为了解石油烃污染对水域环境中枝角类生长、繁殖和发育的影响,进行了0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞Moina mongolica的急性毒性和慢性毒性试验。结果表明:0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为2.00、0.09 mg/L,安全浓度为5.47×10-5...为了解石油烃污染对水域环境中枝角类生长、繁殖和发育的影响,进行了0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞Moina mongolica的急性毒性和慢性毒性试验。结果表明:0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为2.00、0.09 mg/L,安全浓度为5.47×10-5mg/L;在不同柴油浓度下,蒙古裸腹溞的存活时间、第1次产幼时间及数量、单个母溞的产幼总数及总胎数整体上均呈现出随浓度的升高而减小的趋势;在柴油浓度为0、1×10-5mg/L低浓度试验组中,蒙古裸腹溞的内禀增长率、周限增长率、平均世代时间和净生殖率等指标相对较高,在高浓度试验组中相对较低,整体上这些指标呈现出随柴油浓度的升高而降低的趋势。展开更多
为了预防和消除管线钢在柴油中的腐蚀,采用宏观观察、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪等对浸入不同水含量的0号柴油中的X60管线钢的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:0号柴油可以在X60管线钢表面形成油膜,可增加管线钢的抗腐蚀能力,但水的存在将弱化...为了预防和消除管线钢在柴油中的腐蚀,采用宏观观察、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪等对浸入不同水含量的0号柴油中的X60管线钢的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:0号柴油可以在X60管线钢表面形成油膜,可增加管线钢的抗腐蚀能力,但水的存在将弱化油膜对X60管线钢的保护;当0号柴油中添加0.5 m L/L水,X60管线钢表面出现点蚀,点蚀数量和大小随着含水量增加而增加,也随浸泡时间延长而增加,水参与并控制X60钢的电化学腐蚀,腐蚀产物为黑色的氧化亚铁。展开更多
Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines. To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches...Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines. To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches, nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1, 5 and 10 mg/L. Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range. Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level, the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria （PDB） and heterotrophic bacteria （HB）, and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate. Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L （NO3-N） group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB; while in l mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%, and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients. Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable, lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency （70.5%） compared to 5 mg/L group. Furthermore, it would need more NO3-N （0.371 mg） to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group （0.197 mg）. In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to l and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines.展开更多
文摘为了解石油烃污染对水域环境中枝角类生长、繁殖和发育的影响,进行了0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞Moina mongolica的急性毒性和慢性毒性试验。结果表明:0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为2.00、0.09 mg/L,安全浓度为5.47×10-5mg/L;在不同柴油浓度下,蒙古裸腹溞的存活时间、第1次产幼时间及数量、单个母溞的产幼总数及总胎数整体上均呈现出随浓度的升高而减小的趋势;在柴油浓度为0、1×10-5mg/L低浓度试验组中,蒙古裸腹溞的内禀增长率、周限增长率、平均世代时间和净生殖率等指标相对较高,在高浓度试验组中相对较低,整体上这些指标呈现出随柴油浓度的升高而降低的趋势。
文摘为了预防和消除管线钢在柴油中的腐蚀,采用宏观观察、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪等对浸入不同水含量的0号柴油中的X60管线钢的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:0号柴油可以在X60管线钢表面形成油膜,可增加管线钢的抗腐蚀能力,但水的存在将弱化油膜对X60管线钢的保护;当0号柴油中添加0.5 m L/L水,X60管线钢表面出现点蚀,点蚀数量和大小随着含水量增加而增加,也随浸泡时间延长而增加,水参与并控制X60钢的电化学腐蚀,腐蚀产物为黑色的氧化亚铁。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670399)the Foundation of Ministry of Construction of China(No.06-K-20).
文摘Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines. To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches, nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1, 5 and 10 mg/L. Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range. Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level, the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria （PDB） and heterotrophic bacteria （HB）, and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate. Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L （NO3-N） group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB; while in l mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%, and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients. Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable, lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency （70.5%） compared to 5 mg/L group. Furthermore, it would need more NO3-N （0.371 mg） to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group （0.197 mg）. In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to l and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines.
