基于max-product复合的模糊矩阵幂序列的收敛性

主要证明了模糊矩阵在max-product复合意义下只有有限收敛,无限收敛,有限振荡及无限振荡这四种情况。

基于max-product复合的模糊矩阵幂序列的收敛性及其分类

主要讨论模糊矩阵在max-product复合意义下的收敛性。通过对模糊矩阵元素的有限收敛、无限收敛、有限振荡、无限振荡的情况的讨论,引入模糊矩阵的有限收敛、无限收敛、有限振荡、无限振荡的概念,证明模糊矩阵在m ax-product复合意义下要么有限收敛,要么无限收敛,要么有限振荡,要么无限振荡,给出了模糊矩阵在max-product复合意义下收敛性的完整结论,并澄清已有文献中的一些错误。最后给出基于max-product复合的模糊矩阵幂序列的分类情况。

Sum-Product Networks模型的研究及其在文本分类的应用

图模型在机器学习有着广泛的应用。相比图模型,Sum-Product Networks模型具有更强表达能力和更快的推理速度,所以其在对文本和图像数据建模有着广泛的应用。本文总结Sum-Product Networks这一新的深度概率模型的研究进展,先介绍了固定结构的Sum-Product Networks的参数学习方法,再介绍了根据不同的输入数据而进行的结构和参数学习方法。并且介绍了判别式和生成模型的Sum-Product Networks,最后介绍了Sum-Product Networks在文本分类上的应用。

Effects of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage prepared with rice straw, local vegetable by-products and alfalfa in Southeast China

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage ensiled rice straw and vegetable by-products with alfalfa.Mixture（202 g kg^-1 dry matter（DM））consisting of rice straw,broccoli residue and alfalfa at the ratio of 5：4：1 was ensiled with three experimental treatments：（1）no additives（control）;（2）molasses at 2.5%（M1）;（3）molasses at 5%（M2）on a fresh matter basis of mixture,respectively.All treatments were packed into laboratory-scale silos,and three silos per treatment were sampled on days 1,3,5,14 and 30.The result showed that the p H value of all mixed silages decreased gradually with the time of ensiling except for the control silage,in which a significant increase（P〈0.05）on day 30 occurred.The lactic acid content increased gradually with the time of ensiling and reached the highest value on day 14,and a marked decrease（P〈0.05）was found in the control silage on day 30.The changes of acetic acid content showed similar pattern with lactic acid content.A trace amount of propionic and butyric acid contents were found in the three mixed silages during the fermentation period.Comparing to the control,M1 and M2 treatments improved the fermentation quality of mixed silages as indicated by higher（P〈0.05）lactic acid contents and lower（P〈0.05）p H and ammonia-N contents.The Flieg points also showed that M1 and M2 silages were well preserved,whereas the control silage had a bad quality.Overall,the findings of this study suggested that adding molasses could improve fermentation quality of mixed silage,and M1 was more suitable for practical application.

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions and its relationship with the disinfection by-product formation

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products （DBPs） formation during chlorination. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the DBPs formation mechanism. A study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the effects of DOM fractions on DBPs formation mechanism. In the chlorination process, organic acids are dominant precursors of total thihalomethanes （TTHM） because of the vc-o and unsaturated structures. Furthermore, the TTHM formation of organic acids was affected by pH more greatly. Based on the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, DOM fractions contained several fluorescence substances. During chlorination, humic acid-like substances were found to exhibit high chlorine reactivity and hydrophobic organics decomposed to smaller molecules faster than hydrophilic organics even at lower chlorine dosages. Unlike hydrophobic fractions, hydrophilic organics showed no toxicity following chlorination, suggesting that the toxic structures in hydrophihc organics showed high chlorine reactivity during chlorination.

Simultaneous Control of Microorganisms and Disinfection By-products by Sequential Chlorination

Objective To introduce a new sequential chlorination disinfection process in which short-term free chlorine and chloramine are sequentially added. Methods Pilot tests of this sequential chlorination were carried out in a drinking water plant. Results The sequential chlorination disinfection process had the same or better efficiency on microbe （including virus） inactivation compared with the free chlorine disinfection process. There seemed to be some synergetic disinfection effect between free chlorine and monochloramine because they attacked different targets. The sequential chlorination disinfection process resulted in 35.7%-77.0% TTHM formation and 36.6%-54.8% THAA5 formation less than the free chlorination process. The poorer the water quality was, the more advantage the sequential chlorination disinfection had over the free chlorination. Conclusion This process takes advantages of free chlorine＇s quick inactivation of microorganisms and chloramine＇s low disinfection by-product （DBP） yield and long-term residual effect, allowing simultaneous control of microbes and DBPs in an effective and economic way.

Edible agro-products quality and safety in China

Ensuring an acceptable level of edible agro-products quality and safety is necessary to provide adequate protection for con- sumers. It is the first time that we analyzed the edible agro-products quality and safety issues in the supply chain, including production, processing, circulation, and consumption. The results indicate that the agro-products quality and safety levels improves steadily, and the supervision system and standardization system are both enhanced significantly, however, certain challenges still remain in each stage of the supply chain and the entire supervision process. Finally, five recommendations regarding four aspects （production, processing, circulation, and consumption） are concluded.

Integrated Manufacturing Cell Formation Technology Orienting Multi-product Type and Variant Volume Production

What is pursued by multi-product type and variant volume（MPTVV） production is rapid response and quick switching,so that structure of transferring line in manufacturing system is no longer unalterable.Cell formation（CF） algorithm is the key technology of cellular manufacturing system（CMS）.Currently,CF methods are mainly extended on the idea of group technology（GT） that covers a lot on analysis of resource capability matching and its algorithm.Various constraints are considered,but seldom utilized comprehensively.Aimed to the problem of manufacturing cell（MC） formation under MPTVV production mode,integrated formation technologies for typical MC as group type of cell（GC）,flow type of cell（FC） and inherited cell（IC） are presented based on technical analysis of CF.Oriented to practical production constraints like delivery time,product batch,equipment ability,key machine,key part and machine sharing,etc,an integrated formation model is constructed and internal interrelations of these constraints are analyzed synthetically.Ulteriorly,formation goals of types of MCs and their formation procedures under joint effect of formation constraints and rules are spread.In case study,three highly balanced GC are formed first;then FC formation are implemented based on the same data which indicate good balancing effect of cell load and flow-style production for key tasks;When task is adjusted,a new scheme is constructed on the result of FC configuration by using IC formation method,and more optimal performance of flow-style production is manifested.The proposed comparative study of different type of cells strongly explains the validation of integrated MC formation in support of rapid manufacturing resource transformation under MPTVV production mode.

Hydraulic model optimization of a multi-product pipeline

An optimization model is established for a multi-product pipeline which has a known delivery demand and operation plan for each off-take station.The aim of this optimization model is to minimize the total pumping operation cost,considering not only factors including the energy equilibrium constraint,the maximum and minimum suction and discharge pressures constraints of pump stations,and pressure constraint at special elevation points,but also the regional differences in electricity prices along the pipeline.The dynamic programming method is applied to solve the model and to find the optimal pump configuration.

The Status Quo of Chinese Agro-products Logistics and the Establishment of the Third-Party Logistics Mode

The status quo of Chinese agro-products logistics is analyzed from the following five aspects:the circulation mode,exchange mode,storage and transportation situation,food security.The following problems in Chinese agro-products logistics are pointed out,including excessive circulation sections,bad time efficiency,single payment,slow circulation,backward information processing,obvious bullwhip effect,low logistics efficiency,low logistics technology,inadequate professional equipments,low standardization degree,organized operation mode and low degree of scale.The third-party logistics mode of agro-products is analyzed and the advantages of the mode are analyzed as well.Firstly,establishing information network through integrating circulation section to accelerate the circulation of agro-products;secondly,making the operation norms by providing professional equipments to secure the quality of agricultural products;thirdly,improving the core competitiveness of the whole logistics chain by intensifying specialized work division in each section of the supply chain;fourthly,through forming scale economy to reduce logistics costs and increase the diversity of products;fifthly,through signing contracts to clarify duties and responsibilities and materialize the profit integration of the supply chain.The measures for establishing the third-party logistics of agro-products are put forward,including establish the awareness and concept of socialized logistics services;intensify the support on the third-party logistics enterprises of agro-products;lay stress on the cultivation of logistics talents of agro-products;and vigorously apply the modern marketing means.

Collagen from Tendon of Yezo Sika Deer (<i>Cervus nippon yesoensis</i>) as By-Product

Collagen from tendon of Yezo sika deer was prepared by limited pepsin digestion. The yield of collagen was very high;35.7% on the basis of lyophilized dry weight. The secondary structure of this collagen was different from that of porcine skin by ATR-FTIR analysis, although it was the same characteristics, e.g. SDS-PAGE, subunit composition, ther-mal behavior, as porcine collagen. Since taking up a problem of bovine spongiform encephalopathy infection in land animals such as calf or bovine, collagen from aquatic materials has been used in various industries. However, the present study indicates that tendon of Yezo sika deer as by-product of meat industry will have potential as an important collagen source for use in the foods, cosmetics, and medical fields.

Researches on Risk Evaluation of Green Agro-product Closed Supply Chain

Closed supply chain is a superior form of management model of chain supply and an effective means of improving the modernization of agro-product circulation. Based on the research results of the current literatures on supply chain risk and agro-product supply chain, related subjects of the agro-product closed supply chain involving production, management and consumption are studied and analyzed and the primary risking factors in the supply chain system are classified as environmental risk, system risk, information risk, management risk and quality risk. Risk of agro-product closed supply chain is evaluated by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the values are acquired. The result shows that risk of agro-product closed supply chain is moderate with relatively high risk, which basically accords with the present actual situations. It can be seen from the index weights of various levels that the key first-level indices influencing the risks are system risk, information risk, quality and safety risk and the key second-level are the coordinating and controlling ability of core enterprises, the implementation of information traceability and the construction of quality safety system. Therefore, risk of agro-product closed supply chain should be reduced by taking prevention and controlling measures mainly from these aspects.

Inner-product of strain rate vector through direction cosine in coordinates for disk forging

A new linear integration for plastic power was proposed.The effective strain rate for disk forging with bulge was expressed in terms of two-dimensional strain rate vector,and then its direction cosines were determined by the ratio of coordinate increments.Furthermore,inner-product of the vector for plastic power was term integrated by term and summed.Thereafter,through a formula for determination of bulge an analytical solution of stress effective factor was obtained.Finally,through compression tests,the calculated results of above formula were compared with those of Avitzur’s approximate solution and total indicator readings of the testing machine.It is indicated that the calculated compression forces are basically in agreement with the measured ones if the pass reduction is less than 13.35%.However,when the reduction gets up to 25.34% and 33.12%,the corresponding errors between the calculated and measured results also get up to 6% and 13.5%,respectively.

Information Flow Scheduling in Concurrent Multi-Product Development Based on DSM

Multi-product collaborative development is adopted widely in manufacturing enterprise, while the present multi-project planning models don＇t take techni- cal/data interactions of multiple products into account. To decrease the influence of technical/data interactions on project progresses, the information flow scheduling models based on the extended DSM is presented. Firstly, infor- mation dependencies are divided into four types： series, parallel, coupling and similar. Secondly, different types of dependencies are expressed as DSM units, and the exten- ded DSM model is brought forward, described as a block matrix. Furthermore, the information flow scheduling methods is proposed, which involves four types of opera- tions, where partitioning and clustering algorithm are modified from DSM for ensuring progress of high-priority project, merging and converting is the specific computation of the extended DSM. Finally, the information flow scheduling of two machine tools development is analyzed with example, and different project priorities correspond to different task sequences and total coordination cost. The proposed methodology provides a detailed instruction for information flow scheduling in multi-product development, with specially concerning technical/data interactions.

Neem by-products in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases:Biotoxicity of neem cake fractions towards the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies(Diptera:Culicidae)

Objective: To evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal potential of neem cake fractions of different polarity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies(An.culicifacies).Methods: Neem cake fractions' total methanol extract(NTMeOH), total ethyl acetate extract(NTAc OEt), ethyl acetate fraction after repartition with NTMe OH(NRAc OEt),butanol fraction after repartition with NTMeOH(NRBuOH), and aqueous fraction after repartition of NTMeOH(NRH2O) were tested against An. culicifacies eggs, fourth instar larvae and adults.Results: In larvicidal experiments, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt, NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH2O achieved LC50 values of 1.32, 1.50, 1.81, 1.95 and 2.54 mg/L, respectively. All fractions tested at 150 mg/L were able to reduce egg hatchability of more than 50%, with the exception of NTAc OEt and NRAc OEt. In adulticidal assays, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt,NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH2O achieved LC50 values of 3.01, 2.95, 3.23, 3.63 and3.00 mg/L, respectively.Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that the methanolic fractions of neem cake may be considered as a new and cheap source of highly effective compounds against the rural malaria vector An. culicifacies.

Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator Using Multiple Auxiliary Attributes in Single Phase Sampling

In this paper, we have proposed a class of ratio-cum-product estimator for estimating population mean of study variable for single phase sampling using multi-auxiliary attributes. The expressions for mean square error are derived. An empirical study is given to compare the performance of the estimator with existing estimators. It has been found that the ratio-cum-product estimator using multiple auxiliary attributes is more efficient than mean per unit, product and ratio estimators using one auxiliary attribute, and Product and Ratio estimators using multiple auxiliary attributes in single phase sampling.

Effect of microwave-vacuum drying(MVD)method on quality properties of agro-products

Microwave-vacuum drying is an accepted drying method for agro-products, which is nonetheless still relatively unknown to some. This paper attempted to give an overview of the most important aspects of microwaves-vacuum drying （MVD） and their relevance to agro-products processing. Some advantages on microwave-vacuum drying properties were discussed to provide a better insight into the reasons for the use of microwaves. Also the effects of the MVD on the quality of several agro-products and reasonable processing parameters were given, which develop the guidance to the application of MVD on the agro-products dehydration. As a potential drying technology, MVD will be broadly utilized for the other agro-products processing

Removal of disinfection by-products formation potential by biologically intensified process

The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon was evaluated. By IBAC removals of 31% and 68% for THMFP and HAAFP were obtained respectively. Under identical conditions, the removals of the same substances were 4% and 32% respectively only by the granular activated carbon(GAC) process. Compared with GAC, the high removal rates of the two formed potential substances were due to the increasing of bioactivity of the media and the synergistic capabilities of biological degradation cooperating with activated carbon adsorption of organic compounds. A clear linear correlation(R 2=0.9562 and R 2=0.9007) between DOC HAAFP removal rate and Empty Bed Contact Time(EBCT) of IBAC process was observed, while that between THMFP removal rate and EBCT of GAC was R 2=0.9782. In addition certain linear correlations between THMFP, HAAFP and UV 254 (R 2=0.855 and R 2=0.7702) were found for the treated water. For IBAC process there are also more advantages such as long backwashing cycle time, low backwashing intensity and prolonging activated carbon lifetime and so on.

Fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (ages) detected by spectro-photofluorimetry, as a screening tool to detect diabetic microvascular complications

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are one of the mechanisms related to diabetic vascular complications. However, since AGEs are multiple and heterogeneous moieties, there is no universally accepted method to measure them for clinical purposes. The aim of this work was to study the utility of a simple fluorimetric assay as predictor of complications. METHODS: Blood samples from 102 type 2 diabetic patients were obtained to assess glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, creatinine, lipoproteins and C Reactive Protein (CRP), fluorescent AGES by spectrophotofluorimetry and non-fluorescent AGEs by measurement of N(ε)-carboxymethyl-Lysine (CML) using an ELISA kit in a subsample of 82 patients. Urinary fluorescent AGEs, albumin and creatinine were also measured in a morning urine sample. Microvascular complications were studied by ophthalmologic examination, albuminuria and peripheral nerve conduction velocity. RESULTS: Patients without microvascular complications had significantly lower levels of both serum and urinary AGEs. CML was associated with retinopathy. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that AGEs, length of diabetes and glycosylated haemoglobin were all variables associated with diabetic complications, in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: A simple fluorimetric assay to measure low molecular weight fluorescent AGEs, and CML could be employed as screening tools to predict diabetic complications, at a primary care setting. AGEs should probably be considered as another therapeutic target in diabetes management.

Properties and Stability of Max-Product Fuzzy Bi-Directional Associative Memory

In this paper, a fuzzy operator of max-product is defined at first, and the fuzzy bi-directional associative memory (FBAM) based on the fuzzy operator of max-product is given. Then the properties and the Lyapunov stability of equilibriums of the networks are studied.