Simplified prediction models for acoustic installation effects of train-mounted equipment

Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new trains.For each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer functions.It is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train body.In the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation effects.The model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier model.For equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s functions.The bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field approach.The sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s functions.Results show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with measurements.Modelling uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are evaluated.The largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low receiver.This leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low frequencies.For the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.

Translation Theory and Techniques in Optometry Literature: A Case Study of the “Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”

Translation of specialized documents in optometry presents unique challenges,requiring a deep understanding of the professional context,terminology,and adherence to specific translation styles.This paper delves into the translation theory and techniques employed in the English-to-Chinese translation of the“Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”,serving as a case study.Emphasizing Nida’s theory of functional equivalence,the paper explores the complexities of translating professional optometry literature,focusing on key points and common issues in translating installation and maintenance manuals for optometric devices.Special attention is given to the translation of professional terminology,employing methods such as addition,omission,conversion,and repetition.The translation process aims to meet specific requirements,ensuring accuracy and coherence while aligning with Chinese language conventions.The paper also analyzes translation methods and techniques concerning terminology,prepositions,conjunctions,and handling parallel elements based on practical insights from the Optoform 80 Manual.

Construction Safety Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Projects

Various industries today rely on the support of electromechanical equipment,expanding its scope of application and leading to an increase in electromechanical installation projects.However,due to the high level of expertise required and the potential risks involved,it is crucial to emphasize safety management during construction.This paper delves into the significance of construction safety management for electromechanical installation projects,identifies common problems encountered during construction,and proposes solutions.This analysis aims to provide relevant personnel with essential guidance and references for managing electromechanical installation projects safely.

Construction Engineering,Equipment Installation,Construction Engineering

At present,with the development of society,China’s civil construction equipment installation engineering has many majors,complete catego-ries and high functional requirements.In particular,the installation of the equipment is a large amount of work,with a large number of types of work,with a strong degree of specialization,and also technically complex.In the construction of construction projects in China,the installation of engineer-ing equipment is a key control point of construction safety,and equipment installation has always been a key point that construction enterprises at-tach great importance to.The installation of engineering equipment will not only affect the overall progress of engineering construction,but also affect the quality of the project,therefore,the installation of construction equipment has played a vital role and has attracted increasing attention.Combined with the actual situation of construction enterprises,this paper briefly introduces some problems and solutions existing in the construction of construction enterprises.

Construction Technology of Lightning Protection Devices in Building Electrical Installation Engineering

To better improve the electrical safety of buildings and fulfill the role of lightning protection and grounding,this article combines cases and discusses seven aspects of lightning protection devices’construction technology.These aspects include the lightning protection classification of buildings,air terminals,down conductors,grounding devices,division of lightning protection zones,and lightning electromagnetic pulse shielding.Through the introduction of this article,readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the application and value of lightning protection grounding construction technology in building electrical installation projects.

Dynamic Analysis of A Deep-Water Compliant Vertical Access Riser with A Variable Length During Installation

Compliant vertical access risers(CVAR)have broad application prospects in deep-water oil and gas transportation.However,the mechanical behaviors of the CVAR with a variable length during installation remains unclear.To address this issue,based on the flexible segment method,a model of CVAR with a variable length during installation is established in this study,which is verified by the comparison with commercial software.Then,the mechanical behaviors of CVAR during installation are investigated.The results reveal that the CVAR configuration is significantly affected by the buoyancy blocks.The streamwise displacement of CVAR increases with the increase of current velocity.When the BOP weight is insuffcient,obvious upbending is observed in the lower region and transition region,leading to local compression.When the platform moves in the opposite direction to the current,the maximum stress is larger than that of the scenario when the platform moves in the same direction as the current.

Studies on Suction-Assisted Installation Behavior of Suction Caissons in Clay Under Various Undrained Shear Strengths

Suction caissons are widely used for anchoring floating platform and offshore wind turbines.Penetration of the suction caisson into the desired position under the combination of its self-weight and applied suction resulted from pumping out the encased water is integral to practical engineering.Model tests were carried out to investigate the suctionassisted installation of suction caissons in clay under various undrained shear strengths.It was found that there exists a critical penetration depth value.When the penetration depth is smaller than the critical value,the soil plug undrained shear strength is higher than intact clay(i.e.,clay prior to installation).However,when the penetration depth is greater than the critical penetration depth,the undrained shear strength of soil plug is lower than intact clay.The critical value decreases with the increasing consolidation time and undrained shear strength of clay.During suction-assisted installation,cracks occur around suction caissons.The installation way has little effect on the crack formation.The influence range(i.e.,the maximum distance between the crack and the suction caisson edge)was found to increase with the increasing friction coefficient of interface between the suction caisson wall and soil and decreases with the increasing soil undrained shear strength.In addition,the drained condition of the clay during installation is dominated by the caisson aspect ratio,the undrained shear strength and the friction coefficient between the caisson wall and clay.Equations to estimate the penetration resistance and the required suction to install the suction caisson are summarized.

螺旋桨发动机安装系统动力学设计技术综述

随着螺旋桨发动机安装系统国产化研制进程的加快,需要开展相关的安装系统技术研究,而动力学设计是其中的重要组成部分。本文对比分析了不同结构形式安装系统的动态性能特点,进一步从军民用标准规范和工程实践经验出发,归纳了安装系统动力学设计的技术要求,梳理了安装系统动力学设计技术的发展历程和国内外现状,指出国内外差距主要体现在设计理念、关键技术和应用实践经验等方面。在此基础上,展望了螺旋桨发动机安装系统动力学设计技术的发展趋势,为当前及未来螺旋桨发动机安装系统的设计技术研究提供了参考。

中国新能源产业高质量发展:进展、挑战及对策

大力发展新能源是改善我国能源结构,保障国家能源安全,实现碳达峰碳中和美好愿景的必然选择。一方面,新能源的大规模开发利用,可以有效减少对传统化石能源和进口能源的依赖,降低环境污染和温室气体排放,为经济社会发展提供绿色低碳且可持续的能源支撑。另一方面,新能源产业属于我国新质生产力,代表着科技革命和产业变革的新方向、新趋势。新能源技术的发展和产业链的构建,可以有力地带动装备制造、科技研发、配套服务等相关产业的发展,促进技术创新和产业升级,培育新的经济增长点,对于我国加快产业结构优化升级、增强经济综合竞争力具有重要意义。

基于改进自适应陷波的双馈风电场时变次同步振荡抑制策略

双馈风电场经串补电容并网时,可能引发次同步控制相互作用(subsynchronous control interaction,SSCI),严重威胁系统安全稳定运行。通过在风机控制器中引入陷波器可有效阻断SSCI,然而固定参数陷波器难以适应实际系统中次同步振荡表现出的频率大范围时变特征。为解决这一问题,该文提出一种基于改进自适应陷波(adaptive notch filter,ANF)的双馈风电场时变次同步振荡抑制策略。首先,分析ANF安装于风机转子侧变流器(rotor-side converter,RSC)不同位置时对次同步振荡分量的阻断效果,确定ANF的最佳安装位置;其次,基于紧缩技术近似投影子空间跟踪算法(projection approximation subspace tracking based on the deflation technique,PASTd)在线获取次同步振荡信息,提出总体控制架构,设计基于量测数据辨识的ANF中心频率更新策略;最终,在考虑风速、风机台数、无功出力、电网拓扑变化等多种影响因素的情况下,验证控制策略对频率时变次同步振荡的抑制效果。与现有方法相比,所提控制策略不依赖于系统的准确数学模型,且具备较强的鲁棒性和适应性。

水下控制模块安装工具结构设计与对接精度分析

水下控制模块是水下生产系统的关键部件,针对水下控制模块在水下如何精准、高效、安全地实现回收和再安装工作的问题,本文设计了一种水下控制模块安装工具。对此安装工具进行了机械结构的设计,将安装工具各部分结构在工作过程中的作用进行了介绍。针对安装工具能够顺利完成水下控制模块的安装,基于安装工具各部分结构对接精度关系分析,通过数学建模与仿真分析,得到影响水下控制模块安装精度的原因,设计合理的安装精度参数。将仿真分析得到的数据与设计参数相比较,可证明水下控制模块的结构设计能满足水下控制模块的对接定位精度要求。结果表明:各精度参数满足水下控制模块安装工具设计要求,在此设计参数下安装工具能够完成水下控制模块的精确安装。

意义体验下的西安红色革命文化互动装置设计研究

体验经济时代下,通过文化意义体验创新,使受众在与互动装置互动过程获得情感以及精神层面的意义体验,从而增加文化的认同感。文章分析了文化互动装置与体验设计相关理论以及现状,结合“文化三层次”理论、符号学相关理论,探索了基于意义体验的文化互动装置设计转化方法。通过具体设计实践验证该方法的有效性。基于意义体验的西安红色革命文化互动装置设计研究是以体验设计以及符号学视角来实现文化传播与传承的桥梁,通过文化内涵的挖掘与创意设计转译,为西安红色革命文化的传承提供了新的方向。

星敏感器CMOS电路板靶面自动装调系统

CMOS电路板靶面是星敏感器结构中的关键部分,其安装姿态影响离焦距离的准确性,进而影响星敏感器成像性能。因此,靶面的装调是确保星敏感器成像质量的重要环节。当前,靶面装调主要依靠人工装调完成,存在装调精度低、产品一致性差、周期长等问题,导致产品的良品率较低。为此,研制了一台星敏感器CMOS电路板靶面自动装调设备。采取非接触式测量方式,集成测量模组与微动平台完成CMOS靶面与基准面的相对位姿测量,解决由星敏感器特殊结构造成的狭小空间内高精度测量难题。设计调整机构实现零件任意角度翻转,消除测量方向与装配方向不一致造成系统结构布置复杂的影响。最后,对测量系统进行精度分析,采用局部枚举法开发了调整垫片研磨量算法,解决由平面姿态单一已知量反求多垫片研磨量的欠定问题。实验结果表明:该系统可实现靶面自动装调功能,测量系统的重复性为1.6′,满足技术指标要求。

边墙风机隔振设计探讨

采用大块弹性垫对边墙风机进行隔振设计。基于单自由度系统有阻尼受迫振动的经典解,进一步导出隔振效率与垫板参数的变化关系。分析表明:对于面积为(480×350)mm的SR11垫板,当垫板厚度为48.3mm时,对应预期隔振效率80%。当垫板厚度大于14.05mm,小于48.3mm时,随着厚度的增加,隔振效率急剧上升;当垫板厚度大于48.3mm时,随着厚度的增加,隔振效率上升极平缓;当厚度在48.3mm及其附近取值时,既能取得良好隔振效果,又能降低边墙风机的重心以及产品成本。在各自一定的范围内,垫板面积、静弹性模量、阻尼比越小,隔振效率越大,隔振效果越好。此外,改进了边墙风机的安装设计。在风机底面与墙壁方形开口下表面之间铺设经设计的SR11垫板,允许风机竖向往复微运动,让垫板的隔振性能得以发挥。同时,阻止空气从风机周边缝隙通过。

轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台在宁波曼哈顿大厦项目中的应用

宁波曼哈顿大厦标准层核心筒采用自主研发的轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台,其以刚性桁架结构为主体,顶部整体钢平台可安装集成布料机,并悬挂核心筒墙体模板及4~5层操作平台,通过全作业面防护保障了多作业面穿插作业。介绍了该钢平台安装、运行、拆除施工流程及重难点管理。实践表明,采用该钢平台施工,缩短了主要工序时间,从而有效缩短了核心筒标准层工期。

家电送装一体/送装分离混合模式下的车辆路径问题

结合送装分离模式的灵活性和配送效率,研究家电送装一体和送装分离模式相结合的车辆路径问题,以寻求兼顾客户服务体验和整体送装效率的最优送装路径方案。基于混合整数线性规划方法建立了以送装总成本最小化为目标、带软时间窗的家电送装路径优化模型,并根据模型特点针对性设计了改进的遗传算法进行求解,通过算例验证了所提模型和算法的有效性。最后,结合实例比较了上述混合送装模式相对于送装一体和送装分离模式的优化方案绩效,以期为家电送装路径优化提供辅助决策支持。

自动化生产线工业机器人的装调工艺仿真

在自动化生产线安装调试工作中,工业机器人的装调费时费力且难以迅速满足生产线工艺要求,提出了使用Process Simulate软件对自动化生产线中的工业机器人进行工艺仿真的解决方案。文章介绍了使用Process Simulate软件对自动化生产线中的工业机器人进行工艺仿真的基本方法和过程,从而实现工业机器人装调效率和自动化生产线生产效率的提高。

转子-径隙式水力空化反应器空化性能优化研究

旋转型水力空化反应器因其空化强度大,空化率高,已被广泛应用于杀菌消毒,污水处理等工业领域。文章提出一种弧形转子,通过数值计算分析弧形转子与原转子在不同转速下反应器内部空化性能,分析定子与转子之间的相互作用,研究改变弧形转子叶片入口安装角对反应器内部空化性能的影响。结果表明,在不同转速下,弧形转子均极大提高反应器内部空化强度,提高空化率。转子区域,空化发生于转子叶片吸力面,与低压区相对应;定子区域,转子叶片转过定子盲孔时,对流体进行强剪切,盲孔内部与进出口分离区压力降低涡量增大,发生剪切空化以及涡空化。增大叶片入口安装角度可以极大增加空化强度,提高反应器性能。

深圳LNG应急调峰站取水口设计

根据深圳LNG应急调峰站取水口平面布置,结合其使用功能特点和施工过程,取水口结构采用与护岸同步施工。针对取水口结构尺寸大、质量过大、浮运安装比较困难的问题,进行针对性的结构设计,采取“预制浮坞式+现场二次浇筑”方案,并对不同工况下结构内力进行数值分析。结果表明,该方案能满足设计要求,较好地克服施工过程中遇到的困难,并顺利通过交工验收,达到了节约成本和缩短工期的目的。

砂土中桩靴插桩对临近筒型基础的影响研究

通过物理模型试验和有限元法研究砂土中风电安装船桩靴插桩对临近筒型基础的影响。首先通过物理模型试验,验证有限元模型的合理性,初步确定桩靴在砂土中贯入的影响范围大致在2.5倍桩靴直径。基于有限元CEL方法进一步研究桩靴和筒型基础的净距与桩靴直径之比(S/D)对筒型基础在位稳定性的影响。结果表明:筒型基础的倾斜率、最大竖向位移以及筒壁应力随着S/D的增大而逐渐减小,插桩过程中,靠近桩靴一侧的筒裙和分舱板应力远大于远离桩靴一侧的筒型基础应力,且筒顶的土压力远小于筒底土压力。