, nonlinear effect and factors interaction of alloy additives on the performances of surfacing welding can be analyzed directly and quantitatively. Meanwhile, the performances of deposited metal can also be predicted according to the content of alloy additives.

Strong NP-Hardness of Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Variable Processing Time

In this paper, single machine scheduling problems with variable processing time is discussed according to published instances of management engineering. Processing time of a job is the product of a “coefficient' of the job on position i and a “normal' processing time of the job. The criteria considered is to minimize scheduled length of all jobs. A lemma is proposed and proved. In no deadline constrained condition, the problem belongs to polynomial time algorithm. It is proved by using 3 partition that if the problem is deadline constrained, its complexity is strong NP hard. Finally, a conjuncture is proposed that is to be proved.

Microstructure and Nano-Hardness of 10 MeV Cl-Ion Irradiated T91 Steel

Hardening and elemental segregation of T91 martenstic steel irradiated by 10 MeV Cl ions to doses from 0.06 dpa to 0.83 dpa were investigated with the nanoindentation technique and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The results demonstrated that the irradiation hardening was closely related with irradiation dose.By increasing the dose,the hardness increased rapidly at first from the initial value of 3.15 GPa before irradiation,and then tended to saturate at a value of 3.58 GPa at the highest dose of 0.83 dpa.Combined with TEM observation,the mechanism of hardening was preliminary attributed to the formation of M（Fe,Cr）23C6 carbides induced by the high energy Cl-ion irradiation.

Electrochemical Corrosion Study in H2SO4 of NiAl with Cu Additions, Microstructure and Micro-Hardness at Room Temperature

For many years, intermetallic materials promise applications in a wide variety of technology areas. NiAl intermetallic compound is material that exhibits important characteristics such as high corrosion resistance and low density besides its ability to retain strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures. However NiAl intermetallic is too hard, brittle and exhibits very low ductility at room temperature being the reason because this material is not yet available for structural applications. In order to increase the ductility of the NiAl intermetallic compound, the addition of a third alloying element has been proved, nevertheless it is important to determine if such additions decrease or increase the hardness and the corrosion resistance of the alloy. So, the present investigation reports the corrosion performance of the NiAl intermetallic compound modified with Cu, emphasizing the EIS analysis and the relation between physical parameters and the modelling equations used in the Equivalent Electric Circuit. It was found that the addition of Cu promotes the formation of the γ’-Ni3Al phase in Cu contents greater than 15 at. %, in addition to a decrease in micro hardness and an increment in the Icorr values. In this way, the electrochemical characterization evidenced a high corrosion resistance of these intermetallic alloys.

热处理对2205双相不锈钢显微组织及性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、显微硬度计和电化学工作站等研究了2205双相不锈钢经不同温度保温不同时间后的显微组织及性能,并分析了其经不同工艺热处理后的γ和α两相比例和析出相的变化。结果表明:2205双相不锈钢初始状态下α和γ相含量分别为41.2%和58.8%。保温时间相同时,随着热处理温度的升高,γ相含量减少,σ相含量先增加后减少,硬度增加,腐蚀电位先降低后增加。保温温度相同时,随着保温时间的延长(0.5~2 h),γ相和σ相含量增加,γ相含量增幅为2.43%~3.87%,σ相含量增幅为0.05%~0.08%,晶粒有长大趋势,硬度逐渐降低,腐蚀电位总体呈降低趋势。当加热温度为950和1000℃时,硬度随保温时间增加而降低的幅度较明显。σ相含量及α/γ比例增加是造成2205双相不锈钢耐腐蚀性能下降的主要原因。