Research progress of TCM monomer in treating diabetic kidney disease based on inflammatory mechanism

With the increasing morbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major reason causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over the world. However, current treating strategy is aiming at blood glucose controlling and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) restricting which can’t effectively preventing the development of DKD. Recent research indicating that low level of inflammatory and activation of immune system play a significant role in occurrence and progression of DKD. Understanding of inflammatory cascade and its mechanism is conducive to discern novel target of DKD and contributing to design new treating strategy based on anti-inflammatory. For the past few years, an increasing number of evidences proved that Tradit Chin Med (TCM) could delay the progression of ESRD on the basis of inflammatory. In this review, we overview the protective effect against DKD-based renal injury of TCM monomer, offering novel ideas in drug discovery and in mechanism-related research.sd.

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatment Laws of Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Action Mechanism of High-Frequency Chinese Herbs in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Study

Objective Our objective was to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and treatment laws of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD based on realworldstudy.MethodsThe data of patients with DKD who had been treated in the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan Universityof ChineseMedicine from January1,2014to December 31,2021 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system.The contents of the cases were statistically analyzed using IBM SPsS Statistics 25 software,and the laws of DKDtreatment were summarized.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD.ResultsThe data of a total of 1,201 patients with DKD were included,involving 72 kinds of TCM syndromes.Nine disease nature elements and six disease location elements were extracted,involving 405 Chinese herbs.The top five high-frequency Chinese herbs were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).Thirty kinds of Chinese herbs with the frequency of≥100 were mainly deficiency-tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and mild,and the medicinal flavors were sweet and bitter mostly.For the meridian tropism,the main meridian tropism of these herbs is spleen meridian and lung meridian.The clustering method.

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs for tonifying Qi and kidney, and replenishing spleen on intermittent asthma in children aged 2 to 5 years old

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) herbs for tonifying Qi and kidney, and replenishing spleen on intermittent asthma in children aged 2 and 5 years.METHODS: A randomized, single-blind, placebo controlled trial was conducted. Children with intermittent asthma were enrolled and their baseline conditions were measured using a questionnaire. A total of 60 participants, aged 2 to 5, were randomized into either the treatment group(n = 40) or the placebo group(n = 20). The treatment group was treated with granules of TCM herbs for tonifying Qi and kidney, and replenishing spleen, and the placebo group was given placebo granules for 3 months.The number of asthma attacks was counted and TCM syndrome scores were measured at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9,and 12 months. The airway resistance and levels of eosinophil cationic protein for the two groups were observed before and after 3 months. The results were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, the number of asthma attacks significantly decreased in the treatment group(P < 0.05). For the treatment group, the TCM syndrome scores decreased after 1 and 2 months; there was also a significant difference in scores between the two groups(P < 0.05).The difference remained after the medicine was stopped for 9 months(P < 0.05). After the 3-month treatment, compared with the placebo group, the airway resistance decreased in the treatment group(P < 0.05). No adverse events were reported in the treatment group.CONCLUSION: The TCM herbs for tonifying Qi and kidney, and replenishing spleen reduced the number of intermittent asthma attacks, decreased the TCM syndrome scores, and reduced the airway resistance in the children aged 2 to 5.

Clinical observation of kidney-qi deficiency syndrome patients with hypertension by Bushenjiangya decoction

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Bushenjiangya(reinforcing kidney and lowering blood pressure) decoction in curing hypertension of kidney Qi deficiency type. METHODS: First 60 patients with hypertension of kidney Qi deficiency type were divided into control group and treatment group randomly; the conventional western medicine was given to patients of the control group for antihypertensive therapy, while the traditional Chinese medicine Bushenjiangya decoction was added for patients in the treatment group based on the therapy for those in control group; after 2 months, the blood pressure, clinical efficacy and urine microalbumin changes of patients in the two groups before and after the treatment were observed. RESULTS: a. The systolic pressure of patients in the two groups was all reduced obviously(P<0.05); b. The total effective rate of experiment group in antihypertensive effect was 76.7%, while that of control group was 83.3%(P>0.05); c. The total effective rate of experiment group in TCM syndrome effect was 86.7%, while that of control group was 63.3%, showing that the effect of experiment group was better than that of control group(P<0.05); d. The 24 h urine microalbumin reduction of experiment group was better than that of control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The curative effect of Bushenjiangya decoction in combination with the western medicine is better than that of simple western medicine for hypertension of kidney Qi deficiency type, and also the urine microalbumin can be obviously reduced to protect the kidney function.

Shen(Kidney)-Tonifying Principle for Primary Osteoporosis:to Treat Both the Disease and the Chinese Medicine Syndrome

Primary osteoporosis （POP） is one of the most common diseases in the elderly people resulting in high risk of fracture and poor quality of life. In addition to the pathological changes in bone mass, most of the POP patients also suffer from Chinese medicine （CM） syndromes of Shen （Kidney） essence deficiency. Shen essences are highly related to bone. Shen essence deficiency plays an important part in the development of POP and a better diagnosis of POP could be made by combining CM syndromes with Western medicine risk factors. Treatments of POP should aim at both increasing the bone mass and relieving the syndromes of Shen essence deficiency. Clinical study confirmed that treating POP patients with Shen-tonifying herbs could increase the bone mass and relieve the CM syndromes of POP patients. Basic researches clarified the mechanism by which Shen-tonifying herbs increased bone mass in animal models. The mechanisms by which Shentonifying herbs relieve the CM syndromes are still in investigation.

Effect of reinforcing kidney-essence, removing phlegm, and promoting mental therapy on treating Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of reinforcing kidney-essence, removing phlegm, and promoting mental therapy in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Sixty patients with AD in Wuhan No.1 Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Geriatrics from May 2009 to April 2011 were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 in each group. Patients in Bushenhuatanyizhi group (BHY group) took BHY instant granules (6 g, twice per day). Patients in the control group took piracetam (0.8 g, 3 times per day). There were twelve weeks in a course. Changes in the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) score were analyzed before and after treatment. RESULTS: MMSE scores in the two groups in-creased and ADL scores decreased after treatment, compared with those before treatment (both P< 0.05).The total effective rate was 86.67% in the BHY group (10 very effective, 13 effective, 7 non-responsive). The control group was 57.69% (5 very effective, 16 effective, 9 non-responsive) (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase levels were increased, lipid peroxide and triglyceride levels decreased after treatment in the BHY group as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Reinforcing kidney-essence, removing phlegm, and promoting mental therapy can improve cognitive function and daily life of AD patients. The mechanism of the therapy might be related to improving blood fat, scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting lipid peroxides.

扶正理气中药对大强度耐力训练大鼠糖代谢某些指标的影响

以ＳＤ雄性大鼠为对象，测定了扶正理气中药对大强度耐力训练及疲劳性运动后即刻和恢复期间骨骼肌糖代谢某些指标变化的影响。结果发现：大强度耐力训练可使大鼠骨骼肌中糖厚含量和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）活性提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；磷酸果糖激酶（ＰＦＫ）活性变化不大；扶正理气中药对这些训练效果没有影响；疲劳运动后即刻肌糖原含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），服药组的肌糖原下降更多，但无显著性；运动后即刻ＰＦＫ活性增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），恢复３小时该酶活性下降，恢复２４小时时已降至安静水平，服药并不改变ＰＦＫ的变化趋势；ＭＤＨ活性在运动后即刻变化不大，恢复３小时时有所增加，恢复２４小时时反而明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；服药大鼠该酶活性在运动后即刻明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），恢复３小时时明显高于安静值（Ｐ＜０．０５），恢复２４小时时仍较安静时高。结果提示：扶正理气中药可能有促恢复的作用。

青黄散加补肾健脾中药治疗骨髓增生异常综合征的临床观察

目的观察青黄散加补肾健脾中药治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的临床疗效。方法55例MDS患者给予青黄散、补肾健睥汤药及雄性激素等治疗。结果55例MDS患者中,完全缓解11例(20.0%),总有效41例(74.5%)。根据FAB分型,RA/RAS型34例,完全缓解9例(26.5%),总有效28例(82.4%);RAEB型21例,完全缓解2例(9.5%),总有效13例(61.9%),两型间疗效比较差异无统计学意义。按国际预后积分系统(IPSS)评定标准,中危Ⅰ组36例,有效25例(其中完全缓解10例),无效11例。中危Ⅱ组7例,完全缓解1例,有效4例,无效2例。高危组6例,完全缓解0例,有效3例,无效3例。3组疗效比较差异无统计学意义。有效者41例,治疗后白细胞、血红蛋白和血小板计数均较治疗前升高(P<0.05);染色体异常组16例,有效11例(68.8%);染色体正常组33例,有效24例(72.7%);染色体异常与否间疗效比较,差异无统计学意义。结论化瘀补肾为主综合治疗MDS具有确切的临床疗效,疗效与FAB分型、IPSS积分及染色体异常与否无明显相关性。

补肾中药治疗多发性硬化的研究进展

多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是以中枢神经系统炎症性脱髓鞘为主要病理改变的自身免疫性疾病,其主要临床特点为病灶的空间和时间多发性。目前,临床上对MS尚无特效治疗药物,西医主要采用激素、免疫抑制剂等药物治疗,中医主要采用辨证论治的方法加以治疗。根据MS不同的临床表现,中医将MS归属为"痿证"、"痹证"范畴,认为该病病位在"脑与髓"。中医理论认为"肾虚"为本病的根本病因,由于肾主骨生髓,髓汇于脊柱为脊髓、汇于脑为脑髓,在总结前人研究的基础上,从肾虚为本的角度探讨补肾药物对多发性硬化的治疗作用。

滋肾丸抗去势雌鼠骨质疏松症的实验研究

目的探讨补肾中药滋肾丸对去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠股骨的密度、骨矿含量的影响及机制。方法将66只15周龄SD大鼠随机分为6组,空白组做假手术,其余5组做卵巢切除术,术后用药12周后处死,测定右侧股骨骨密度及骨矿含量,血清雌二醇、碱性磷酸酶含量,子宫湿重。结果滋肾丸大、中、小剂量组、尼尔雌醇组能对抗骨密度、骨矿含量的下降,血清碱性磷酸酶的升高,血清雌二醇的下降(与模型组相比p<0.05),滋肾丸中剂量组、尼尔雌醇组能对抗子宫指数的减轻(与模型组相比p<0.05)。结论补肾中药滋肾丸对去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠股骨的密度、骨矿含量有正向影响其机制与其雌激素效应,抑制过高的骨转换以及促进骨形成有关。

中药固真方对成骨样细胞UMR106增殖分化的影响

中药固真方具有补肾益精、延缓衰老的作用 .为了进一步探讨其作用机理 ,研究观察了固真方对成骨样细胞 UMR1 0 6DNA合成、原癌基因 c- fos,c- ki- ras m RNA表达以及骨钙素 (osteocal-cin)基因 m RNA表达的影响 .结果表明 :固真方可明显促进 DNA合成 ,且在 1 0 -5稀释度时达高峰 ;增殖相关的原癌基因 (c- fos,c- ki- ras) m RNA表达增强 ;成熟成骨细胞特征性标志蛋白——骨钙素基因 m RNA表达增强 .结果提示 :中药固真方可能通过影响一些与增殖相关的原癌基因及骨钙素基因表达而促成骨样细胞 UMR1 0

滋肾丸对去势骨质疏松雌鼠骨生物力学性能的改善作用及机制的实验研究

目的探讨补肾中药滋肾丸对去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠腰椎的骨生物力学性能的改善作用及机制研究。方法将66只15周龄SD大鼠随机分为6组,每组11只,空白组做假手术,其余5组做卵巢切除术,术后2周开始给药,用药12周后处死,测定腰1椎体的最大载荷和破坏应力,血清雌二醇、碱性磷酸酶含量。结果模型大鼠腰1椎体的最大载荷和破坏应力明显下降,血清碱性磷酸酶升高,血清雌二醇下降,滋肾丸大、中剂量组均能对抗上述指标的变化,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论补肾中药滋肾丸对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨的生物力学性能有明显的改善作用,其机制与其升高血清雌二醇,降低血清碱性磷酸酶含量进而抑制过高的骨转换有关。

益气温阳降浊中药治疗糖尿病肾病30例临床观察

目的观察益气温阳降浊中药治疗糖尿病肾病的临床疗效及对患者肾功能的影响。方法将60例糖尿病肾病患者随机分为2组,对照组30例予西医常规治疗,治疗组30例在对照组治疗基础上加益气温阳降浊中药。2组均4周为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。检测2组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐(Cr)及血尿素氮(BUN)变化情况,统计临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率83.33%,对照组总有效率60.00%,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组。治疗组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量、Cr及BUN与本组治疗前比较均明显下降(P<0.05),且明显低于对照组治疗后(P<0.05)。结论益气温阳降浊中药可改善糖尿病肾病患者肾功能,疗效显著。

补肾中药醇提活性部位对成骨细胞Cbfa1基因表达的影响

【目的】观察补肾中药提取物(AS-RKCB)对体外培养人的成骨细胞株TE85和编码因子(Cbfal)基因表达的影响。【方法】原位杂交组织化学技术。【结果】(1)TE85细胞经AS-RKCB(10-7g/L)培养液培养9 d后Cbfal mRNA表达的阳性细胞数高于空白对照组,与对照组比较有统计学意义;(2)检测同期培养液中的骨钙素分泌值显著高于对照组,细胞中骨钙素分泌量在CbfalmRNA高表达3 d后达峰值。【结论】Cbfal基因表达与成骨细胞标志物表达之间的时差关系,提示Cbfal基因在成骨细胞增殖和分化中有重要作用。

补肾中药复方对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠下丘脑Leptin的影响

目的:观察去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠下丘脑Leptin蛋白水平,探讨绝经后骨质疏松症(Postmenopausal Osteoporosis,PMOP)的发病机制以及补肾中药复方的疗效机理。方法:去卵巢复制骨质疏松症大鼠模型,实验设正常组、模型组、假手术组、补肾中药复方组、钙尔奇D组、骨疏康组,灌胃给药12周。应用XR-36型双能X线骨密度仪测定股骨骨密度,Western Blot检测下丘脑Leptin蛋白水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组股骨骨密度明显降低,下丘脑Leptin蛋白水平明显升高;与模型组比较,补肾中药复方组、骨疏康组股骨骨密度明显升高;补肾中药复方组下丘脑Leptin蛋白水平明显降低。结论:下丘脑Leptin蛋白水平升高可能是PMOP发病的机制之一;补肾中药复方可能通过降低下丘脑Leptin蛋白水平,有效防治PMOP,其作用优于钙尔奇D和骨疏康。

补肾健脾中药对兔后巩膜加固术后巩膜重塑影响的实验研究

目的:探讨后巩膜加固术后配合补肾健脾中药防治高度近视的机理。方法:新西兰家兔随机分为空白对照组、单纯手术组、手术配合中药1组、手术配合中药2组。分别行后巩膜加固手术,手术配合中药1组、2组术后分别灌食近视Ⅰ号方、近视Ⅱ号方,术后6周、12周分别取标本,行大体标本、光镜动态观察。结果:发现术后早期表现为强烈的炎症反应,主要为炎性细胞和成纤维细胞浸润,随后出现异物巨噬细胞,并向植入片内浸润,植入片成纤维细胞及胶原纤维组织增多,植入的巩膜也开始了修复过程。至术后12周,大量胶原纤维形成,充满间隙,使植入片与巩膜融合为一,形成"新巩膜",手术加中药组的术后炎症反应明显轻微,而单纯手术组炎症反应明显强烈。结论:后巩膜加固术阻止局部眼球后扩张,并用补肾健脾中药促使局部后巩膜再建新的血管以改善巩膜脉络膜营养供应,在中药协同下起到良性组织刺激作用,改善全身状态的同时改善后极部微循环,防止组织变性萎缩。

补肾活血祛痰类中药配伍结合妈富隆治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕临床疗效分析

目的研究多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者临床治疗中应用补肾活血祛痰类中药配伍结合去氧孕烯炔雌醇片(商品名:妈富隆)治疗的效果。方法 70例多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者,根据患者接受治疗的方法不同分为对照组(30例)及治疗组(40例)。对照组单一接受妈富隆治疗,治疗组接受补肾活血祛痰类中药配伍结合妈富隆治疗。比较两组患者的受孕情况及激素水平。结果治疗后治疗组受孕率为90.00%,对照组受孕率为63.33%,治疗组受孕率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者催乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)、促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成激素(FSH)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,治疗组PRL、T、LH、FSH水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.9370、8.1937、8.2537、2.5328, P<0.05)。结论多囊卵巢综合征伴不孕患者运用补肾活血祛痰类中药配伍结合妈富隆治疗能够有效提升受孕率,获得更佳的治疗效果,值得临床推广。

浅议中药药理学中的血液流变学

血液流变学药物研究应是血液流变学在中药药理学应用的最重要领域，包括活血化瘀药与补气药等方面的研究。血管－血液系统可能出现的高粘、高凝和血小板聚集的倾向是否会转入病理状态，一方面取决于血液、血流与血管间的相互作用；另一方面也受药物等外加因素的干预。所以，研究活血化瘀药和补气药对于剪应力依赖性血管内皮细胞功能的影响以及如何干预老年化血液流变学变化应予特别的重视。

原发性肝癌证型分布及用药分析

目的:探讨原发性肝癌中医证型分布特点及中医治疗用药特点。方法:收集、整理2004年1月1日至2017年3月1日就诊于上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院肿瘤科的原发性肝癌患者248例,进行中医辨证分型,辨证论治,采用SPSS 24.0统计软件对中医证型、中药进行频次分析。结果:248例肝癌患者中,肝郁脾虚证85例(34.3%),气滞血瘀证63例(25.4%),肝肾阴虚证54例(21.8%),湿瘀互结证31例(12.5%),湿热内蕴证15例(6.0%),肝郁脾虚证、气滞血瘀证、肝肾阴虚证出现频率最高;临床用药中,补虚药(27.2%)、利水渗湿药(14.8%)、清热药(14.1%)出现频率最高;排名前十的药物依次为白术、柴胡、陈皮、茯苓、半夏、山楂、当归、黄芪、半枝莲、山药。结论:肝郁脾虚证、气滞血瘀证、肝肾阴虚证是原发性肝癌患者的常见证型,临床治疗常用补虚药、利水渗湿药、清热药。