杉木磷转运蛋白ClPht1;2基因克隆与表达特性分析

磷酸转运蛋白PHT1家族是介导植物磷素吸收与转运分配的重要基因家族。从第3代杉木优良无性系洋061中克隆获得1个杉木磷转运蛋白ClPht1;2,并对不同程度磷胁迫下ClPht1;2的时空表达进行分析,为了解杉木磷转运蛋白基因结构和功能表达奠定基础。以转录组测序获得的ClPht1;2核心序列为基础,以杉木洋061无性系根系cDNA克隆为模板,利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆目的基因的全长,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测了杉木洋061无性系在不同组织中ClPht1;2的表达,以及磷饥饿诱导3、10、25 d下ClPht1;2在根中的表达量变化。克隆得到1个杉木PHT1家族基因ClPht1;2(GeneBank登录号:MK450598)。ClPht1;2编码氨基酸序列与日本柳杉磷转运蛋白家族基因编码氨基酸序列相似性为93%,与马尾松、油茶、毛果杨等植物磷转运蛋白家族基因的编码氨基酸序列比对,结果相似性均>72%。ClPht1;2基因序列编码区长1565 bp,编码511个氨基酸,蛋白理论分子量60.024 ku,为疏水蛋白,不具有信号肽,潜在磷酸化位点42个。ClPht1;2所编码蛋白质由12个跨膜结构组成,其中11个为确定跨膜域,多肽链中α螺旋占42.65%,无规则卷曲占42.11%,延伸链占15.25%。ClPht1;2在杉木洋061无性系的根、茎、叶中均有表达,在叶片中的表达量最高,在根中的表达量最低。与正常磷供应相比,根系ClPht1;2的表达水平在低磷胁迫10 d时显著增加,到25 d时下降至正常磷供应时的表达水平;ClPht1;2在无磷胁迫处理3 d时表达量降低,在10 d时表达量显著提高,在25 d时表达量又低于正常供磷水平。ClPht1;2基因具有PHT1基因家族特征结构,在杉木不同组织中均有表达,在杉木根中的表达受低磷胁迫诱导,在叶中的表达量受低磷胁迫诱导不明显,可能为杉木体内低亲和的磷转运蛋白,参与杉木地上部和根中磷的运输和分配。

A Mitochondrial Magnesium Transporter Functions in Arabidopsis Pollen Development

Magnesium is an abundant divalent cation in plant cells and plays a critical role in many physiological processes. We have previously described the identification of a 10-member Arabidopsis gene family encoding putative magnesium transport （MGT） proteins. Here, we report that a member of the MGT family, AtMGTS, functions as a dual-functional Mg-transporter that operates in a concentration-dependent manner, namely it serves as a Mg-importer at micromolar levels and facilitates the efflux in the millimolar range. The AtMGT5 protein is localized in the mitochondria, suggesting that AtMGTS mediates Mg-trafficking between the cytosol and mitochondria. The AtMGT5 gene was exclusively expressed in anthers at early stages of flower development. Examination of two independent T-DNA insertional mutants of AtMGT5 gene demonstrated that AtMGT5 played an essential role for pollen development and male fertility. This study suggests a critical role for Mg^2＋ transport between cytosol and mitochondria in male gametogenesis in plants.

Changes in Ca^(2+) -ATPase in a guinea pig endolymphatic hydrops model

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the localization of Ca(2+)-ATPase (Ca(2+) pump) in the cochlear and its change after endolymphatic hydrops, and to study the relationship between compound action potential (CAP) threshold and the Ca(2+)-ATPase activety. METHODS: The left endolymphatic sac was ablated to induce endolymphatic hydrops in fourteen healthy guinea pigs with normal action potential thresholds measured after a sliver ball electrode placed on the round window. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was studied cytochemically using a lead citrate reaction in control and hydropic ears. The reaction product was lead phosphate particles as an expression of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, observed with an eletron microscope. RESULTS: Ca(2+)-ATPase activity is mainly found on the endolymphatic surface of Reis sner's membrane, the stereocilia and cuticular plate of inner and outer hair cells, and along the infolded plasma membrane of strial marginal cells. CAP thresholds of filtered click are increased and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity significantly decreased after endolymphatic hydrops in the mentioned locations. CONCLUSIONS: CAP thresholds are increased and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity are significantly decreased in the cochlea after endolymphatic hydrops. These results suggest that there is a negative correlation between them.

Changes of sarcoplamic reticular Ca^(2+)-ATPase and IP_3-I receptor mRNA expression in patients with atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in the expression of sarcoplamic reticular Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) and IP(3)-I receptors (IP(3)R(1)) mRNA in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with mitral stenosis undergoing open heart surgery were studied. 100 mg of atrial tissue was obtained during surgery from the right appendage and the right atrium. The amount of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) amount of SERCA and IP(3)R(1) was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized to the mRNA levels of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). RESULTS: Levels of mRNA expression of SERCA in patients with AF, as compared with subjects in sinus rhythm, was lower and that of IP(3)R(1) was higher. The longer AF was sustained, the higher the levels of mRNA. There was no significant difference between right atrial free wall and right appendage. CONCLUSIONS: The expression changes of SERCA and IP3R mRNA may correlate with the initiation or maintenance of AF.

Investigation on a Supercritical Water Gasification System with CO_(2)as Transporting Medium

As a benign energy vector,hydrogen has been discussed for a long time.Supercritical water gasification was one of good ways to produce hydrogen.However,supercritical water gasification system with H_(2)O transporting was energy consuming in the process of heating due to the high specific heat of H_(2)O.A new supercritical water gasification system was established in this paper with supercritical CO_(2)as medium instead.Phenolic plastics were used as the sample transported by CO_(2).Production yields,energy flow and exergy flow of the system were collected and the influence of temperature,pressure,gasification concentration and transporting concentration was investigated.Mass flow of H_(2)O input into the reactor was 1000 kg/h.The typical condition was as follow:temperature 923.15 K,pressure 23 MPa,and the mass ratio of water,sample and transporting medium was 100:9:9.Yield of H_(2),CH4,CO and CO_(2)at this condition was 8.1 kg/h,39.6 kg/h,6.6 kg/h and 137.5 kg/h,respectively.Similar system with H_(2)O transporting was used to compare with the supercritical CO_(2)transporting system and proved that system with CO_(2)transporting could reduce the loss of both energy and exergy while the reduce of each gas production yield was less than 0.1 mol/mol.