Ionic Disorders Observed in Infants with Severe Wasting at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital and the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe wasting at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH) and at Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital (CDG-PTH) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim over the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: It concerned infants aged 6 to 24 months hospitalized at YO-TH and at CDG-PTH from Ouagadougou. We included 271 infants. The mean age of the infants was 14.48 ± 5.44 months with 42.07% which was in the age range of [12 - 18] months. On admission to the hospital, the children had an average weight, height and BMI of 6.22 ± 1.32 kg, 0.73 ± 0.07 m and 11.67 ± 1.53 kg/m2. In urban areas 56.46% of children and the main reasons for consultation were fever (88.19%), vomiting (52.80%) and diarrhea (50.20%). Electrolyte disturbances in emaciated infants affected all 8 parameters of the blood ionogram. However, the major disorders were 65.68% hyponatremia, 55.35% hypobicarbonatemia, 41.33% hypoprotidemia and 32.47% hypokalemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months. We found an association between diarrhea and residence with hypokalemia (p = 0.0000) and hypochloremia (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusion: Severe acute wasting in infants 6 to 24 months of age remains a concern in the hospital setting. The frequency of biochemical disturbances is also high.

浅谈0-6个月婴儿的喂养方式及营养素摄入与生长发育的关系

目的针对0-6个月婴儿在喂养方式和营养素摄入的不同上生长发育所受到的影响展开详细探讨。方法随机选择我院于2015年12月至2016年12月接生的200例0-6月的健康婴儿来展开探讨,以婴儿在4月期间摄入食物的种类对其展开分组:A组为完全母乳喂养,婴儿只摄入水、母乳和鱼肝油;B组为不完全母乳喂养,婴儿摄入母乳以及其他非乳类辅食;C组为混合喂养,婴儿摄入母乳、配方乳和其他辅食;D组为人工喂养,婴儿只摄入配方乳这一种乳制品以及其他辅食。对婴儿从出生、4月、6月时的身长、体重展开记录并对其6月时期的血红蛋白水平进行检测。结果 4月龄时不同喂养方式和婴儿营养素摄入量进行记录后得出不完全母乳喂养的摄入热量、蛋白质、糖类明显比人工喂养和混合喂养的值更低(P<0.05),血红蛋白的水平上人工喂养的方式显著比完全母乳喂养的更高。两组(P<0.05)差异具有统计学意义。单以不同喂养方式对婴儿展开喂养,各时期的身长体重(P>0.05)并没有统计显著差异。结论婴儿的生长发育应该在4月之后对其进行适当的营养素摄入确保其健康成长。

上海某社区0～6月龄婴儿营养性疾病与喂养方式关联性分析

目的:分析上海某社区0~6月龄婴儿营养性疾病与喂养方式关联性,探讨科学合理的喂养方式。方法:收集浦东新区康桥社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊1:823名0~6月龄婴幼儿的体检资料,根据喂养方式分为纯母乳喂养组998名和非纯母乳喂养组825名,对喂养方式与营养性缺铁性贫血(IDA)、肥胖与营养不良的关系进行分析。结果:纯母乳喂养儿发生IDA的比例高于非纯母乳喂养儿(13.23%比6.55%;P<0.01);纯母乳喂养儿肥胖与营养不良的发生比例与非纯母乳喂养儿无明显差别(P<0.05)。结论:纯母乳喂养较易引起0~6月龄婴幼儿的IDA,提示在坚持纯母乳喂养的同时,还需对纯母乳喂养儿采取早期常规补铁的措施。

0～6月龄婴儿营养评估

准确的营养评估是获得营养诊断、进行营养治疗并达到得最佳临床结局的前提。传统的营养评估"ABCDE"方法包括人体测量(A)、实验室检测(B)、临床评估(C)、膳食评估(D)、环境和家庭因素(E)等几个部分,需要由有临床经验的儿科医师或者临床营养师结合上述情况综合判定。0~6月龄婴儿的营养评估,需要结合"ABCDE"方法,依据世界卫生组织生长曲线图进行个体生长曲线纵向变化为重点来进行综合评估,有条件的可以行体成分检测进行精准评价。