The Leisure Style of Men of Letters in the Late Ming Dynasty and Its Social Influence

This paper explored the background of the leisure boom among the literati in the late Ming Dynasty from the aspects of politics, economy, ideology and social environment, and elaborated the leisure styles of the literati in terms of enjoying a sightseeing tour, sampling wine and tea, appreciating and collecting calligraphy and painting works, favoring theatergoing, indulging in dallying with prostitutes, practicing meditation, and building gardens, and analyzed the influence of their leisure styles on the painting and calligraphy art, drama, literary creation, garden construction and other aspects of the society at that time. It is hoped that this paper can provide a deep understanding of social politics, economy, ideology and culture in the late Ming Dynasty and a reference for the development of the current leisure tourism.

Overview of the plague in the late Ming Dynasty and its prevention and control measures

The plague of the late Ming Dynasty(15511644 C.E.)was long lasting,affected a wide range of the population,and had serious consequences.The purpose of this study is to review the medical system in place at the time and the measures instituted to prevent and control the plague during the late Ming Dynasty.Information on the history of the Ming Dynasty(13681644 C.E.),local chronicles,and related research literature were consulted and analyzed in terms of duration,geographical area,and other dimensions of the epidemic.Because of the abnormal climate,wide range of natural disasters,and the impact of war,the epidemic spread over a wide area during the late Ming Dynasty.The government’s epidemic prevention measures were affected by war and other factors,resulting in poor control of the outbreak.However,in terms of the medical system in place during the Ming Dynasty,some of the thinking and methods of prevention and control of the plague were historical and progressive.Some outstanding physicians such as Wu Youke(15821652 C.E.)appeared during this period.His theory of plague prevention and control had a profound influence on the formation and development of pestilence deterrence in later generations.In the late Ming Dynasty,rich experiences and measures of prevention and control were accumulated in the struggle against the plague.These methods and experiences also have a significant,positive guiding influence on the prevention and control of plague in the present day.

SHANGHAI'S FASHION DURING THE LATE QING DYNASTY PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyse Shanghai’s fashion in Late Qing Dynasty (the 1840’s-1911), with an emphasis on the fashionable clothing worn by adult. Three aspects is discussed: the development of as a fashion center, the men’s fashion in Shanghai and the women’s fashion in Shanghai. In these parts, the style, textiles, colour, decoration and combination of clothing are described. Many costumes from museums and private collections as well as some historical writings, paintings and photographs are elucidated to give a description about Shanghai’s fashion looks during that period.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Shanghai has always been a fashion center in China since 1860’s. Shimao was the most important characteristic of clothing. Secondly, fashion of traditional clothing was described as highly stylized, gorgeous, exquisite, miscellaneous, detailed and multicolored. Thirdly, the influence of Western clothing was upwards. It was more obvious in Shanghai than in

Landscape Design of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall in Nanjing from the Perspective of Experience Tourism

Taking a section of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall from Xianhe Gate to Qilin Gate for example, this paper proposed the landscape design from the perspective of experience tourism, highlighted the wal, and took the beautiful environment and rich history and cultures of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall as the essential experience elements, to build cultural recreational corridors with the theme of "experiencing the Ming Dynasty culture", so that visitors will get unforgettable experience, tourism quality, popularity of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall as well as its cultural and educational significance will be further promoted.

Image Style of the Tianping Mountain Landscape in the Ming Dynasty

Starting from the Tianping Mountain theme painting in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, we explore how did the painters and literati in this period shape the image of the Tianping Mountain through their works, thereby reflecting their understanding on many landscapes on the Tianping Mountain. By exploring a series of paintings and poems, we try to analyze the characteristics and cultural connotation of landscape paintings of the Tianping Mountain in the Ming Dynasty, which is conducive to improving position of the Tianping Mountain natural and humanistic landscape in Suzhou.

Investigation of Vegetation Resources on City Wall of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City and Ecological Evaluation of the City Wall

Phyto-groups on 5 remained city wall sections of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City was investigated through on-the-spot survey,99 species of 93 genera,60 families were found,and species of Asteraceae and Poaceae accounted for the largest ratio.Plants on the city wall are characterized by strong drought resistance and precocity,their seeds can grow out of the wall cracks,and roots secrete acidoid and obtain nutrients from wall bricks.Plants on different wall sections are different,and human interventions influence phyto-groups on the city wall greatly.On this basis,it was concluded that plants had negative influence on city wall,especially plant roots destroyed the wall seriously.Corresponding researches were carried out and prevention suggestions proposed to provide scientific support for the protection of ancient city walls in Nanjing City.

Unraveling the Pattern Weaving Technology in Ming Dynasty

The Ming dynasty （1368 - 1644） inherited the lens-standing culture in China, of course including the textile technology. Besides a large amount of sinsle color damask silk, many pattern woven silk including dragon robes, patterned costumes and luxurious silk textiles are found in complicated and colorful pattern woven brocade called zhuang hua. It was prevailed in Ming dynasty when compared with the frequency of the name chuang hua recorded in related historical documents. These pattern silk and brcrade were produced by the advanced pattern weavin8 technology, which was well developed in Ming dynasty. From historical documents of＂Tian gong kai wu＂, Exploitation of the works of nature, there is the detailed description of the draw loom （hua Io ji） which can weave normal patterned textiles. It also indicated that to produce dragon robes needed much more high technique, similar to the hua Io ）i but more complicated and difficult. A big draw loom is found to weave Nanjing Yen brocade today inherits the technolosy to weave zhuang hua brocade. After sorting the historical documents, it is found that some records are coincident with the existed materials, both the silk textiles and weaving technology. With these evidences research and exploration, this dissertatien tries to unravel the pattern weaving technolosy in the Ming dynasty.

Functional Features and Layouts of Yangzhou Residential Gardens in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China: A Case Study of Residential Gardens of Officials, Merchants and Literati

On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials, merchants and literati) for example, analyzed functional features and layouts of the gardens, explored artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of the local residential gardens, so as to provide references for the conservation and construction of historic and cultural cities, design and expression of modern urban livable spaces.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

Research and Discussion on the Stereotyped Writing Criticism Genre during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

In this paper, we conduct research on the stereotyped writing criticism genre during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Eightpart essay writing is a comprehensive strong style, its four topics from the fi ve classics, and its basic form is gradually formed in the evolution of the core imperial examination in China. Review especially on origin, teachers not only with the righteousness that try post poems strategy is so far producing precious examination style also with basic prose. Although some scholars also mentioned as this period literature genre that presents regional features mainly by the local cultural history environment, family relations, economic basis and other factors, but ignores the literature community in the form of the regional literature genre has played important role in the general process. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel ideals on the corresponding issues that will help understand and analyzes the characteristics of stereotyped writing more.

Inventing the Barbarians:The Changing Contexts of Yi in the Late Qing Dynasty

This study analyzes how the meaning of yi(夷,barbarian)was constructed in different historical contexts at the end of the Qing dynasty,which is important for us to reconsider xenophobia and Sino-centrism both in the past and present.Our study combines contextual with intertextual reading methods.It places different materials,including missionaries’works,newspapers,and official documents,in their specific historical contexts and links them to obtain a full picture of this transformation.We argue that yi was invented.Various agents and actors created the connotation of yi to suit their interests.It was transformed by the Qing court from“barbarians”to those who follow Confucianism to justify their rule.Then it was first translated as“foreigners”and later as“barbarians”when Europeans came to China.Our study situates the meaning of yi to help us rethink some of the labels and misconceptions attached to yi and the early missionaries in China.

Rediscovering Mozi ：An Overview of Mozi Editions in the Ming Dynasty

The Dao zang 道藏 edition of Mozi in the Ming Dynasty was a significant step towards its rediscovery.Various editions were published later,showing different interpretations of the Mozi's content.Some editions tried to discover Mozi's moral principles and his views on politics,economy and society.But other editions mostly aimed at making money by providing study materials for people.These early Mozi edtions testify to Mozi's early rediscovery,not only as a master,but also as an economic commodity.

Research and Discussion on the Stereotyped Writing Criticism Genre during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

In this paper, we conduct research on the stereotyped writing criticism genre during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Eightpartessay writing is a comprehensive strong style, its four topics from the fi ve classics, and its basic form is gradually formed in the evolutionof the core imperial examination in China. Review especially on origin, teachers not only with the righteousness that try post poems strategy isso far producing precious examination style also with basic prose. Although some scholars also mentioned as this period literature genre thatpresents regional features mainly by the local cultural history environment, family relations, economic basis and other factors, but ignores theliterature community in the form of the regional literature genre has played important role in the general process. Under this basis, this paperproposes the novel ideals on the corresponding issues that will help understand and analyzes the characteristics of stereotyped writing more.

Wang Kentang—a scholar-physician of the ming dynasty

Wang Kentang (courtesy name:Wang Yutai,1549-1613) was a native of Jintan (in present Jintan County,Jiangsu Province).He was either a Confucian scholar or a famous physician.As a successful candidate in the highest imperial examination,he held a position in the National Academy.He wrote a dozen books,among which two books were most famous,i.e.Standards for Diagnosis and Treatment (Zheng Zhi Zhun Sheng) and Complete Book of Orthodox Ancient and Modern Medical Works (Gu Jin Yi Tong Zheng Mai Quan Shu).They had profound impact on later generations.

On Artistic Dissemination of Image Text in Urban Media of Late Qing Dynasty: Taking Dian-shi Zhai Pictorial (1884-1898) as the Core Research Object

The Dian-shi Zhai Pictorial was founded under the conflict of new and old culture in the late Qing Dynasty.Based on China,it innovates and adjusts the characters and pictures in the pictorial.This pictorial perfectly integrates news and art in the form of artistic dissemination of pictures and texts,and adapts to the needs of the society for news and new knowledge at that time.At the same time,Wu Youru,the editor in chief and main painter of pictorial,reflected some problems in the artistic dissemination of pictures and texts.

Research and Discussion on the Stereotyped Writing Criticism Genre during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

In this paper, we conduct research on the stereotyped writing criticism genre during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Ming and Qing dynasty, especially in middle Qing dynasty literature in almost all areas have made great progress that make the various forms of genre of Chinese classical literature have been into the comprehensive prosperity. The rhythm of the eight-part essay writing features can also be of composition structure shift from above, the inversion analysis of rhythm of the reasonable explanation. Eight-part essays writing have speaking format, the arrangement of each part of the article structure and should be treated according to certain programs. This paper integrates the related result to propose the new idea on the stereotyped writing criticism genre that propose the novel perspective for the related research areas.

A New Inquiry Into the Contents of the Late Qing Dynasty Pictorial News Publication-The Core of “Entertainment Life” in Dianshizhai Pictorial

After the opening of ports in the late Qing Dynasty,Western culture was introduced into China.The local entertainment life presented the phenomenon of the coexistence of the East and the West.A large number of folk entertainment activities were recorded in the Dianshizhai Pictorial which have the function of cultural choice and value dissemination as well as current affairs.This research attempts to use literary analysis and case study to collate the entertainment life in the Dianshizhai Pictorial,combing the characteristics of the late Qing dynasty,and summarizing the value of entertainment in Dianshizhai Pictorial publishing.

Discussion on the privilege system in the laws of the Ming Dynasty

An important guiding thought that ran through the laws of the Ming Dynasty was ＂governing the country according to the corpus juries＂. The founding emperor of Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang found that the laws of the former Yuan Dynasty could not suit the demands of the development of the new situations, so he developed the new statutes. The laws of the Ming Dynasty absorbed the lessons that the Yuan government law and discipline ceased to be binding or become lax, and put forward that the laws must be strict, and abolished the system of the prime minister, showing a high degree of centralization. The laws of the Ming Dynasty had the important influence on the political thoughts in the late feudal society, so the researches on the legal systems in the Ming dynasty have practical significance. This paper briefly expounds the legal privileges of the Ming Dynasty for reference.

Ming Dynasty Eunuchs and Their Temples

IN 1513, construction ofDahui Temple, deep in thewoods of Beijing’s westernoutskirts, was completed,along with a number of othertemples scattered throughout thecity. The Ming EmperorZhengde personally inscribed atablet, and a stele was erected

On Characters in Cities in the Late Qing Dynasty: Taking Dian-shi Zhai Pictorial (1884-1898) as the Core Research Object

Dian-shi Zhai Pictorial(1884-1898)is the earliest and most influential news pictorial in modern China,creating a new form with pictures and text.Taking Dian-shi Zhai Pictorial as the research object,this paper mainly studies how the pictorial uses words to shape the image of characters in cities,especially the image of women,and analyzes the shaping of urban characters’identity,personality,social status,and behavior in different news reports,so as to understand the image of urban characters and civil activities in the late Qing Dynasty.At the same time,the accurate use of words and the attitudes and values contained in pictorial have important reference significance for modern media.