Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is among the most important vegetables across the world,but cold stress usually affects its yield and quality.The wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites is commonly utilized as rootstock ...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is among the most important vegetables across the world,but cold stress usually affects its yield and quality.The wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites is commonly utilized as rootstock for enhancing resistance against abiotic stresses in cultivated tomato,especially cold resistance.However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this research,we confirmed that S.habrochaites rootstock can improve the cold tolerance of cultivated tomato scions,as revealed by growth,physiological,and biochemical indicators.Furthermore,transcriptome profiling indicated significant differences in the scion of homo-and heterografted seedlings,including substantial changes in jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis and signaling,which were validated by RT–qPCR analysis.S.habrochaites plants had a high basal level of jasmonate,and cold stress caused a greater amount of active JA-isoleucine in S.habrochaites heterografts.Moreover,exogenous JA enhanced while JA inhibitor decreased the cold tolerance of tomato grafts.The JA biosynthesis-defective mutant spr8 also showed increased sensitivity to cold stress.All of these results demonstrated the significance of JA in the cold tolerance of grafted tomato seedlings with S.habrochaites rootstock,suggesting a future direction for the characterization of the natural variation involved in S.habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress ha...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress had significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage of sensitive S. nigrum plants. [Results] Sensitive S. nigrum showed oxidative damage under glyphosate stress, while resistant S. nigrum responded to adversity damage by improving its antioxidant enzyme activity. The experimental results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione of S. nigrum had certain metabolic detoxification effects under glyphosate stress. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of S. nigrum , and has a certain reference value for revealing the glyphosate resistance mechanism of S. nigrum .展开更多
Background:Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of approximately 7,500 genetic tomato varieties worldwide.Hence,it is crucial to assess the genetic diversity among tomato cultivars.This study aimed to inve...Background:Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of approximately 7,500 genetic tomato varieties worldwide.Hence,it is crucial to assess the genetic diversity among tomato cultivars.This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of selected Iranian tomato cultivars(Solanum lycopersicum)using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers.Method:Ten RAPD primers and ten ISSR primers were employed to assess the genetic diversity among 10 tomato cultivars:Matin,RFT 112,Hirad,Golsar,Raha,Hengam,Hedah,Fasa,JS12,and Emerald.Data analysis involved the UPGMA algorithm and NTYSYSpc software.Results:RAPD analysis revealed close genetic proximity between Fasa and JS12,as well as between Raha and Hadieh.Conversely,the RFT 112,Hengam,Hirad,and Emerald cultivars exhibited significant genetic diversity within this group.ISSR primer analysis identified Hengam as the most diverse variety,while Matin,Emerald,and Vibrid,as well as Raha and JS12,displayed genetic similarities with minimal observed diversity.Furthermore,the overall analysis of the cultivars using RAPD and ISSR markers indicated that Hengam exhibited the highest diversity among all the varieties.Notably,Raha and JS12 demonstrated limited diversity in this analysis.Conclusion:This research demonstrates substantial genetic diversity among the investigated tomato varieties,with Hengam displaying the highest diversity within this group.Furthermore,ISSR markers proved more effective in determining genetic diversity in tomato plants.展开更多
In 2020,breast cancer emerged as the leading type of cancer worldwide,surpassing lung cancer in the number of new cases.The high cost and frequent failure of current treatments due to drug resistance and other challen...In 2020,breast cancer emerged as the leading type of cancer worldwide,surpassing lung cancer in the number of new cases.The high cost and frequent failure of current treatments due to drug resistance and other challenges underscore the urgent need for novel,affordable,efficient,and less toxic breast cancer therapies with fewer side effects.This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Solanum Nigrum L.counters breast cancer,employing network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:The study identified the primary active compounds of Solanum Nigrum L.using databases such as TCMSP,TCM-ID,NPASS,and BATMAN.Prediction of the compounds'targets was facilitated by the SwissADME website,while main breast cancer targets were sourced from the GeneCards,OMIM,and TTD databases.The identified drug-disease intersection targets were analyzed using the STRING platform to construct a protein interaction network,which was then visualized and refined to select hub targets using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The Metascape database's MOCDE functional plugin was employed for identifying potential functional modules within the protein interaction network.Further,the DAVID database was utilized for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the intersection targets.Molecular docking of key active compounds with core targets was performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 software.Lastly,the GEPIA2.0 database was used for predicting overall survival curves of hub targets and conducting a pan-cancer analysis.Results:Eleven active compounds of Solanum Nigrum L.,including Diosgenin,Tigogenin,and Quercetin,were identified from traditional Chinese medicine databases.We discovered 113 targets common to both Solanum Nigrum L.and breast cancer.Solanum Nigrum L.exhibits anti-breast cancer properties through interactions with 14 key targets,including SRC,PIK3R1,HSP90AA1,PIK3CA,AKT1,VEGFA,and ESR1.These interactions influence several critical signaling pathways,notably the cancer signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Ras signaling pathway,and EGFR signaling pathway.Survival analysis indicated that the aberrant expression of these 14 key targets significantly affects patient survival times.Furthermore,pan-cancer analysis highlighted marked differences in the expression patterns of these targets between breast cancer patients and control groups.Conclusion:Solanum Nigrum L.mediates its therapeutic impact on breast cancer through a comprehensive approach,targeting multiple components,targets,and pathways.展开更多
Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,...Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.展开更多
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are -21 nucleotide (nt), endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression in plants. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs play an important role in species-specific development in plants. Howev...MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are -21 nucleotide (nt), endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression in plants. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs play an important role in species-specific development in plants. However, the detailed miRNA profile divergence has not been performed among tomato species. In this study, the small RNA (sRNA) profiles of Solanum lycopersicum cultivar 9706 and Solanum habrochaites species PI 134417 were obtained by deep sequencing. Sixty-three known miRNA families were identified from these two species, of which 39 were common. Further miRNA profile comparison showed that 24 known non-conserved miRNA families were species-specific between these two tomato species. In addition, six conserved miRNA families displayed an apparent divergent expression pattern between the two tomato species. Our results suggested that species-specific, non-conserved miRNAs and divergent expression of conserved miRNAs might contribute to developmental changes and phenotypic variation between the two tomato species. Twenty new miRNAs were also identified in S. lycopersicum. This research significantly increases the number of known miRNA families in tomato and provides the first set of small RNAs in S. habrochaites. It also suggests that miRNAs have an important role in species-specific plant developmental regulation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsol...Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsoluble Solanum procumbens extract(SP)with anti-inflammatory effects,including ursolic acid,β-sitosterol,hexadecanoic acid,cisvaccenic acid,and vanillic acid.Additionally,we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms,including paw volumes,local temperatures,withdrawal latency,and mechanical withdrawal threshold at the hind paw and white blood cell(WBC)number from complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models.Results:We have successfully established a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model at a low dose(1 mg/mL).SP extract significantly reduced paw volumes(P<0.05),prolonged withdrawal latencies(P<0.05),decreased local temperature,and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold(P<0.05),but only SP extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC numbers.Conclusions:SP extract could be a potential medication candidate with anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis,but it requires further investigation into the mechanism of the SP and its effectiveness on other models as well as clinical trials.展开更多
Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Low temperatures cause serious damage to potato plants every year, and freezing tolerance has become a hot spot in potato research. Galactinol...Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Low temperatures cause serious damage to potato plants every year, and freezing tolerance has become a hot spot in potato research. Galactinol synthase(GolS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides(RFOs), and plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, the ScGolS1 gene from Solanum commersonii was cloned and introduced into the S. tuberosum cultivars 'Atlantic' and 'Desiree' via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Phenotyping assays showed that overexpression of ScGolS1 could significantly improve freezing tolerance in transgenic potato plants.Further physiological and biochemical experiments showed that the transgenic lines had lower relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content,and 3,3-diaminobenzidine staining and a higher plant survival rate compared with wild type(WT) under cold stress. Moreover, the C-repeat binding factors(CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3), the downstream cold-responsive genes COR413 and COR47, and the ethylene-responsive factor(ERF)transcription factor genes ERF3, ERF4 and ERF6, which function in the ethylene signaling pathway, were all induced by freezing treatment and expressed at higher levels in the ScGolS1 overexpression lines compared with WT. Besides, the expression of some genes such as MIPS, STS and RS from the RFO metabolic pathway was up-regulated under cold stress, resulting in changes in the content of some soluble sugars. This indicated that ScGolS1 overexpression altered the sugar composition and enhanced freezing tolerance in transgenic potato by inducing the ethylene and CBF signaling pathways. These results provided theoretical support and genetic resources for freezing tolerance breeding in potato.展开更多
Solanum aculeastrum, a member of the Solanum genus, has a rich history of traditional use in various populations throughout tropical and southern Africa for treating different ailments. This study investigated the ant...Solanum aculeastrum, a member of the Solanum genus, has a rich history of traditional use in various populations throughout tropical and southern Africa for treating different ailments. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of S. aculeastrum fruit extracts grown in Zambia against Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 25923), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). After being dried in an oven at 50°C for eight days, the fruits of S. aculeastrum were pulverised and subjected to extraction using methanol and distilled water as solvents. The resulting crude extract was then filtered, concentrated using a water bath, and packed into airtight containers separately. The disc diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts. The results showed that both the methanolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, but not against E. coli. The zone of inhibition was greater in S. aureus than in C. albicans. This study highlights the importance of researching plants for their medicinal properties, which can pave the way for discovering natural product-based drugs with potential antimicrobial properties. These findings recommend further studies on plants used in African traditional medicine.展开更多
The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collecti...The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.展开更多
More than 170 years after causing the potato famine in Ireland,late blight is still considered one of the most devastating crop diseases.Commercial potato breeding efforts depend on natural sources of resistance to pr...More than 170 years after causing the potato famine in Ireland,late blight is still considered one of the most devastating crop diseases.Commercial potato breeding efforts depend on natural sources of resistance to protect crops from the rapidly evolving late blight pathogen,Phytophthora infestans.We have identified and mapped a novel broad-spectrum disease resistance gene effective against P.infestans from the wild,diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum.Diagnostic resistance gene enrichment sequencing(dRenSeq)was used to confirm the uniqueness of the identified resistance.RenSeq and GenSeq-based mapping of the resistance,referred to as Rpi-blb4,alongside recombinant screening,positioned the locus responsible for the resistance to potato chromosome 5.The interval spans approximately 2.3 Mb and corresponds to the DM reference genome positions of 11.25 and 13.56 Mb.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFD1001900,2022YFE0100900)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2019CFA017).
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is among the most important vegetables across the world,but cold stress usually affects its yield and quality.The wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites is commonly utilized as rootstock for enhancing resistance against abiotic stresses in cultivated tomato,especially cold resistance.However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this research,we confirmed that S.habrochaites rootstock can improve the cold tolerance of cultivated tomato scions,as revealed by growth,physiological,and biochemical indicators.Furthermore,transcriptome profiling indicated significant differences in the scion of homo-and heterografted seedlings,including substantial changes in jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis and signaling,which were validated by RT–qPCR analysis.S.habrochaites plants had a high basal level of jasmonate,and cold stress caused a greater amount of active JA-isoleucine in S.habrochaites heterografts.Moreover,exogenous JA enhanced while JA inhibitor decreased the cold tolerance of tomato grafts.The JA biosynthesis-defective mutant spr8 also showed increased sensitivity to cold stress.All of these results demonstrated the significance of JA in the cold tolerance of grafted tomato seedlings with S.habrochaites rootstock,suggesting a future direction for the characterization of the natural variation involved in S.habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory Open Platform Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(16K047)Hunan Science and Technology Progject(2023NK 4289)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress had significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage of sensitive S. nigrum plants. [Results] Sensitive S. nigrum showed oxidative damage under glyphosate stress, while resistant S. nigrum responded to adversity damage by improving its antioxidant enzyme activity. The experimental results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione of S. nigrum had certain metabolic detoxification effects under glyphosate stress. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of S. nigrum , and has a certain reference value for revealing the glyphosate resistance mechanism of S. nigrum .
文摘Background:Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of approximately 7,500 genetic tomato varieties worldwide.Hence,it is crucial to assess the genetic diversity among tomato cultivars.This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of selected Iranian tomato cultivars(Solanum lycopersicum)using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers.Method:Ten RAPD primers and ten ISSR primers were employed to assess the genetic diversity among 10 tomato cultivars:Matin,RFT 112,Hirad,Golsar,Raha,Hengam,Hedah,Fasa,JS12,and Emerald.Data analysis involved the UPGMA algorithm and NTYSYSpc software.Results:RAPD analysis revealed close genetic proximity between Fasa and JS12,as well as between Raha and Hadieh.Conversely,the RFT 112,Hengam,Hirad,and Emerald cultivars exhibited significant genetic diversity within this group.ISSR primer analysis identified Hengam as the most diverse variety,while Matin,Emerald,and Vibrid,as well as Raha and JS12,displayed genetic similarities with minimal observed diversity.Furthermore,the overall analysis of the cultivars using RAPD and ISSR markers indicated that Hengam exhibited the highest diversity among all the varieties.Notably,Raha and JS12 demonstrated limited diversity in this analysis.Conclusion:This research demonstrates substantial genetic diversity among the investigated tomato varieties,with Hengam displaying the highest diversity within this group.Furthermore,ISSR markers proved more effective in determining genetic diversity in tomato plants.
基金supported by Local special projects in major health of Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department(2022BCE054)Key scientific research projects of Hubei polytechnic University(23xjz08A)Hubei polytechnic University Huangshi Daye Lake high-tech Zone University Science Park joint open fund project(23xjz04AK).
文摘In 2020,breast cancer emerged as the leading type of cancer worldwide,surpassing lung cancer in the number of new cases.The high cost and frequent failure of current treatments due to drug resistance and other challenges underscore the urgent need for novel,affordable,efficient,and less toxic breast cancer therapies with fewer side effects.This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Solanum Nigrum L.counters breast cancer,employing network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:The study identified the primary active compounds of Solanum Nigrum L.using databases such as TCMSP,TCM-ID,NPASS,and BATMAN.Prediction of the compounds'targets was facilitated by the SwissADME website,while main breast cancer targets were sourced from the GeneCards,OMIM,and TTD databases.The identified drug-disease intersection targets were analyzed using the STRING platform to construct a protein interaction network,which was then visualized and refined to select hub targets using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The Metascape database's MOCDE functional plugin was employed for identifying potential functional modules within the protein interaction network.Further,the DAVID database was utilized for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the intersection targets.Molecular docking of key active compounds with core targets was performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 software.Lastly,the GEPIA2.0 database was used for predicting overall survival curves of hub targets and conducting a pan-cancer analysis.Results:Eleven active compounds of Solanum Nigrum L.,including Diosgenin,Tigogenin,and Quercetin,were identified from traditional Chinese medicine databases.We discovered 113 targets common to both Solanum Nigrum L.and breast cancer.Solanum Nigrum L.exhibits anti-breast cancer properties through interactions with 14 key targets,including SRC,PIK3R1,HSP90AA1,PIK3CA,AKT1,VEGFA,and ESR1.These interactions influence several critical signaling pathways,notably the cancer signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Ras signaling pathway,and EGFR signaling pathway.Survival analysis indicated that the aberrant expression of these 14 key targets significantly affects patient survival times.Furthermore,pan-cancer analysis highlighted marked differences in the expression patterns of these targets between breast cancer patients and control groups.Conclusion:Solanum Nigrum L.mediates its therapeutic impact on breast cancer through a comprehensive approach,targeting multiple components,targets,and pathways.
文摘Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB11900)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201003065)
文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are -21 nucleotide (nt), endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression in plants. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs play an important role in species-specific development in plants. However, the detailed miRNA profile divergence has not been performed among tomato species. In this study, the small RNA (sRNA) profiles of Solanum lycopersicum cultivar 9706 and Solanum habrochaites species PI 134417 were obtained by deep sequencing. Sixty-three known miRNA families were identified from these two species, of which 39 were common. Further miRNA profile comparison showed that 24 known non-conserved miRNA families were species-specific between these two tomato species. In addition, six conserved miRNA families displayed an apparent divergent expression pattern between the two tomato species. Our results suggested that species-specific, non-conserved miRNAs and divergent expression of conserved miRNAs might contribute to developmental changes and phenotypic variation between the two tomato species. Twenty new miRNAs were also identified in S. lycopersicum. This research significantly increases the number of known miRNA families in tomato and provides the first set of small RNAs in S. habrochaites. It also suggests that miRNAs have an important role in species-specific plant developmental regulation.
基金supported by Military Hospital 103Vietnam Military Medical University。
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsoluble Solanum procumbens extract(SP)with anti-inflammatory effects,including ursolic acid,β-sitosterol,hexadecanoic acid,cisvaccenic acid,and vanillic acid.Additionally,we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms,including paw volumes,local temperatures,withdrawal latency,and mechanical withdrawal threshold at the hind paw and white blood cell(WBC)number from complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models.Results:We have successfully established a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model at a low dose(1 mg/mL).SP extract significantly reduced paw volumes(P<0.05),prolonged withdrawal latencies(P<0.05),decreased local temperature,and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold(P<0.05),but only SP extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC numbers.Conclusions:SP extract could be a potential medication candidate with anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis,but it requires further investigation into the mechanism of the SP and its effectiveness on other models as well as clinical trials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31561143006)China Agriculture Research System (Grant No. CARS-9)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project (Grant No. CAASASTIP-IVFCAAS)。
文摘Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Low temperatures cause serious damage to potato plants every year, and freezing tolerance has become a hot spot in potato research. Galactinol synthase(GolS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides(RFOs), and plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, the ScGolS1 gene from Solanum commersonii was cloned and introduced into the S. tuberosum cultivars 'Atlantic' and 'Desiree' via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Phenotyping assays showed that overexpression of ScGolS1 could significantly improve freezing tolerance in transgenic potato plants.Further physiological and biochemical experiments showed that the transgenic lines had lower relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content,and 3,3-diaminobenzidine staining and a higher plant survival rate compared with wild type(WT) under cold stress. Moreover, the C-repeat binding factors(CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3), the downstream cold-responsive genes COR413 and COR47, and the ethylene-responsive factor(ERF)transcription factor genes ERF3, ERF4 and ERF6, which function in the ethylene signaling pathway, were all induced by freezing treatment and expressed at higher levels in the ScGolS1 overexpression lines compared with WT. Besides, the expression of some genes such as MIPS, STS and RS from the RFO metabolic pathway was up-regulated under cold stress, resulting in changes in the content of some soluble sugars. This indicated that ScGolS1 overexpression altered the sugar composition and enhanced freezing tolerance in transgenic potato by inducing the ethylene and CBF signaling pathways. These results provided theoretical support and genetic resources for freezing tolerance breeding in potato.
文摘Solanum aculeastrum, a member of the Solanum genus, has a rich history of traditional use in various populations throughout tropical and southern Africa for treating different ailments. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of S. aculeastrum fruit extracts grown in Zambia against Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 25923), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). After being dried in an oven at 50°C for eight days, the fruits of S. aculeastrum were pulverised and subjected to extraction using methanol and distilled water as solvents. The resulting crude extract was then filtered, concentrated using a water bath, and packed into airtight containers separately. The disc diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts. The results showed that both the methanolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, but not against E. coli. The zone of inhibition was greater in S. aureus than in C. albicans. This study highlights the importance of researching plants for their medicinal properties, which can pave the way for discovering natural product-based drugs with potential antimicrobial properties. These findings recommend further studies on plants used in African traditional medicine.
文摘The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.
基金the Rural&Environment Science&Analytical Services(RESAS)Division of the Scottish Government(JHI-B1-1)the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC,BB/S015663/1)+3 种基金the Royal Society(NAF\R1\201061)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061130211,32372558)AK was supported through a Research Leaders 2025 fellowship funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement(754380)The authors acknowledge the Research/Scientific Computing teams at The James Hutton Institute and NIAB for providing computational resources and technical support for the‘‘UK’s Crop Diversity Bioinformatics HPC”(BBSRC Grant BB/S019669/1),use of which has contributed to the results reported within this paper.
文摘More than 170 years after causing the potato famine in Ireland,late blight is still considered one of the most devastating crop diseases.Commercial potato breeding efforts depend on natural sources of resistance to protect crops from the rapidly evolving late blight pathogen,Phytophthora infestans.We have identified and mapped a novel broad-spectrum disease resistance gene effective against P.infestans from the wild,diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum.Diagnostic resistance gene enrichment sequencing(dRenSeq)was used to confirm the uniqueness of the identified resistance.RenSeq and GenSeq-based mapping of the resistance,referred to as Rpi-blb4,alongside recombinant screening,positioned the locus responsible for the resistance to potato chromosome 5.The interval spans approximately 2.3 Mb and corresponds to the DM reference genome positions of 11.25 and 13.56 Mb.