Antibiotic Activity of the Essential Oil of Laurel （Laurus nobilis L,） on Eight Bacterial Strains

The recent studies unveil more and more therapeutic properties of the essential oil of Bay leaf （Laurus nobilis L.）. The aim of this study is to determine the chromatographic profile of the essential oil of Bay leaf cultivated under the climatic conditions of the Algerian East and to test its antibiotic activity, against 8 bacterial strains （Escherichia coil, Serratia sp., Proteus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus D, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii）, by using different concentrations. The GC/MS analysis showed that the essential oil is rich in eucalyptol （35.31%）, [3 linalool （22.52%）, eugenol methyl ether （9.17%）, camphene （7.37%） and 3 carene （5.39%）. The antibiotic activity of the essential oil was determined by the diffusion on agar method. Measuring diameters of inhibition method of Vincent [1] indicated that bacterial strains which are very sensitive to even very diluted essential oil are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus D, Serratia sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Acinetobacter baumanii exhibit less sensitivity and Proteus sp. is especially sensitive to the pure oil. Laurus nobilis L. is a Mediterranean endemic that presents an interesting antibacterial activity and its culture should be encouraged and expanded in Algeria.

Microbial Biofilm Formation as a Dental-fouling Microorganisms Attachment Phenomenon in Oral Cavity Environment

DMFP （Dental microbial fouling phenomenon） of OCE （oral cavity environment） was studied in the local dental labs. Multi-smears of mature supra gingival plaques were randomly collected from fifty persons in dental labs that had different cultures, ages, sex and different scientific levels. Rapid microbial identification method was used to identify of these multi-smears by using vitek-2 compact instrument. The most frequent and appearance species of bacteria was Pantoeae spp., then Klebsiella pneumonia. Total species of microbial fouling in supra gingival plaques were included sixteen species： Staphyllococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pantoeae spp., Aercococcus viridians, Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremorise, Granuli.adiacens, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphyllococcus sciuri, Stenotrophomonus maltiphilia, Kocuria varians, Gememlla morbillorum, Granulicatella adiacens, Nonreac biopattern, Kocuria kritinae, Kocuria rosea and Nonreac.biopattern while six fungal species were Tricoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, Tricoderma harzianum, Cladosporium macrocarpum, Penicillium citrinum and Verticillium lecanii in addition to two yeast species were recorded Candida dubliniensis and Candida glabrata. The results were detected the most appearance of bacteria Pantoeae sp., then Klebsiella pneumonia, then Staphyllococcus aureus. These results of study suggest that adhesive strength conjugated with the biofilm layers presence in OCE may vary across different from one to other persons and mark a new path of inquiry for dental Microbial-fouling phenomenon research.

急性化脓性脑膜炎早期诊断的实验研究

目的建立免疫斑点法检测脑膜炎双球菌(A群)、肺炎球菌抗原,探讨应用免疫斑点法对早期快速诊断细茵性脑膜炎的应用价值。方法建立该实验体系,以A(λ)值(取对数Log)为纵坐标,抗原浓度(取对数Log)为横坐标,绘制标准曲线,求出回归方程。结果最小脑膜炎球菌抗原检出量为36 ng/ml。最小肺炎球茵抗原检出量为13.4 ng/ml。结论初步建立了用免疫斑点法检测急性化脓性脑膜炎中脑膜炎双球菌(A群)、肺炎球菌抗原的诊断方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性强,简便、快捷,不需特殊仪器,结果可保存等优点,非常适于在广大临床实验室推广应用。

Nasal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in Beijing

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae carried in the nose among children in Beijing and the distribution of serotypes,and to analyze the risk factors for nasal carriage of penicillin non-susceptible S.pneumoniae.Methods A disk diffusion test was applied to detect the antimicrobial susceptibilities of S.pneumoniae to erythromycin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,chloramphenicol and tetracycline.The E test was applied to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin,cefuroxime,cefotaxime,augmentin and imipenem.S.pneumoniae isolates were serotyped by the Quellung reaction.Results S.pneumoniae that was resistant to penicillin or cefuroxime was not found,but S.pneumoniae intermediate resistant to penicillin and cefuroxime accounted for 8.2% and 2.1%,respectively.All of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime,augmentin and imipenem.S.pneumonia that was resistant to erythromycin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were extremely numerous,accounting for 72%,70% and 79%,respectively.Five serotypes(19,6,14,23,17)accounted for 54.7%,and nontypables accounted for 20.6% of all the S.pneumoniae.Previous history of otitis media was a risk factor we found for nasal carriage of penicillin non-susceptible S.pneumoniae.Conclusions Continued surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of S.pneumoniae is necessary.A larger scale investigation is needed to identify if the 7 or 9-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is appropriate for Chinese children.