锶铁氧体微管的制备及镧掺杂对其性能的影响

以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和Sr(NO3)2为原料在水溶液中形成溶胶,以脱脂棉为模板使溶胶在脱脂棉表面形成凝胶,煅烧后得到了SrFe12O19微管,并对锶铁氧体进行La掺杂制得磁学性能优良的SrLaxFe12-xO19(x=0～0.3)。采用XRD,SEM和VSM对样品的结构、形貌及磁性能进行了表征。结果表明:制备的La掺杂锶铁氧体基本保留了棉花纤维的生物形态,其外径在8～13μm之间,壁厚在0.5～1μm之间。当煅烧温度确定时,随着x值的增大,样品的矫顽力和饱和磁化强度先增加后减小,但饱和磁化强度的变化滞后于矫顽力。

Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe, La Co-doped Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts

A series of photocatalysts of un-doped, single-doped and co-doped nanometer titanium diox- ide （TiO2） have been successfully prepared by template method using Fe（NO3）3.9H2O, La（NO3）3.6H2O, and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors and glucan as template. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure and surface structure of the samples. The photo-absorbance of the obtained catalysts was measured by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl orange in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the prepared photocatalysts consisted of anatase phase and possessed high surface area of ca. 163-176 m2/g. It was shown that the Fe and La co-doped nano-TiO2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo-oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and La co-doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of co-doped nano-TiO2 was also confirmed, the photocatalytic activity of codoped nano-TiO2 remained above 89.6% of the fresh sample after being used four times.

Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Lanthanum Doped Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide

Lanthanum doped mesoporous titanium dioxide photocatalysts with different La content were synthesized by template method using tetrabutyltitanate （Ti（OC4H9）4） as precursor and Pluronic P123 as template. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric dif ferential thermal analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis adsorption spectroscopy. The effect of La3＋ doping concentration from 0.1% to 1% on the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 was investigated. The characterizations indicated that the photocatalysts possessed a homogeneous pore diameter of about 10 nm with high surface area of 165 m2/g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements in- dicated the presence of C in the doped samples in addition to La. Compared with pure mesoporous TiO2, the La-doped samples extended the photoabsorption edge into the visible light region. The results of phenol photodecomposition showed that La-doped mesoporous TiO2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than pure mesoporous TiO2 under UV and visible light irradiation.

Influence of lanthanum-doping on photocatalytic properties of BiFeO_3 for phenol degradation

A series of BiFeO3 and lanthanum‐doped BiFeO3 photocatalysts were synthesized by a facile sol‐gel method using citric acid as complexing agent, and used to remove phenol in industrial wastewater under simulated sunlight irradiation. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The introduction of La effectively suppressed the generation of an impurity phase. All the metals （La, Bi and Fe） are well distributed. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the La‐doped BiFeO3 photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity to pure BiFeO3. The 15%La‐doped BiFeO3 photocatalyst exhibited the best activity, with a degradation rate of 96%and COD removal rate of 81.53%after irradiation for 180 min, and it showed good recycling stability. The enhanced photocatalytic ability of 15% La‐doped BiFeO3 was attributed to the in‐crease of adsorbed surface hydroxyl groups, enhancement of visible light absorption and reduction of electron‐hole recombination. We confirmed that the primary active species was -OH by adding different scavengers during the photodegradation of phenol and proposed a reaction mechanism based on these experiments.

La-doped Pt/TiO_2 as an efficient catalyst for room temperature oxidation of low concentration HCHO

Catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is the most efficient way to purify indoor air of HCHO pollutant. This work investigated rare earth La‐doped Pt/TiO2 for low concentration HCHO oxidation at room temperature. La‐doped Pt/TiO2 had a dramatically promoted catalytic performance for HCHO oxidation. The reasons for the La promotion effect were investigated by N2 adsorption, X‐raydiffraction, CO chemisorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and high‐angle annular dark field scanning TEM. The Pt nanoparticle size was reduced to 1.7nm from 2.2 nm after modification by La, which led to higher Pt dispersion, more exposed activesites and enhanced metal‐support interaction. Thus a superior activity for indoor low concentrationHCHO oxidation was obtained. Moreover, the La‐doped TiO2 can be wash‐coated on a cordieritemonolith so that very low amounts of Pt (0.01 wt%) can be used. The catalyst was evaluated in asimulated indoor HCHO elimination environment and displayed high purifying efficiency and stability.It can be potentially used as a commercial catalyst for indoor HCHO elimination.

La-doped TiO_(2) nanorods toward boosted electrocatalytic N_(2)-to-NH_(3)conversion at ambient conditions

Electrochemical N_(2) reduction provides a green and sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch technology for NH_(3 )synthesis.However,the extreme inertness of N_(2) molecules is a formidable challenge,which requires the development of an active electrocatalyst to drive the N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR)for NH_(3) production at ambient conditions.Herein,we demonstrate the development of La-doped TiO_(2) nanorods as an efficient NRR electrocatalyst for ambient NH3 synthesis.The optimized La-TiO_(2) catalyst offers a large NH_(3) yield of 23.06 pg h1 mgcat 1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 14.54%at-0.70 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M L1CIO_(4),outperforming most La-and Ti-based catalysts reported before.Significantly,it also demonstrates high electrochemical stability and its activity decay is negligible after 48 h test.The mechanism is further revealed by density functional theory calculations.

Surface chlorine doped perovskite‐type cobaltate lanthanum for water oxidation

Rationally manipulating the in‐situ formed catalytically active surface of catalysts remains a great challenge for a highly efficient water electrolysis.Here,we report a cationic oxidation method which can adjust the leaching of the in‐situ catalyst and promote the reconstruction of dynamic surface for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).The chlorine doping can reduce the possibility of triggering in‐situ cobalt oxidation and chlorine leaching,leading to a transformation of the surface chlorine doped LaCoO_(3)(Cl‐LaCoO_(3))into an intricate amorphous(oxygen)hydroxide phase.And thus,Cl‐LaCoO_(3)nanocrystals shows an ultralow overpotential of 342 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^(–2)and Tafel slope of 76.2 mV dec–1.Surface reconstructed Cl‐LaCoO_(3)is better than many of the most advanced OER catalysts and has proven significant stability.This work provides a new prospect for designing a high‐efficiency electrocatalyst with optimized perovskite‐structure in renewable energy system.

Prolonging charge-separation states by doping lanthanide-ions into {001}/{101} facets-coexposed TiO_(2) nanosheets for enhancing photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

Ultrathin TiO_(2)nanosheets with coexposed{001}/{101}facets have attracted considerable attention because of their high photocatalytic activity.However,the charge-separated states in the TiO_(2)nanosheets must be extended to further enhance their photocatalytic activity for H_(2)evolution.Herein,we present a successful attempt to selectively dope lanthanide ions into the{101}facets of ultrathin TiO_(2)nanosheets with coexposed{001}/{101}facets through a facile one-step solvothermal method.The lanthanide doping slightly extended the light-harvesting region and markedly improved the charge-separated states of the TiO_(2)nanosheets as evidenced by UV-vis absorption and steady-state/transient photoluminescence spectra.Upon simulated sunlight irradiation,we observed a 4.2-fold enhancement in the photocatalytic H_(2)evolution activity of optimal Yb^(3+)-doped TiO_(2)nanosheets compared to that of their undoped counterparts.Furthermore,when Pt nanoparticles were used as cocatalysts to reduce the H_(2)overpotential in this system,the photocatalytic activity enhancement factor increased to 8.5.By combining these results with those of control experiments,we confirmed that the extended charge-separated states play the main role in the enhancement of the photocatalytic H_(2)evolution activity of lanthanide-doped TiO_(2)nanosheets with coexposed{001}/{101}facets.

Microstructure and electrical properties of La_2 O_3-doped ZnO-based varistor thin films by sol-gel process

Microstructure and electrical properties of La2 O3-doped ZnO-Bi2 O3 thin films prepared by sol–gel process have been investigated.X-ray diffraction shows that most diffraction peaks of ZnO are equal,and the crystals of ZnO grow well.Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy results indicate that the samples have a good structure and lower surface roughness.The nonlinear V–I characteristics of the films show that La2 O3 develops the electrical properties largely and the best doped content is 0.3% lanthanum ion,with the leakage current of 0.25 mA,the threshold field of 150 V/mm and the nonlinear coefficient of 4.0 in detail.

Effects of co-precipitation temperature on structure and properties of La and Y doped cerium zirconium mixed oxides

Due to the oxygen storage and release properties,cerium zirconium mixed oxides are recognized as the key material in automotive three-way catalysts.To reveal the effects of co-precipitation temperature on structure,physical and chemical properties of multi-doped cerium zirconium mixed oxides,a series of La and Y doped cerium zirconium mixed oxides(CZLYs)were synthesized via a co-precipitation method,and the physical and chemical properties of CZLYs were systemically characterized by XRD,N_(2) adsorption−desorption,TEM,XPS,oxygen storage capacity(OSC)and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR).The results show that co-precipitation temperature is an important parameter to influence the crystal size,oxygen storage capacity and thermal stability of CZLYs.When the co-precipitation temperature was 60℃,the best redox properties and thermal stability of CZLYs were obtained.After thermal treatment at 1100℃for 10 h,the specific surface area and oxygen storage capacity of the corresponding aged sample were 15.42 m^(2)/g and 497.7μmol/g,respectively.In addition,a mechanism was proposed to reveal the effects of co-precipitation temperature on the structure and properties of CZLYs.

Sr-doping effects on La_2O_3 catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane

Density‐functional theory calculations were carried out to study the strontium(Sr)‐doping effect on methane activation over a lanthanum‐oxide(La2O3)catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane(OCM)using the cluster model.Eight Sr‐doped La2O3cluster models were built from pure La2O3clusters that were used previously to model the La2O3catalyst.These form two distinct categories,namely,those without a radical character(LaSrO2(OH),La2SrO4,La3SrO5(OH),and La5SrO8(OH))and those with a radical character(LaSrO3,La2SrO4(OH),La3SrO6,and La5SrO9).The potential‐energy surface for CH4activation to form a CH3radical at different Sr-O and La-O pair sites on these Sr‐doped La2O3clusters was calculated to study the Sr‐doping effect on the OCM catalytic activity.CH4physisorption and chemisorption energies,and activation barriers,and CH3desorption energies were predicted.Compared with the pure La2O3clusters,in general,the Sr‐doped La2O3clusters are thermodynamically and kinetically more reactive with CH4.For the Sr‐doped La2O3clusters without the radical character,the Sr-O pair site is more reactive with CH4than the La-O pair site,although a direct release of the CH3radical is also highly endothermic as in the case of the pure La2O3clusters.In contrast,for the Sr‐doped La2O3clusters with a radical character,the activation of CH4at the oxygen radical site and the release of the CH3radical are much easier.Thus,our calculations suggest that the Sr dopant prompts the OCM catalytic activity of the La2O3catalyst by providing a highly active oxygen‐radical site and by strengthening the basicity of the M-O pair site,which leads to lower CH4activation energies and lower CH3desorption energies.

Growth and Characterization of γ-Nd^(3+): LaSc_3(BO_3)_4 Crystal

A new laser crystal Nd0.05La0.95Sc3(BO3)4 up to 50mm(38mm(7 mm was grown by top-seeded solution growth method from a Li6B4O9 flux. The grown crystal was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Its crystal structure is monoclinic with space group Cc and the unit cell dimensions: a=12.066(5), b=9.864(2), c=7.740(3) ?,β= 105.48(5)(, V=887.8(6)?3, Z=4, Dc=3.81g/cm3, which belongs to low-temperature phase. The optical absorption of the crystal shows that NLSB has a strong absorption band at 807.7 nm, which is suitable for laser-diode pumping.

Preparation and characterization of dense lanthanum-doped bismuth titanate ceramics

In this work, we present an effective way to increase the density of lanthanum-doped bismuth titanate ceramics （Bi4_xLaxTi3Oa2; BLT）. Dense BLT ceramics with formula Bi4LaxTi3012 （when x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0） are prepared by using nanocrystalline powders fabricated by the sol-gel method and high-pressure technique. The thermal decomposition and phase transformation process of the gel precursors are studied by using DTA, infrared spectroscopy （IRS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The micro- structures of BLT ceramics are investigated by using transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The experimental results indicate that the phase compositions of all samples with various La substitutes at 900℃possess the layer-structure of Bi4Ti3012 （BTO）. The green pellets are pressed under 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 GPa, separately. It is found that the density of BLT ceramics is significantly increased due to the decreasing of porosity in the green compacts by the high-pressure process. The samples are sintered at temperatures between 900 and 1100℃and it is found that the optimum sin- tering temperature is 1100℃. Dense BLT ceramics with 90% of their theoretic density have been achieved from the sample prepared at a sintering temperature of 1100℃ for 1.5 h.

Concentration-dependent luminescence properties in Er^(3+)doped TeO_2-ZnO-La_2O_3 glasses

Erbium-doped tellurite-based glasses （Er3＋：TeO2-ZnO-La203） are prepared by the conventional melt-quenching technique, and concentration-dependent luminescence properties of Er3＋ are investigated. A significant spectral broadening of the 1.53 μm fluorescence corresponding to 4113/2 4115/2 transition is observed, and the fluorescence decaying becomes a nearly exponential way with the increasing Er3＊concentration. Radiation trapping is evoked to explain the broadening of 4113/2 4115/2 emission line of Er3＋ ions. The optimum doping content of Er203 for 1.53 μm fluorescence emission is about 1.5 mol%.