Synthesis and Optimization of Almost Periodic Antennas Using Floquet Modal Analysis and MoM-GEC Method

This paper presented a new Floquet analysis used to calculate the radiation for 1-D and 2-D coupled periodic antenna systems. In this way, an accurate evaluation of mutual coupling can be proven by using a new mutual interaction expression that was based on Fourier analysis. Then, this work indicated how Floquet analysis can be used to study a finite array with uniform amplitude and linear phase distribution in both x and y directions. To modelize the proposed structures, two formulations were given in a spectral and spatial domain, where the Moment (MoM) method combined with a generalized equivalent circuit (GEC) method was applied. Radiation pattern of coupled periodic antenna was shown by varying many parameters, such as frequencies, distance and Floquet states. The 3-D radiation beam of the coupled antenna array was analyzed and compared in several steering angles θs and coupling values dx. The simulation of this structure demonstrated that directivity decreased at higher coupling values. The secondary lobs in the antenna radiation pattern affected the main lobe gain by energy dispersal and considerable increasing of side lobe level (SLL) may be achieved. Therefore, the sweeping of the radiation beam in several steering directions affected the electromagnetic performance of the antenna system: the directivity at the steering angle θs = π⁄3 was more damaged and had 19.99 dB while the second at θs = 0 had about 35.11 dB. This parametric study of coupled structure used to concept smart periodic antenna with sweeping radiation beam.

A NEW DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR PRINTED LOG-PERIODIC MONOPOLE ANTENNA

In theory, Log-Periodic Antenna (LPA) is a linearly polarized antenna with frequency independent properties on the input impedance and gain patterns. Owing to these characteristics, LPA has gained research interests and been employed for many wideband applications. A Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna (PLPDA) with multiple notched bands is proposed for Ultra-WideBand (UWB) applications. An antenna with the notched frequencies of 1.03 GHz, 1.28 GHz, 1.72 GHz, 2.24 GHz and 2.51 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. An antenna model was established on the substrate of FR4 and feed by a stripline. The simulation results show that the antenna can achieve an impendence wide bandwidth from 0.89 to 2.58 GHz with return loss less than -10 dB and exhibit stable antenna gain. Furthermore, the measurement result is better consistent with simulation result.

A SIZE-REDUCED LOG PERIODIC DIPOLE ANTENNA

A rectangle capacity patch was adopted as the resonance unit of the Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) so as to realize the miniaturization of this aerial in this paper. Fifteen rectangle capacity patch units of different parameters were analyzed in this paper and three design laws of size-reduction were found. Accord-ing to these design laws, a 70% miniaturization ratio LPDA was designed and fabricated. The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and pattern of the fabricated LPDA were measured. The results indicate that this size-reduction method do not deteriorate performance.

A PLANAR ANTENNA OF CONDUCTOR MODULATING PERIODIC STRUCTURE

A novel planar leaky-wave antenna of conductor modulating periodic structure formillimeter wave application is proposed.Using the theory of two-dimensional periodic admittancesurface,theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and experimental study are carried out for thiskind of antenna.A planar antenna of conductor modulating periodic structure is realized in 8mmwave band.It has an aperture area of 90×90mm^2.The measured performances of the antennaare good.

History and Advancement of the Family of Log Periodic Toothed Planer Microstrip Antenna

This paper presents the family of logarithmically periodic toothed planer antennas. In this the dimensions of the succes-sive sections were increased in geometric progression for a wide bandwidth usage. A band width of 7% for trapezoid toothed, 26% for zigzag toothed and 50% for cross-toothed VSWR < 2 has been obtained from the proposed antennas. Investigations on the gain and radiation characteristics have been carried out. The investigations show that the pro-posed designs not only offers the enhanced bandwidth but also possesses the same characteristics over the desired fre-quency band at same probe feed position.

Ultra-Wideband Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) for Wireless Communication Applications

This paper proposes a printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) for ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) applications. The antenna comprises of cascading four U shaped elements of different line lengths with balun circuit to improve the antenna impedance matching. The proposed antenna dimensions are 50 × 50 mm2 with FR4 substrate thickness 0.8 mm. Full-wave EM solver HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is used for modeling the proposed antenna. The pulse distortion is verified by the measured the proposed antenna performance with virtually steady group delay. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance matching, stable radiation patterns throughout the whole operating frequency bands, acceptable gain and stable group delay over the entire operating band. An UWB extended from 1.85 GHz to 11 GHz is obtained, and the average antenna gain is about 5.5 dBi over the operating band with peak gain around 6.5 dBi and 70% average radiation efficiency.

Optimization of Coupled Periodic Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm with Floquet Modal Analysis and MoM-GEC

In this paper Genetic Algorithm has been integrated with Fouquet modal analysis to optimize radiation pattern of coupled periodic antenna. Floquet analysis is used with MoM-GEC (Moment-Generalized Equivalent Circuit) method to study a finite periodic array with uniform amplitude and linear phase distribution. This method is very advantageous for studying large antenna array since it considerably reduces the computation time and the number of operations. In this way, Genetic algorithm is introduced and combined with Floquet analysis to optimize the radiation pattern distribution of this coupled periodic antenna. The goal of the optimization is to provide a better radiation characteristic for the coupled periodic antenna with maximum side lobe level reduction.

转动对数周期天线整体可靠性量化评估

为量化评估转动对数周期天线等机电类设备的整体可靠性,本文研究了电气元器件的可靠性预计和结构构件的可靠度计算,基于应力、强度干涉理论提出了一种通过总失效率来评估机电设备整体可靠性的方法。通过研究电子器件和结构构件的可靠性和失效概率,通过汇总计算的机电设备总失效率,得出整机的MTBF(平均故障间隔时间),从而量化评估机电设备的整体可靠性。最后,本文以某转动对数周期天线产品为例,分析了设备总失效率和整机MTBF的计算过程,通过本方法可在方案、设计阶段量化评估机电产品的整体可靠性,以指导可靠性设计,提高产品的最终使用可靠性。

基于天线扫描特征分析的信号分选算法研究

针对传统分选算法难以对电磁参数交叠、方位相近的密集分布目标进行准确分选的难题,提出一种基于天线扫描特征分析的信号分选算法。首先利用辐射源天线扫描周期的差异性,将脉冲序列按照一定的单位进行量化,然后根据天线扫描周期的相关性提取属于同一辐射源的脉冲,最后根据主瓣时间间隔的一致性对目标进行确认,克服了传统分选算法对电磁参数和方位的依赖。仿真与实际数据验证表明,与传统分选算法相比,本算法可有效提升参数交叠、且方位密集分布环境下的信号分选能力,信号分选准确率可提升30%以上。

一种分段的超短波对数周期天线设计与实验

超短波的传播方式主要为视距传播,这种传播方式需要天线具有强方向性且有较高的增益。而对数周期天线是一种超宽带、中等增益的天线,非常适用于超短波通信。然而在超短波频段下,常规对数周期天线的长度较长,小型化程度不高。为了实现超短波对数周期天线的小型化,提出一种分段的超短波对数周期天线的设计方案。根据应用需求,在满足天线增益的情况下,采用分段设计缩减天线长度,同时调整集合线之间的夹角,以实现天线的阻抗匹配。经过仿真设计,天线在30~70 MHz频段内典型增益大于8 dBi,天线的长度缩减至7 m。采用基于无人机飞行平台的外场测试系统对天线进行实验测试,测试结果表明,天线在工作频率范围内驻波比小于1.5,测试与仿真的辐射特性基本一致。该天线具有带宽宽、增益高、结构简单等特点,可以满足实际场景中超短波天线的需求。

小型化超宽带蝶形印刷对数周期天线

设计了一款用于微波医学成像系统的小型化超宽带蝶形印刷对数周期天线。在馈电线开端加载电感短柱改善了天线的阻抗匹配,在传统印刷对数周期天线上加载蝶形结构和U型贴片结构拓展了天线带宽并实现了小型化。天线尺寸为0.300λ×0.280λ×0.007λ(f=1.12 GHz),天线S_(11)<-10 dB的实测工作频带为1.12 GHz~4 GHz,最大实测增益达到6 dBi。天线的实测方向图在工作频带内实现了定向辐射,辐射效果好,该天线可以应用于微波脑检测系统等医学领域。

一种快速的雷达天线扫描周期估算方法

针对传统自相关方法计算量较大的问题,提出了一种快速的雷达天线扫描周期估算方法。首先,分析了接收脉冲幅度序列的离散化频谱特性。其次,通过检测频谱峰值构造频率索引集合。在此基础上,基于频谱峰值的频率索引差分估算雷达天线扫描周期,该方法具有较低的计算复杂度。最后,仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

慢波结构等效介电常数提取方法研究

针对天线和微波器件设计中小型化问题,论文研究了电容增强型慢波结构降低电磁波相速,达到小型化技术。通过加载周期性金属盲孔构成的慢波结构,可以大幅度提高微带贴片天线和微波腔体的等效介电常数。研究表明,对于相同结构和尺寸的慢波结构,上述两种方法所获得的等效介电常数提升是一致的。论文针对应用需求,设计了一种电容增强型慢波结构,其慢波效果十分明显,对应的等效介电常数可提高约50%,理论上对应的天线及微波器件电路尺寸可缩减30%以上。论文的仿真与实验测试结果支持了以上结论,且仿真结果和实测结果吻合度较高。

Optimization of Linear Antenna Arrays Based on Genetic Algorithms

The methods of moment and genetic algorithm (GA) are combined to optimize the Yagi Uda antenna array and Log periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) array. The element lengths and spacing are optimized for the Yagi Uda array; while the ratio factor of spacing to length as well as the ratio of length to diameter of the elements are optimized for LPDA array. The results show that the main parameters, such as gain and pattern, have been improved apparently; and the high back lobe level of LPDA can be reduced greatly, therefore, GA is a very competent method for optimizing the linear array as well as in other fields.

基于槽线的圆极化漏波天线研究

本文基于槽线结构提出了一种具有前后向扫描能力的圆极化漏波天线.每个漏波单元由槽线及两根条带上加载的4个短路槽组成.每个短路槽的长度是侧射频率对应的半个导波波长,以实现前后向连续的波束扫描特性.通过设计每个短路槽的加载位置以及与传播方向的夹角,实现了漏波天线的圆极化特性.为了验证所设计的圆极化漏波天线的有效性,本文设计并加工了一款侧射频率为10 GHz的天线原型.仿真和测量结果都表明,该天线具有良好的圆极化特性和波束扫描能力.在9~11 GHz的频率范围内,该天线在上半空间为左旋圆极化,实现了-27°~+25°的扫描范围,增益变化为7.0~10.9 dBic;对称地,该天线在下半空间为右旋圆极化,实现了-153°~±180°~+155°的扫描范围,增益变化为8.4~12.3 dBic.与同类型的天线相比,本文提出的圆极化漏波天线具有更简单的单平面结构,且所采用的短路槽设计,实现了较低的通带内传输系数.

基于双指标有序时段划分的配电网动态重构

针对含分布式电源与电动汽车的配电网各节点负荷在重构周期内不断变化的情况,提出双指标有序时段划分方法,以节点负荷曲线幅值和形态相似性为划分指标,基于Fisher最优分割的思想有序划分重构时段,将连续时段的动态重构问题转化为多个离散时段的静态重构问题。针对重构算法普遍存在寻优效率低,容易局部收敛的问题,采用天牛须算法结合Metropolis准则避免陷入局部寻优,改进原算法步长衰减方式使寻优更灵活。基于IEEE-33节点系统仿真结果表明所提动态重构方法时段划分更精确,重构次数少,网损低,重构算法寻优成功率达98%,潮流计算次数少,更适合求解重构问题。

A STEALTHY ANTENNA WITH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE REFLECTOR

A Cassegrainian antenna with frequency selective reflector is introduced, and the measured radiation properties and radar cross-section (RCS) of the antenna are given and discussed. In comparison with ordinary metallic reflector, this antenna can obtain similar radiation pattern and about 15dB of RCS reduction.

基于非对称辐射单元的毫米波全金属漏波天线

周期漏波天线具备后向端射-前向端射的连续波束扫描能力。全金属周期漏波天线在毫米波雷达等系统中具有明确的应用前景,但普通方案受制于开放阻带效应,边射性能差、扫描性能受限。目前抑制开放阻带效应的方法主要包括加载四分之一波长变换器或匹配短截线、不对等双辐射元、短路过孔匹配等,适合于全金属周期漏波天线的解决方案尚待发掘。文中提出了一种采用非对称辐射单元抑制开放阻带效应的方法,并结合等效电路模型进行机理分析和方法验证。采用非对称辐射单元设计了毫米波全金属波纹平行板波导周期漏波天线。该天线在26.5~36 GHz频带内具有-47.5°~8.5°的连续波束扫描能力,且辐射效率高于78%。仿真和实验结果表明,该非对称辐射单元能够很好地抑制开放阻带效应,适用于宽角频扫全金属周期漏波天线设计。

一种高增益宽带圆极化漏波天线的设计与仿真

基于毫米波频段,提出了一种具有圆极化特性的周期漏波天线,可用于无线通信系统。该天线的圆极化单元由两组贴片组成,每组有两个组合型贴片,其中一组在介质板上表面中心馈线两侧,间隔半个周期,保证辐射波束的空间对称性;另一组贴片设置在介质基板的下表面,且与上组贴片空间正交,以减小天线交叉极化。天线利用上表面的中央带状线进行激励,并设计渐变型共面波导实现阻抗匹配,消除传统微带结构的接地,降低了天线的损耗,增大天线增益。利用CST仿真对该天线的辐射性能进行了分析,结果表明:天线-10 dB阻抗带宽与3 dB轴比带宽的重叠带宽为41.5 GHz~49 GHz,相对带宽为19.8%,交叉极化比共极化低20 dB。天线最大增益为l8.5 dBic,全频段辐射效率在90%以上。