对2-甲基嘧啶-4,6-二酮(MPO)制备1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)过程中的副产物二硝基甲烷进行了回收,经氢氧化钾水溶液中和制得了性质稳定的长针状晶体二硝基甲烷钾盐(KDNM),用KDNM、甲醛、叔丁胺作原料通过Mannich缩合反应制得了1...对2-甲基嘧啶-4,6-二酮(MPO)制备1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)过程中的副产物二硝基甲烷进行了回收,经氢氧化钾水溶液中和制得了性质稳定的长针状晶体二硝基甲烷钾盐(KDNM),用KDNM、甲醛、叔丁胺作原料通过Mannich缩合反应制得了1,3-二叔丁基-5,5-二硝基六氢嘧啶,通过浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混酸体系硝解1,3-二叔丁基-5,5-二硝基六氢嘧啶制得了1,3,5,5-四硝基六氢嘧啶(DNNC),总产率达到78.9%(以二硝基甲烷钾盐计)。采用1H NMR、红外、质谱对DNNC和中间物的结构进行了表征。研究了p H值、溶剂、温度对Mannich缩合反应的影响以及硝化体系的选择对硝解反应的影响。确立了Mannich缩合反应的最佳工艺条件为:二硝基甲烷钾盐∶甲醛∶叔丁胺的摩尔比为1.0∶3.5∶2.0;10%甲醇水溶液为溶剂,室温下用盐酸调节p H值至8,随后升温至50℃,反应3 h,产率达到85.3%。硝解反应中采用20 m L 98%H_2SO_4与10 m L HNO_3的混酸体系作为硝解体系,产率达到92.5%。展开更多
The adsorption of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （FOX-7） molecule on the AI（I 11） surface was investigated by the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） of density functional theory （DFT）. The calculations ...The adsorption of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （FOX-7） molecule on the AI（I 11） surface was investigated by the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） of density functional theory （DFT）. The calculations employ a supercell （4 × 4 × 2） slab model and three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. The strong attractive forces between oxygen and aluminum atoms induce the N--O bond breaking of the FOX-7. Subsequently, the dissociated oxygen atoms and radical fragment of FOX-7 oxidize the AI surface. The largest adsorption energy is --940.5 kJ/mol. Most of charge transfer is 3.3 le from the A1 surface to the fragment of FOX-7 molecule. We also investi- gated the adsorption and decomposition mechanism of FOX-7 molecule on the AI（111） surface. The activation en- ergy for the dissociation steps of P2 configuration is as large as 428.8 kJ/mol, while activation energies of other configurations are much smaller, in range of 2.4 to 147.7 kJ/mol.展开更多
The constant-volume combustion energy, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, the thermal behavior, and kinetics and mechanism of the exothermic decomposition reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （DADE） have been invest...The constant-volume combustion energy, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, the thermal behavior, and kinetics and mechanism of the exothermic decomposition reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （DADE） have been investigated by a precise rotating bomb calorimeter, TG-DTG, DSC, rapid-scan fourier transform infrared （RSFT-IR） spectroscopy and T-jump/FTIR, respectively. The value of △cHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） was determined as （-8518.09±4.59） j·g^-1. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, and standard enthalpy of formation, △fHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） were calculated to be （-1254.00±0.68） and （- 103.98±0.73） kJ·mol^-1, respectively The kinetic parameters （the apparent activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A） of the first exothermic decomposition reaction in a temperature-programmed mode obtained by Kissinger＇s method and Ozawa＇s method, were Ek=344.35 kJ·mol^-1, AR= 1034.50 S^-1 and Eo=335.32 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The critical temperatures of thermal explosion of DADE were 206.98 and 207.08 ℃ by different methods. Information was obtained on its thermolysis detected by RSFT-IR and T-jump/FTIR.展开更多
文摘对2-甲基嘧啶-4,6-二酮(MPO)制备1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)过程中的副产物二硝基甲烷进行了回收,经氢氧化钾水溶液中和制得了性质稳定的长针状晶体二硝基甲烷钾盐(KDNM),用KDNM、甲醛、叔丁胺作原料通过Mannich缩合反应制得了1,3-二叔丁基-5,5-二硝基六氢嘧啶,通过浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混酸体系硝解1,3-二叔丁基-5,5-二硝基六氢嘧啶制得了1,3,5,5-四硝基六氢嘧啶(DNNC),总产率达到78.9%(以二硝基甲烷钾盐计)。采用1H NMR、红外、质谱对DNNC和中间物的结构进行了表征。研究了p H值、溶剂、温度对Mannich缩合反应的影响以及硝化体系的选择对硝解反应的影响。确立了Mannich缩合反应的最佳工艺条件为:二硝基甲烷钾盐∶甲醛∶叔丁胺的摩尔比为1.0∶3.5∶2.0;10%甲醇水溶液为溶剂,室温下用盐酸调节p H值至8,随后升温至50℃,反应3 h,产率达到85.3%。硝解反应中采用20 m L 98%H_2SO_4与10 m L HNO_3的混酸体系作为硝解体系,产率达到92.5%。
文摘The adsorption of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （FOX-7） molecule on the AI（I 11） surface was investigated by the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） of density functional theory （DFT）. The calculations employ a supercell （4 × 4 × 2） slab model and three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. The strong attractive forces between oxygen and aluminum atoms induce the N--O bond breaking of the FOX-7. Subsequently, the dissociated oxygen atoms and radical fragment of FOX-7 oxidize the AI surface. The largest adsorption energy is --940.5 kJ/mol. Most of charge transfer is 3.3 le from the A1 surface to the fragment of FOX-7 molecule. We also investi- gated the adsorption and decomposition mechanism of FOX-7 molecule on the AI（111） surface. The activation en- ergy for the dissociation steps of P2 configuration is as large as 428.8 kJ/mol, while activation energies of other configurations are much smaller, in range of 2.4 to 147.7 kJ/mol.
文摘The constant-volume combustion energy, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, the thermal behavior, and kinetics and mechanism of the exothermic decomposition reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （DADE） have been investigated by a precise rotating bomb calorimeter, TG-DTG, DSC, rapid-scan fourier transform infrared （RSFT-IR） spectroscopy and T-jump/FTIR, respectively. The value of △cHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） was determined as （-8518.09±4.59） j·g^-1. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, and standard enthalpy of formation, △fHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） were calculated to be （-1254.00±0.68） and （- 103.98±0.73） kJ·mol^-1, respectively The kinetic parameters （the apparent activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A） of the first exothermic decomposition reaction in a temperature-programmed mode obtained by Kissinger＇s method and Ozawa＇s method, were Ek=344.35 kJ·mol^-1, AR= 1034.50 S^-1 and Eo=335.32 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The critical temperatures of thermal explosion of DADE were 206.98 and 207.08 ℃ by different methods. Information was obtained on its thermolysis detected by RSFT-IR and T-jump/FTIR.
