“一沐三握发”之“握”

“一沐三握发”的“握”,历来没有特别分明的解释,多认可为“握持”义。近来,刘钊和张传官先生认为“一沐三捉发”的“捉”为“紧攥”之义,“捉发”指“攥干或拧干头发”。本文在此基础上,通过对“屋”声字与“足”声字进行比较分析,从文献用例、方言使用情况等角度对“一沐三握发”的“握”进行了论证,认为其与刘钊、张传官先生所论的“捉”含义相同,可以解释为“紧攥”之义,也就是“(将含有水分的物体)紧握在手中持续用力(以去掉水分)”,并指出大型历时词典中均未收入此义项,应该补收。

“把NP一V”使用语境及其交互主观性程度差异

基于塞尔的“言语行为”理论,对对话体、叙述体中出现的“把NP一V”进行统计和施事行为分析,发现该结构多用于断言行为句和表情行为句:前者中的说话人用该结构来加强语势、增加节奏感和跳跃性、表达自身视角、传递交互主观时间;后者中的说话人用该结构有意识地进行“对比”和实现“反差”,可将其理解为一种话语/写作策略。在不同的语境中,“把NP一V”所传递的客观性、主观性和交互主观性程度各不相同。

粤港澳大湾区科技园地域性设计研究综述

文章综述了大湾区科技园地域性设计的理论研究进展;基于科技园地域性设计实践分类标准,对案例的类型及特点进行梳理;提出研究展望,以期为我国高质量发展背景下科技园的地域性设计提供参考。

中医伤科一号方治疗膝关节软组织损伤临床效果及其作用机制

目的探讨中医伤科一号方治疗膝关节软组织损伤患者的临床效果及其作用机制。方法采取前瞻性随机临床试验,选取2021年9月—2022年11月医院收治的100例急性膝关节软组织损伤患者进行临床随机试验,采用随机数字表将患者分为伤科一号组和对照组各50例,两组的基础治疗为患肢制动、抬高患肢,伤科一号组在基础治疗上采用中医药方伤科一号治疗,对照组在基础治疗上采用予扶他林软膏治疗,疗程均为1周,对比治疗前后患者的临床症状评分、膝关节屈曲功能、膝关节周径及临床疗效的差异。结果治疗前,伤科一号组和对照组患者的膝关节肿胀、疼痛、压痛及功能障碍评分组间对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经过1周的治疗,两组患者的上述各项指标评分较本组治疗前均呈明显的下降趋势(P<0.05),伤科一号组患者的各项临床症状评分降低较对照组更为显著(P<0.05);治疗前,伤科一号组和对照组患者的膝关节屈曲功能、膝关节周径组间对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经过1周的治疗,两组患者的膝关节屈曲功能较本组治疗前均呈明显改善,膝关节周径测量值则明显降低(P<0.05),伤科一号组患者的膝关节屈曲功能优于对照组,膝关节周径测量值低于对照组(P<0.05)。经过1周的治疗,伤科一号组达到痊愈的有34例、好转的有16例,对照组痊愈24例、好转24例、无效2例,伤科一号组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中医伤科一号方治疗膝关节软组织损伤患者能更有效地缓解患者的临床症状、改善膝关节功能恢复,提高临床疗效。

负面情态构式“一V了之”的构式化与语义分析

“一V了之”是负面情态构式。构式化方面,经历了由“以+X+了之”到“以+一V+了之”再到“一V了之”的演变过程。受求简心理的影响,变量“X”稳定为常量“一V”,“一V”较“X”更加简便,“以+X+了之”稳定为“以+一V+了之”;受类推作用和经济原则的影响,“以”字省略,“以+一V+了之”最终简缩为“一V了之”构式。语义方面,“一V了之”的语义有属于行域的“简单解决”义;有属于知域的“无奈而择”义、“漠不关心”义和“推卸责任”义;有属于言域的“规劝”义。

“X不了一点”的构式解析及机制动因探索

“X不了一点”是一种新兴的口语表达,该构式由变项“X”和常项“不了+一点”组成。根据构式语法和语法化相关理论,能进入该构式的变项“X”的词性分布呈现动词为主,形容词次要,兼及名词的特点;在变项与常项进行构件组合的过程中,呈现出复杂的语义内涵及语义特征差异;该构式具有凸显主观评价态度的语用功能,其形成机制和动因可以归纳为构式压制、主观性和互动主观性、语言特区和语境吸收、高频率使用等核心要素。

约量数词“一多半”的语义、句法及词汇化

现代汉语约量数词“一多半”表示超过半数、大部分之义,其句法位置灵活,常在句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等,还可以和其他副词共现,表现言者对该数量的主观态度。“一多半”可以用于已然、未然、惯常事件以及假设事件。数词“一多半”是由“一+多半”构成,首次出现在元代,成熟于清代,它是在语义虚化和认知组块化的共同作用下形成的。

“有一说一”的坦言标记功能及其形成

“有一说一”是当代汉语中新兴的话语标记,通过强调说话者看法的真实性、认识的客观性与态度的坦诚性,从而达到“坦言”的效果。语义相宜、主观化和高频使用对其话语标记功能的形成产生重要影响。“有一说一”与“说实话”“说真的”的细微差异体现在语义的表达倾向和构造的理据侧重上。

“V一V”与“VV看”的语义语用差异及认知解释

在现代汉语中,“V一V”与“VV看”都是由动词重叠引申而来的固定结构,两者在动词的选择,语义和语用方面有很多的共性,但二者在句法、语义和语用方面也存在差异。从句法上看,二者在句法位置上存在差异;从语义上看,二者在祈使义程度和主观性程度上存在差异;从语用上看,二者在现实性上存在差异。形成二者差异的原因均可以从认知语言学中的独立性象似动因理论、重叠性象似动因理论、距离象似动因理论和认知语言学中的象似原则与经济原则中得到解释。

数值与“数量名”结构的话题重要性

“数量名”结构中,“一量名”结构所引入实体的话题重要性比“多量名”结构强。这主要体现在,“一量名”引入实体的平均回指次数明显多于“多量名”;“一量名”形式比“多量名”更常用于存现句;“多量名”所引入实体在下文的延续方式和“一量名”不同,包括合指延续和分指延续两种。“一量名”和“多量名”之所以有这样的差别,是因为“一量名”可以指称个体性事物,而“多量名”只能指称集合性事物。叙事语篇中,个体性事物有充当重要话题的优势。不过,在特定的语篇类型、事件类型的需求下,集合性事物也可能具有较高的话题重要性。

Predicting the Degradability of Bioceramics through a DFT-based Descriptor

Bioceramics have attracted extensive attention for bone defect repair due to their excellent bioactivity and degradability.However,challenges remain in matching the rate between bioceramic degradation and new bone formation,necessitating a deeper understanding of their degradation properties.In this study,density functional theory(DFT)calculations was employed to explore the structural and electronic characteristics of silicate bioceramics.These findings reveal a linear correlation between the maximum isosurface value of the valence band maximum(VBM_(Fmax))and the degradability of silicate bioceramics.This correlation was subsequently validated through degradation experiments.Furthermore,the investigation on phosphate bioceramics demonstrates the potential of this descriptor in predicting the degradability of a broader range of bioceramics.This discovery offers valuable insights into the degradation mechanism of bioceramics and holds promise for accelerating the design and development of bioceramics with controllable degradation.

Engineering the coordination structure of Cu for enhanced photocatalytic production of C_(1) chemicals from glucose

Photocatalytic decomposition of sugars is a promising way of providing H_(2),CO,and HCOOH as sus-tainable energy vectors.However,the production of C_(1) chemicals requires the cleavage of robust C−C bonds in sugars with concurrent production of H_(2),which remains challenging.Here,the photo-catalytic activity for glucose decomposition to HCOOH,CO(C_(1) chemicals),and H_(2) on Cu/TiO_(2)was enhanced by nitrogen doping.Owing to nitrogen doping,atomically dispersed and stable Cu sites resistant to light irradiation are formed on Cu/TiO_(2).The electronic interaction between Cu and nitrogen ions originates valence band structure and defect levels composed of N 2p orbit,distinct from undoped Cu/TiO_(2).Therefore,the lifetime of charge carriers is prolonged,resulting in the pro-duction of C_(1) chemicals and H_(2) with productivities 1.7 and 2.1 folds that of Cu/TiO_(2).This work pro-vides a strategy to design coordinatively stable Cu ions for photocatalytic biomass conversion.

First‑principles study on electronic structure,optical and magnetic properties of rare earth elements X(X=Sc,Y,La,Ce,Eu)doped with two‑dimensional GaSe

The electronic structure,magnetic,and optical properties of two-dimensional(2D)GaSe doped with rare earth elements X(X=Sc,Y,La,Ce,Eu)were calculated using the first-principles plane wave method based on den-sity functional theory.The results show that intrinsic 2D GaSe is a p-type nonmagnetic semiconductor with an indi-rect bandgap of 2.6611 eV.The spin-up and spin-down channels of Sc-,Y-,and La-doped 2D GaSe are symmetric,they are non-magnetic semiconductors.The magnetic moments of Ce-and Eu-doped 2D GaSe are 0.908μ_(B)and 7.163μ_(B),which are magnetic semiconductors.Impurity energy levels appear in both spin-up and spin-down chan-nels of Eu-doped 2D GaSe,which enhances the probability of electron transition.Compared with intrinsic 2D GaSe,the static dielectric constant of the doped 2D GaSe increases,and the polarization ability is strengthened.The ab-sorption spectrum of the doped 2D GaSe shifts in the low-energy direction,and the red-shift phenomenon occurs,which extends the absorption spectral range.The optical reflection coefficient of the doped 2D GaSe is improved in the low energy region,and the improvement of Eu-doped 2D GaSe is the most obvious.

《说文》“一”的编排及其文化内涵

许慎著《说文》,立部首540部,以“一”为群部之首,自有其编排逻辑而未尽言。《说文》整体编排的逻辑顺序为“道—天道—人道—地道”,其中“道”即无形的“一”,处于至高无上的地位,是王道得以依附的思想基础。“一”之所以有如此权威性,一方面受道家思想文化的影响,另一方面也有其自身丰富文化内涵的加持。此外,“一”为群部之首,还同许慎对“六书”的理解和对部首字所从“一”及非部首字所从“一”的比例关系的考量有关。

Local existence and uniqueness of solutions to the evolutionary model for magnetoviscoelasticity

In this paper,we prove the local existence and uniqueness of solutions to the evolutionary model for magnetoviscoelasticity in R^(2),R^(3).This model consists of an incompressible Navier-Stokes,a regularized system for the evolution of the deformation gradient and the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert system for the dynamics of the mag-netization.Our approach depends on approximating the system with a sequence of perturbed systems.

Assessing the range of blasting-induced cracks in the surrounding rock of deeply buried tunnels based on the unified strength theory

Blasting-induced cracks in the rock surrounding deeply buried tunnels can result in water gushing and rock mass collapse,posing significant safety risks.However,previous theoretical studies on the range of blasting-induced cracks often ignore the impact of the in-situ stress,especially that of the intermediate principal stress.The particle displacement−crack radius relationship was established in this paper by utilizing the blasthole cavity expansion equation,and theoretical analytical formulas of the stress−displacement relationship and the crack radius were derived with unified strength theory to accurately assess the range of cracks in deep surrounding rock under a blasting load.Parameter analysis showed that the crushing zone size was positively correlated with in-situ stress,intermediate principal stress,and detonation pressure,whereas negatively correlated with Poisson ratio and decoupling coefficient.The dilatancy angle-crushing zone size relationship exhibited nonmonotonic behavior.The relationships in the crushing zone and the fracture zone exhibited opposite trends under the influence of only in-situ stress or intermediate principal stress.As the in-situ stress increased from 0 to 70 MPa,the rate of change in the crack range and the attenuation rate of the peak vibration velocity gradually slowed.

Embodied Meaning in Comprehending Abstract Chinese Counterfactuals

Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.

Stability of second order Hopfield neural networks with time delays

Dynamical behaviors of a class of second order Hopfield neural networks with time delays is investigated.The existence of a unique equilibrium point is proved by using Brouwer's fixed point theorem and the counter proof method,and some sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point are obtained through the combination of a suitable Lyapunov function and an algebraic inequality technique.

The Lone Pair Electrons in Post-Transition Metal and Their Contribution to Optical Response

The stereochemically active lone pairs around post-transition metal atoms play an important role in determining distorted lattice structure and optical response.The lone pair electrons are characterized by crystal orbitals,electron localization function(ELF)and partial density of states(PDOS).Birefringence is evaluated by means of a Born effective charge approach based on modern polarization theory.The origin of the different responses of birefringence and second-harmonic generation(SHG)is explored,as well as the effect of spin-orbit coupling(SOC)on the band structure and optical properties is explored.The study of this paper can help to deeply understand the lone pairs and their contribution to optical property.

Effects of Collocational Congruency,Frequency and L2 Proficiency on the Processing of English Adjective-Noun Collocations

The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online acceptability judgment task.The subject pool of this research included 60 English majors studying at a university in China;30 were selected as a higher-proficiency group and 30 as a lower-proficiency group according to their Vocabulary Levels Test(Schmitt et al.,2001)scores and their self-reported proficiency in English.The experimental materials were programmed to E-prime 2.0 and included six types of collocations:(1)15 high-frequency congruent collocations,(2)15 low-frequency congruent collocations,(3)15 high-frequency incongruent collocations,(4)15 low-frequency incongruent collocations,(5)15 Chinese-only items,and(6)75 unrelated items for baseline data.The collected response times(RTs)and accuracy rates data were statistically analyzed by the use of an ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons through SPSS 16.0 software.The results revealed that:(1)the adjective-noun collocational processing of Chinese English learners is influenced by collocational frequency,congruency and L2 proficiency;(2)the processing time is affected by the interaction of congruency and frequency;and(3)the interactive effect of L2 proficiency in conjunction with congruency and frequency also influences the processing quality.