高速列车进出隧道空气动力学特征模型实验分析

高速列车在进出隧道时,会产生一系列气动效应,以致于在隧道周围形成噪声污染,降低列车乘坐的舒适度。模型实验是研究和解决这些问题的有效方法。在建立高速列车模型实验相似准则的基础上,利用压缩空气式高速列车模型发射系统对高速列车进入隧道过程进行了模型实验,对测试结果进行了分析,得出压缩波产生、传播的一些规律,并将测试结果与现场实测数据进行比较,验证了模型实验结果的可用性和相似准则的正确性。

Separation of inhomogeneous blended seismic data

The frequencies of sources involved m conventional blended acquisition are the same. Each source transmits the full frequency band, and in general, significant effort is required to successfully produce and operate wideband sources. To solve this problem, inhomogeneous blended or decentralized blended acquisition is used, in which the dominant frequency and bandwidth of the source units in a blended array are not equal. When the inhomogeneous and conventional blending acquisitions adopt the same geometry and separation methods, the former has low signal-to-blending noise ratio. Therefore, we present a new separation method for such blended acquisition based on the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform. The proposed method offers better separation quality and decreases the computation time to approximately 1/3.

Study on compressibility of traffic flow

In order to describe the compressibility of traffic flows and determine the compression factors, the Mach number of gas dynamics is introduced, and the concept and the formula of the compression factor are obtained. According to the concept of the compression factor and its differential equation, a stop-wave model is built. The theoretical value and the observed one are obtained by the survey data in Changchun city. The relative error between the two values is 20. 3%. The accuracy is improved 39% compared with the result from the traditional stop-wave model. The results show that the traffic flow is compressible, and the methods of research on gas compressibility is also applicable to the traffic flow. The stop-wave model obtained by the compression factor can better describe the phenomenon of the stop wave at a signalized intersection when compared with the traditional stop-wave model.

An adaptive multichannel loudness compensation method

To alleviate the conflict between audibility and distortion in the conventional loudness compensation method, an adaptive multichannel loudness compensation method is proposed for hearing aids. The linear and wide dynamic range compression （WDRC） methods are alternately employed according to the dynamic range of the band-passed signal and the hearing range （HR） of the patient. To further reduce the distortion caused by the WDRC and improve the output signal to noise ratio （SNR） under noise conditions, an adaptive adjustment of the compression ratio is presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the output SNR of the proposed method in babble noise is improved by at least 1.73 dB compared to the WDRC compensation method, and the average speech intelligibility is improved by 6.0% and 5. 7%, respectively, compared to the linear and WDRC compensation methods.

Investigation on the Shock Response of Vitreous Carbon

The dynamic response of vitreous carbon to uniaxial strain loading has been investigated by means of the plate impact experiments. The two x cut shorted quartz gauges assembled with impactor and target were used to obtain the wave speeds in material and the stress histories at the sample gauge interface. The wave speed and stress histories were analyzed to determine the peak state in the sample. For compressive stress up to 4 0 GPa, the wave profiles were observed to be simple and steady, the uniaxial strain response is essentially nonlinear elastic, and no inelastic deformation has been found. All the experiment results indicate that the Hugoniot curve of vitreous carbon is concave downward just like that of fused silicon. There is no shock wave but the compressed wave propagating in the impacted samples.

HYBRID SCHEME FOR COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT FLOW AROUND CURVED SURFACE BODY

A hybrid central-upwind scheme is proposed. Two sub-schemes, the central difference scheme and the Roets flux difference splitting scheme, are hybridized by means of a binary sensor function. In order to examine the capability of the proposed hybrid scheme in computing compressible turbulent flow around a curved surface body, especially the flow involving shock wave, three typical eases are investigated by using detached-eddy simulation technique. Numerical results show good agreements with the experimental measurements. The present hybrid scheme can be applied to simulating the compressible flow around a curved surface body involving shock wave and turbulence.

Low complexity joint source-channel decoding for transmission of wavelet compressed images

To utilize residual redundancy to reduce the error induced by fading channels and decrease the complexity of the field model to describe the probability structure for residual redundancy, a simplified statistical model for residual redundancy and a low complexity joint source-channel decoding（JSCD） algorithm are proposed. The complicated residual redundancy in wavelet compressed images is decomposed into several independent 1-D probability check equations composed of Markov chains and it is regarded as a natural channel code with a structure similar to the low density parity check （LDPC） code. A parallel sum-product （SP） and iterative JSCD algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed JSCD algorithm can make full use of residual redundancy in different directions to correct errors and improve the peak signal noise ratio （PSNR） of the reconstructed image and reduce the complexity and delay of JSCD. The performance of JSCD is more robust than the traditional separated encoding system with arithmetic coding in the same data rate.

Radar Target Discrimination based on waveletPackets for Reduced data Storage

In order to storage resource of a radar recognition system, schemes for reducing data storage and for correlation discrimination of radar based on wavelet packets were proposed Experiment results at various signal-to-noise ratios were given The given.ability of the reduced data method's validity are supported by experimental results. Using optimal basis can get higher successful recognition rate using rigid wavelet basis.

A Q-Enhanced CMOS RF Filter for Multi-Band Wireless Communications

An RF bandpass filter with a Q-enhancement active inductor is presented. The design technique for a tunable Q-enhancement CMOS active inductor operating in the wide RF-band is described. Moreover,issues related to noise and stability of the active inductor are explained. The filter was fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS technolo- gy,and the circuit occupied an active area of only 150μm ×200μm. Measurement results show that the filter centered at 2. 44GHz with about 60MHz bandwidth （3dB） is tunable in center frequency from about 2.07 to 2. 44GHz. The ldB compression point is - 15dBm while consuming 10. 8mW of DC power,and a maximum quality factor of 103 is attained at the center frequency of 2.07GHz.

A Novel Fractal Wavelet Image Compression Approach

By investigating the limitation of existing wavelet tree based image compression methods, we propose a novel wavelet fractal image compression method in this paper. Briefly, the initial errors are appointed given the different levels of importance accorded the frequency sublevel band wavelet coefficients. Higher frequency sublevel bands would lead to larger initial errors. As a result, the sizes of sublevel blocks and super blocks would be changed according to the initial errors. The matching sizes between sublevel blocks and super blocks would be changed according to the permitted errors and compression rates. Systematic analyses are performed and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a satisfactory performance with a clearly increasing rate of compression and speed of encoding without reducing SNR and the quality of decoded images. Simulation results show that our method is superior to the traditional wavelet tree based methods of fractal image compression.

Compressive and Rarefactive Waves in Dust Plasma with Non-thermal Ions

The governing equation of the dust fluid with non-thermal ions and variable dust charge on dust particles in hot dust plasmas is obtained. Both the compressive and rarefactive waves in this system are investigated. They can be determined by plasma parameters including the temperatures of （lust fluid, ions and electrons, as well as the non-thermal parameter of ions, and the number densities of the dust particles, the ions and the electrons, etc.

Numerical study on maximum rebound ratio in blasting wave propagation along radian direction normal to joints

In the process of 2-D compressional wave propagation in a rock mass with multiple parallel joints along the radian direction normal to the joints, the maximum possible wave amplitude corresponding to the points between the two adjacent joints in the joint set is controlled by superposition of the multiple transmitted and the reflected waves, measured by the maximum rebound ratio. Parametric studies on the maximum rebound ratio along the radian direction normal to the joints were performed in universal distinct element code. The results show that the maximum rebound ratio is influenced by three factors, i.e., the normalized normal stiffness of joints, the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength and the joint from which the wave rebounds. The relationship between the maximum rebound ratio and the influence factors is generalized into five charts. Those charts can be used as the prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio.

The phase relations between the first arrivals of compressional and shear waves, and their signification to full wave logging

This paper describes the three phenomena observed in full wave experiments： 1. the amplitudes （absolute value） of the first compressional and shear arrivals have the same variation rules; 2. the phases of the first compressional and shear arrivals are always opposite to each other; and 3. the amplitude variation periods of the first compressional and shear arrivals are 2π. A full analysis and interpretation points out that these phenomena should appear under the full wave logging condition. Hence,the basis of using phase diffrences to extract useful information from the full wave is found.

TWO-LAYERED IMAGE COMPRESSION USING 2G BANDELETS AND WAVELETS

An image can be decomposed into the structural component and the geometric texturalcomponent.Based on this idea,an efficient two-layered compressing algorithm is proposed,which uses2nd generation bandelets and wavelets.First,an original image is decomposed into the structuralcomponent and the textural component,and then these two components are compressed using waveletsand 2nd generation bandelets respectively.Numerical tests show that the proposed method worksbetter than the bandelets and JPEG2000 in some specific SAR scene.

Symmetry Analysis of Nonlinear Incompressible Non-Hydrostatic Boussinesq Equations

The symmetries of the （2＋1）-dimensional nonlinear incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussinesq （INHB） equations, which describe the atmospheric gravity waves （GWs）, are researched in this paper. The Lie symmetries and the corresponding reductions are obtained by means of classical Lie group approach. Calculation shows the INHB equations are invariant under some Galilean transformations, scaling transformations, and space-time translations. The symmetry reduction equations and similar solutions of the INHB equations are proposed.

Multi-target range and velocity measurements of a digital phased array radar system

As the core of a digital phased array radar system,a radar signal processing environment is created to measure multitarget range and velocity information. The radar echo signal is achieved by superposing target echo, noise, clutter and jamming signals linearly. Considering that these signals have many types,two typical combinations are selected to construct the multi-target echo signal and the simulated echo signal is used as the input of the signal processing environment. This environment mainly adopts pulse compression,moving target indication and detection technologies to process the echo signal.It is found that the frequency domain method is more desirable for the pulse compression effect than the time domain method,and multi-target range information can be measured from the moving target indication result after using a double delay canceller. A new moving target detecting method is proposed,which can present the positive and negative velocity accurately with the multi-target range and velocity measured simultaneously. Simulation results indicate that the potential targets are detected from the chaotic radar echo signals successfully,and their range and velocity can be figured out correctly in the built radar signal processing environment.

Generation and detection of squeezed state

Soliton amplitude squeezed state is obtained and dctected by using asymmetric Sagnac interferometer and balanced homodyne detecting system. An improved photo detector circuit for quantum state detection is introduced. The circuit has a bandwidth of 10MHz and the saturation power is about 19 mW. A maximum photocurrent noise reduction of 1.1 dB below the shot noise is achieved. Taking the detection efficiency into account,the squeezing will be about 1.5 dB.

DEM Compression Based on Integer Wavelet Transform

DEM data is an important component of spatial database in GIS. The data volume is so huge that compression is necessary. Wavelet transform has many advantages and has become a trend in data compression. Considering the simplicity and high efficiency of the compression system, integer wavelet transform is applied to DEM and a simple coding algorithm with high efficiency is introduced. Experiments on a variety of DEM are carried out and some useful rules are presented at the end of this paper.

APULSECOMPRESSORIMPLEMENTATIONWITHDSPFORSMALLTBPRODUCTLFMWAVEFORM

This paper describes a pulse compressor implementation with DSP for small Time Bandwidth (TB) product Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) waveform. It contains the digital generation of the LFM waveform and the digital internally Hamming weighted compression filter. Two methods for suppression of time sidelobe of the digital pulse compressor are employed. First, the LFM waveform is modified by using cubic phase pre distortion for reducing the effect of Fresnel ripples in small TB product LFM waveform. Secondly, anti aliasing filter is used before A/D converter for reducing spectrum skirt level of the returned LFM waveform. The parameters of the compression filter implemented with IMSA100 DSP are programmable. The experiments show that the peak time sidelobe level of the digital pulse compressor is less than -32 dB for TB product of 20.

Near-source noise suppression of AMT by compressive sensing and mathematical morphology filtering

In deep mineral exploration, the acquisition of audio magnetotelluric （AMT） data is severely affected by ambient noise near the observation sites; This near-field noise restricts investigation depths. Mathematical morphological filtering （MMF） proved effective in suppressing large-scale strong and variably shaped noise, typically low-frequency noise, but can not deal with pulse noise of AMT data. We combine compressive sensing and MMF. First we use MMF to suppress the large-scale strong ambient noise; second, we use the improved orthogonal match pursuit （IOMP） algorithm to remove the residual pulse noise. To remove the noise and protect the useful AMT signal, a redundant dictionary that matches with spikes and is insensitive to the useful signal is designed. Synthetic and field data from the Luzong field suggest that the proposed method suppresses the near-source noise and preserves the signal well; thus, better results are obtained that improve the output of either MMF or IOMP.