A water flow simulation device capable of adjusting flow velocity was designed in flow velocity range of 0–30 cm/s,with which an indoor experiment was conducted to simulate the movement and adhesive behaviors of diff...A water flow simulation device capable of adjusting flow velocity was designed in flow velocity range of 0–30 cm/s,with which an indoor experiment was conducted to simulate the movement and adhesive behaviors of different-sized Apostichopus japonicus under different flow velocities.Observation showed that,in slow flow(~5 cm/s),A.japonicus moved more distance than in still water,and hardly moved in the riptide(~30 cm/s);and the adhesive capacity of A.japonicus was related to the flow velocity and attachment time.A.japonicus were able to attach to the bottom after any attachment time in the slow flow,after 10 s in the medium flow(~15 cm/s),and after 60 s in the riptide(~30 cm/s).In addition,larger A.japonicus were stronger with adhesive ability than smaller ones.The transcriptome data showed that the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A,member 1(TRPA1)in the tube feet was increased significantly in a flowing water,but those in the tentacles and tube feet were not significantly changed.Fluorescence in-situ hybridization results showed that TRPA1 was expressed around the watervascular of tentacles,tube feet,body wall,and spines.Therefore,tube feet were important for sea cucumbers to keep themselves stable in relatively swift flow with adhesion ability.展开更多
TRPA1 are cation channels expressed in sensory neurons and in several other cell types. This channel is specifically activated by ally isothiocyanate (AITC), the pungent component of mustard oil, as well as by other e...TRPA1 are cation channels expressed in sensory neurons and in several other cell types. This channel is specifically activated by ally isothiocyanate (AITC), the pungent component of mustard oil, as well as by other electrophilic compounds. Although TRPA1 expression in central glia has been reported, its subcellular localization and its expression in peripheral glia have not been investigated before. In this paper we report the molecular and functional expression of TRPA1 in rat cortical astrocytes. Real-time RT-PCR identified low but significant amounts of TRPA1 mRNA in cortical astrocytes while no signal was seen in peripheral glia isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or in a glial cell line (DITNC-1). Calcium imaging showed AITC-induced signals in astro-cytes while no response in peripheral glia. AITC induced calcium signals in astrocytes in the presence and in the absence of extracellular calcium, suggesting an intracellular localization of TRPA1 channels. Whole cell electrophysiological recordings were performed in astrocytes, in peripheral glia and in DITNC-1 cells transfected with TRPA1 during AITC application. In TRPA1-transfected DITNC-1 cells typical TRPA1 currents were recorded with a reversal potential near 0 mV, consistent with the opening of a non-selective cation channel. No such currents were recorded in untransfected DITNC-1 cells, in astrocytes and in peripheral glial cells, where even high concentrations of AITC (up to 10 mM) induced no significant outward current. In astrocytes AITC transiently induced an outward rectifying current with the reversal potential near ?90 mV, consistent with K channel activation, likely activated by intracellular release of calcium. Our results suggest that TRPA1 channels are molecularly and functionally expressed in calcium-containing organelles of rat cortical astrocytes, with no expression in the plasma membrane.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD0900800)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.41606171)+1 种基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018SDKJ0502)the Science and Technology Service Network Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJ-STS-ZDTP-55)。
文摘A water flow simulation device capable of adjusting flow velocity was designed in flow velocity range of 0–30 cm/s,with which an indoor experiment was conducted to simulate the movement and adhesive behaviors of different-sized Apostichopus japonicus under different flow velocities.Observation showed that,in slow flow(~5 cm/s),A.japonicus moved more distance than in still water,and hardly moved in the riptide(~30 cm/s);and the adhesive capacity of A.japonicus was related to the flow velocity and attachment time.A.japonicus were able to attach to the bottom after any attachment time in the slow flow,after 10 s in the medium flow(~15 cm/s),and after 60 s in the riptide(~30 cm/s).In addition,larger A.japonicus were stronger with adhesive ability than smaller ones.The transcriptome data showed that the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A,member 1(TRPA1)in the tube feet was increased significantly in a flowing water,but those in the tentacles and tube feet were not significantly changed.Fluorescence in-situ hybridization results showed that TRPA1 was expressed around the watervascular of tentacles,tube feet,body wall,and spines.Therefore,tube feet were important for sea cucumbers to keep themselves stable in relatively swift flow with adhesion ability.
文摘TRPA1 are cation channels expressed in sensory neurons and in several other cell types. This channel is specifically activated by ally isothiocyanate (AITC), the pungent component of mustard oil, as well as by other electrophilic compounds. Although TRPA1 expression in central glia has been reported, its subcellular localization and its expression in peripheral glia have not been investigated before. In this paper we report the molecular and functional expression of TRPA1 in rat cortical astrocytes. Real-time RT-PCR identified low but significant amounts of TRPA1 mRNA in cortical astrocytes while no signal was seen in peripheral glia isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or in a glial cell line (DITNC-1). Calcium imaging showed AITC-induced signals in astro-cytes while no response in peripheral glia. AITC induced calcium signals in astrocytes in the presence and in the absence of extracellular calcium, suggesting an intracellular localization of TRPA1 channels. Whole cell electrophysiological recordings were performed in astrocytes, in peripheral glia and in DITNC-1 cells transfected with TRPA1 during AITC application. In TRPA1-transfected DITNC-1 cells typical TRPA1 currents were recorded with a reversal potential near 0 mV, consistent with the opening of a non-selective cation channel. No such currents were recorded in untransfected DITNC-1 cells, in astrocytes and in peripheral glial cells, where even high concentrations of AITC (up to 10 mM) induced no significant outward current. In astrocytes AITC transiently induced an outward rectifying current with the reversal potential near ?90 mV, consistent with K channel activation, likely activated by intracellular release of calcium. Our results suggest that TRPA1 channels are molecularly and functionally expressed in calcium-containing organelles of rat cortical astrocytes, with no expression in the plasma membrane.
