Opening up the Economy of Turkey to the Outside World： The Stabilization Decisions of January 24th 1980, Economic Situation in pre and Post January 24th Period

As a result of the fact that the stabilization program put into force in 1978 and 1979 in the Economy of Turkey could not be efficiently implemented due to the political instability and weak governments, a need to draft a new stabilization program emerged. The stabilization program of January 24th, 1980 was prepared in this environment. This is a program which includes the structural transformations in the long term as well as the aims foreseen to be realized in the short term. The program adopted the implementation of significant changes in the structure of the economy and the price mechanism in the market which becomes the only guide as the basic principle. The difference from the previous programs is an economic development program intending to provide a very permanent and structural change in the economy rather than to realize the short-term goals. With the decisions, a large devaluation was implemented, the exchange rate policy and importation were liberated, foreign capital and exportation were encouraged, the subsidies with the exception of energy, fertilizer, and transportation were removed, restrictions were imposed on the support purchases in agricultural products, and the overseas contracting services were supported. There are two structural objectives desired to be performed in the long term, shrinking the public sector and removing the intervention in the markets. The basic philosophy is to decrease the state intervention to the minimum level in the economy and to bring functionality to the market economy and to validate the price mechanism. In this paper, the stabilization decisions in the economy of Turkey belonging to pre- and early post-January 24th period will be comparatively analysed.

Microstructural and mechanical properties of ZA10 alloy tubes and their weld seams prepared by Conform continuous extrusion

In the present work,Zn-10 Al-2 Cu-0.05 Ti(ZA10)alloy tubes with a diameter of 12.5 mm and wall thickness of 1.2 mm were fabricated by one-pass and double-pass Conform continuous extrusion.A stabilizing heat treatment[350℃,30 min(furnace cooling)+120℃,12 h(air cooling)]was also applied to some of the double-pass tubes to improve the quality of their weld seams.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,elongation and expansion ratio of the one-pass continuous extrusion tube were 268.4 MPa,294.3 MPa,13.8%and 5.5%,respectively.Double-pass continuous extrusion improved these values to 278.4 MPa,317.2 MPa,15.4%and 11.4%,respectively.Double-pass tubes also had fewer aggregations of Al-αprecipitates along the welding seam,which improved seam quality and caused cracks to appear in the matrix,away from the weld-affected zone,during expansion testing.Heat-treated double-pass tubes exhibited superior yield strength(283.9 MPa)and ultimate tensile strength(328.5 MPa)but lower elongation(10.2%)and expansion ratios(10.3%).Additionally,the heat-treated tubes exhibited markedly lower elongation at room temperature due to the remarkable blockage of dislocation motions by fine-scale lamellar(α+η)eutectoid structures and a lower size effect when stretched.