Enhanced Response of Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells to Low-dose Cytarabine by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Low-dose cytarabine combined with differentiating or DNA hypomethylating agents,such as vitamin D compounds,is a potential regimen to treat acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients who are unfit for high-intensity chemotherapy.The present study aimed to determine which subset of AML would be most responsive to low-dose cytarabine with the differentiating agent 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-D3).Here,firstly,c Bio Portal database was used and we found out that vitamin D receptor(VDR)was highly expressed in acute monocytic leukemia(M5)and high VDR expression was associated with a poor survival of AML patients.Then,we confirmed that 1,25-D3 at clinical available concentration could induce more significant differentiation in acute monocytic leukemia cell lines(U937,MOLM-13,THP-1)and blasts from M5 patients than in non-monocytic cell lines(KG1 a and K562)and blasts from M2 patient.Finally,it was shown that the combination of 1,25-D3 and low-dose cytarabine further increased the differentiating rate,growth inhibition and G0/G1 arrest,while mild changes were found in the apoptosis in acute monocytic leukemia cell lines.Our study demonstrates that the enhanced response of acute monocytic leukemia cells to low-dose cytarabine by 1,25-D3 might indicate a novel therapeutic direction for patients with acute monocytic leukemia,especially for elderly and frail ones.

Synthesis of an optically active intermediate for A-ring of 19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

An optically active intermediate 5 for A-ring of 19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 2 has been synthesized in five steps, starting from readily available, inexpensive v（＋）-xylose 6 with good yield.

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on preventing allograft from acute rejection following rat orthotoic liver transplantation

AIM: To study the mechanism and the preventive role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in acute rejection following orthotopic liver transplantation.METHODS: Rats were randomly divided as donors or recipients for orthotopic liver allotransplantation model. Four groups were designed in the study, Group Ⅰ: syngenic control (Wistar to Wistar); Group Ⅱ: acute rejection (SD to Wistar);Group Ⅲ: acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A, and Group Ⅳ: acute rejection treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3. Liver function, rejection activity index and mRNA of IFN-γ, IL-10intragraft in recipients were measured on day t, 5, 7, 15,30 posttransplant for assessing graft function, severity of acute rejection and immune state of recipients.RESULTS: Survival time of recipients in Group Ⅳ was significantly prolonged (4/6 recipients survived for over 100days. vs Group Ⅱ, P＜0.001; vs Group Ⅲ, P＞0.05). After treatment with 1,25-(OH)2 D3, mean value of all the assay tested on each experimental time was compared, liver function in group Ⅳ was significantly improved (AST 127±41U/L-360±104 U/L, BIL 13±5 mmol/1-38±11 mmol/l; vs Group Ⅱ, P＜0.05; vs Group Ⅲ, P＞0.05. Rejection activity index was significantly decreased (0-3.3±1.6; vsGroup Ⅱ, P＜0.05;vsGroup Ⅲ, P＞0.05). Level of hepatic IFN-γ, mRNA in group Ⅳ was decreased, while level of hepatic IL-10 mRNA was increased (vs Group Ⅱ, P＜0.05; vs Group Ⅲ, P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that 1,25-(OH)2D3induced the secretion of cytokine toward to Th2 type, which would alleviate acute rejection, protect liver function and prolong survival of recipient after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mast cells tryptase in asthmatic guinea pigs

Objective:To explore the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the mast cell tryptase(MCT) in asthmatic guinea pigs.Methods:A total of 60 male or female healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group(group A),asthmatic group(group B).and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 group(group C),with 20 cases in each group.To establish asthmatic guinea pig models,1ml peanut oil was tilled into stomach in the morning in group A and group B.and 1 ml peanut oil with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was filled into stomach in group C.Airway resistance(Re) of asthmatic guinea pigs was detected,and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) cells were counted.Lung tissue with HE and MCT immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue and the distribution of MCT.Results:After injection of different concentration of acetylcholine chloride,the Re in group B and group C were increased significantly compared with group A(P<0.05):compared with group B.the Re in group C were decreased significantly(t=-5.385.-5.761.-6.184.-13.574.P<0.05):the total number of BALF cells and eosinophils were increased significantly in group B and C(t=19.618.9.598.10.854.5.388.P<0.05);compared with group B.the total number of BALF cells and eosinophils in group C was decreased significantly(t=-5.555.-5.392.P<0.05):the number of tryptase positive cells in group B was increased significantly than that in group A(t=21.312,P<0.05),and in addition to the alveolar septum and submucosa,the cells were also distributed around blood vessels and outside the cells:the number of tryptase positive cells in group C was decreased significantly compared with group B.and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.043.P<0.05).Conclusions:After the asthmatic guinea pigs arc treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3,their BALF.Re.infiltration degree of inflammatory cells in the trachea and lung tissue and airway inflammatory reaction are reduced significantly.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a certain inhibiting effect on the activation of mast cells and the release of MCT granules.

Synthesis of 14-epi-19-nor-22-oxa-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3

The synthesis of 14-epi-19-nor-22-oxa-1α,25（OH）2D3 5 was started from diol 8 via Fall＇s method, oxidation, epimerization, protection, coupling with the 19-nor-A-ring 7, and then deprotection of the hydroxyl functions.

慢性肾脏病患者血清STC1、1,25-(OH)2D3与疾病严重程度的关系

目的:检测慢性肾脏病患者血清斯钙素1(STC1)、1,25-羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH)2D3]水平并探究其与疾病严重程度的关系。方法:选取在本院确诊的126例慢性肾脏病患者作为研究对象(研究组),同期在本院体检健康的受试者56例作为对照组。比较不同严重程度患者血清STC1、1,25-(OH)2D3水平,以Pearson相关性分析1,25-(OH)2D3、STC1在慢性肾脏病患者血清中的相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析影响慢性肾脏病患者肾功能重度损害相关因素。结果:研究组血清STC1、BUN、Scr水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),1,25-(OH)2D3水平低于对照组(P<0.05);慢性肾脏病1期、2期、3期、4期、5期患者血清STC1水平依次升高(P<0.05),1,25-(OH)2D3水平依次降低(P<0.05);慢性肾脏病3期、4期、5期BUN、Scr水平逐次升高,且均高于1期、2期(P<0.05)。STC1与BUN、Scr水平均呈正相关(r=0.698、0.702,P<0.01),1,25-(OH)2D3与血清BUN、Scr水平均呈负相关(r=0.698、0.702,P<0.01);STC1、BUN、Scr是影响慢性肾脏病患者肾功能重度损害的危险因素,而1,25-(OH)2D3是慢性肾脏病患者肾功能重度损害的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:慢性肾脏病患者血清STC1表达较高,1,25-(OH)2D3水平呈低表达,与疾病严重程度关系密切,为影响慢性肾脏病疾病严重程度的独立危险因素,且两者呈负相关,可能作为评估慢性肾脏病患者严重程度的有效、潜在指标。

全反式维甲酸和1α,25二羟维生素D_3对肝癌细胞HepG2生长的协同抑制作用

背景与目的:全反式维甲酸(all-transretinoicacid,ATRA)和1α,25二羟维生素D3[1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3,1,25(OH)2D3]已被证实能诱导肿瘤细胞分化,并用于造血系统肿瘤的治疗,但其对实体瘤的影响研究较少。本研究旨在通过单独和联合使用ATRA和1,25(OH)2D3,观察其对肝癌HepG2细胞生长和细胞周期的影响,并探讨其相关机制。方法:HepG2细胞经过不同浓度的ATRA和1,25(OH)2D3单独或联合用药处理后,用MTT法检测细胞抑制率、显微镜观察细胞形态的改变、流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡的变化,同时分别用逆转录多聚酶链反应(reversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction,RT-PCR)及流式细胞仪(flowcytometry,FCM)检测细胞周期负调节基因p21WAF1/CIP1和p27KIP1的mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果:单独使用ATRA或1,25(OH)2D3和联合用药的HepG2细胞生长均受到抑制,并呈浓度和时间依赖关系,其中联合用药组抑制率明显高于单独用药组(P<0.05)。经10nmol/L1,25(OH)2D3及联合用药诱导72h的HepG2细胞G1期细胞占(54.27±3.69)%和(65.64±5.65)%,与对照组[(40.40±1.91)%]相比明显增高(P<0.05),而1μmol/LATRA组的细胞周期与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);同时各实验组均有细胞凋亡产生(P<0.05),并以联合用药组最为显著。RT-PCR显示10nmol/L1,25(OH)2D3和联合用药处理HepG2细胞24h,p21WAF1/CIP1mRNA表达与对照组相比分别增高35%和56%;FCM显示两组细胞的P21WAF1/CIP1和P27KIP1的蛋白表达与对照组相比明显增高(P<0.05),联合用药组更为显著,但经1μmol/LATRA诱导的细胞P21WAF1/CIP1和P27KIP1的蛋白表达未见明显改变。结论:ATRA和1,25(OH)2D3均能够抑制HepG2细胞生长,诱导细胞凋亡,1,25(OH)2D3对细胞周期的影响作用是使细胞阻滞在G1期,其作用机制可能与其上调P21WAF1/CIP1和P27KIP1蛋白的表达有关,当与ATRA联合用药时,能够对HepG2细胞生长产生协同抑制作用。

Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D_3 on Regulatory T Cells in Ovariectomized Mice

Objective To investigate the correlation between regulatory T （Treg） cells and postmenopausal osteoporosis and the antiosteoporotic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] in relation to Treg cells. Methods Fifty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups： the basal control （BAS）, Sham, ovariectomy （OVX）, OVX＋diethylstilbestrol （OVX＋DES）, and OVX＋I,2S（OH）2D3. Tibias were harvested and processed with decalcification for quantitative bone histomorphometry. Femurs were stained by immunohistochemistry to detect Foxp3 protein expression. Spleens were used to detect Treg and Foxp3 gene expression by flow cy：ometry and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Results In comparison with the Sham group, a significant decrease was found in the OV~ group in such indices as trabecular bone volume/tc,tal tissue area （BV/TV）, trabecular number （Tb.N） and trabecular thickness （Tb.Th）. 1,25（OH）2D3 and DES partly prevented the decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th in OVX mice. Treg cell number, Foxp3 mRI~：A expression in spleen and Foxp3 protein expression in femur significantly decreased in the OVX-tr^ated group compared with those in the sham group. 1,25（OH）2D3 and DES significantly increased Treg cell number and Foxp3 expression. Treg cells and Foxp3 gene expression were related to bone histomorphometric parameters. Conclusion The decrease in Treg cell numbers is relevant to the postmenopausal osteoporosis. The antiosteoporosis of 1,25（OH）2D3 is related to regulatory T cells.

1,25(OH)_2D_3合成及代谢酶与大鼠施万细胞关系研究

1,25（OH）2D3作为维生素D3的活性代谢产物,是钙磷代谢及机体免疫调节的重要激素,对中枢神经系统具有保护作用[1-3],给予1,25（OH）2D3可降低多发性硬化的发生[4]。推测其可能对周围神经系统也有保护作用,但目前国内外尚未见相关研究报道。施万细胞作为周围神经胶质细胞,对周围神经具有支持、营养及修复作用。CYP27A1、CYP27B1、CYP24作为1,25（OH）2D3活化和代谢的酶类,与其作用紧密相关,可作为1,25（OH）2D3是否与施万细胞作用的标志。该研究通过探讨施万细胞上CYP27A1、CYP27B1和CYP24基因的表达情况,旨在初步探讨1,25（OH）2D3与施万细胞之间的关系。

1,25-二羟维生素D_3通过PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2信号通路诱导喉癌细胞Hep-2细胞凋亡

目的:研究1,25-二羟维生素D3诱导人喉癌Hep-2细胞凋亡及其对PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2信号通路的影响。方法:用不同剂量(10-8、10-7、10-6 mol/L)1,25-二羟维生素D3处理Hep-2细胞24、48、72 h,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法(MTT)检测Hep-2细胞的增殖情况,计算抑制率。流式细胞术检测Hep-2细胞的凋亡率。Western blot检测用药前后细胞中PI3K、AKT及其磷酸化、Bax和Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平。结果:MTT结果显示,1,25-二羟维生素D3可以抑制Hep-2细胞增殖(P<0.05),1,25-二羟维生素D3浓度为10-6 mol/L抑制率可达30.71%,在上述浓度内随着浓度增加和时间延长,抑制作用逐渐增强,呈时间-剂量依赖性。流式细胞术检测到10-8、10-7、10-6 mol/L 1,25-二羟维生素D3作用48 h后,Hep-2凋亡细胞比例显著增加,凋亡率分别为12.13%、14.05%、16.17%,高于空白对照组的6.82%(P<0.05)。Western blot检测结果显示1,25-二羟维生素D3处理48 h后,Hep-2细胞PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、Bcl-2蛋白表达降低,Bax蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:在一定浓度范围内,1,25-二羟维生素D3(10-6、10-7、10-8mol/L)能够抑制人喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖,呈时间-剂量依赖性,其抑制作用与诱导细胞凋亡有关;1,25-二羟维生素D3可通过影响PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2,从而诱导Hep-2细胞凋亡。

脑微出血患者血浆1,25-（OH）2D3,sLRP1水平与头颅SWI影像学特征的相关性

目的研究脑微出血(cerebral microbleeds,CMBs)患者1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3,1,25-(OH)2D3],可溶性低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(soluble low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1,sLRP1)水平与头颅SWI微出血病灶数量及部位等影像学特征的相关关系。方法连续纳入2017年1月~2019年5月就诊于陕西省人民医院的CMBs患者196例(男性152例,女性44例),正常对照组99例(男性67例,女性32例),采集人口学资料及病史。对两组人群进行血浆1,25-(OH)2D3,sLRP1水平的检查。比较两组间血浆1,25-(OH)2D3和sLRP1水平的差异,并统计CMBs组各检验指标与CMBs病灶数量及部位的相关关系。结果CMBs组患者血浆1,25-(OH)2D3,sLRP1水平均低于对照组(23.32±18.91 mmol/L vs 39.60±18.58 mmol/L;237.96±70.62 ng/ml vs 312.61±62.78 ng/ml),差异均具有统计学意义(t=7.07,-9.24,均P<0.01)。CMBs患者血浆sLRP1水平与脑皮质CMBs病灶数量呈负相关(r=0.239,P=0.001),而与脑深部CMBs病灶数量无明显相关(t=-0.096,P>0.05)。结论CMBs患者的血浆1,25-(OH)2D3,sLRP1水平均低于正常人群。高表达的血浆sLRP1可能对脑皮质CMBs的发生具有一定的保护作用。

早期糖尿病肾病患者1,25-(OH)_2D_3及炎性因子的变化及骨化三醇胶丸的干预作用

目的观察维生素D代谢物1,25-二羟维生素D_3[1,25-(OH)_2D_3]对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者炎性因子TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP水平的影响。方法2型糖尿病患者150例,其中单纯糖尿病患者60例为DM组,早期DN 90例为DN组。DN组再随机分为治疗亚组和对照亚组各45例。对照亚组常规治疗,治疗亚组常规治疗+骨化三醇胶丸,疗程均3个月,比较各组1,25-(OH)_2D_3、24 h尿蛋白定量及相关炎性因子的变化。结果治疗前,DN组1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平低于DM组(P<0.05);TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP,24 h尿蛋白定量、SCr水平均高于DM组(P<0.05);治疗亚组治疗后TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP水平及24 h尿蛋白定量均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平较前升高(P<0.05)。对照亚组与治疗亚组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(11.1】%vs.11.11%,P>0.05)。结论早期DN患者1,25-(OH)_2D_3缺乏,炎性因子水平增高,补充骨化三醇胶丸可以改善炎性反应状态。

1,25(OH)_2D_3干预实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎TH1/TH2细胞失衡的研究

目的观察1,25(OH)2D3对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)大鼠炎症及Th1/Th2细胞的干预效果。方法 48只雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为预防组(n=10),治疗组(n=10),阳性对照组(n=12)和阴性对照组(n=16)。除阴性对照组外,其余大鼠均给予pTG免疫致敏。预防和治疗组每只大鼠使用维生素D35μg/kg.,隔日腹腔注射,分别从建模0～6周和2～8周作干预,阴性对照组和阳性对照组应用花生油作对照。各组大鼠在处死后取甲状腺组织做病理学检查,检测血清自身抗体,及细胞因子的改变。结果阴性对照大鼠的甲状腺结构完整;阳性对照组大鼠甲状腺滤泡结构破坏严重,部分滤泡萎缩或消失,1,25(OH)2D3干预组大鼠甲状腺结构保持较完整,萎缩滤泡减少,淋巴细胞浸润不明显。与阴性对照组相比,预防组其自身抗体及细胞因子水平均无显著性差异;治疗组大鼠血清抗体水平与同时期的阳性对照相比水平明显降低(P<0.05),但较阴性对照明显升高(P<0.05);与阳性对照组相比,治疗组大鼠IFN-γ及IL-12水平显著下降(P<0.05),IL-4和IL-10水平升高(P<0.01)。结论在EAT大鼠建模开始就使用1,25(OH)2D3可使大鼠甲状腺组织保持较完整形态,维持血清抗体及细胞因子正常范围。对EAT大鼠,1,25(OH)2D3有可能减缓病理损害,调整细胞因子的失衡。

1,25-二羟维生素D3对软脂酸诱导的胰岛素抵抗血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的:探讨1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]对软脂酸(PA)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的胰岛素抵抗的影响及其可能作用机制。方法:用含0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9 mmol/L PA的DMEM培养基培养HUVECs,建立胰岛素抵抗内皮细胞模型。分别用0、0.01、0.1、1.0、10、100 nmol/L 1,25(OH)2D3干预,硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐荧光试剂盒测定NO含量,Western blot法测定pAkt及peNOS蛋白的表达,qPCR法测定VDR、ET-1的表达。结果:0.6 mmol/L的PA培养HUVECs 18 h后,培养液中的葡萄糖浓度耗减显著低于对照组,细胞活力降低,胰岛素抵抗的内皮细胞模型建立。PA干预后NO含量较对照组HUVECs减少(P<0.05),1 nmol/L 1,25(OH)2D3干预胰岛素抵抗的内皮细胞后NO含量增加,在1 min时NO量达最大值。1 nmol/L浓度1,25(OH)2D3干预胰岛素抵抗的内皮细胞后peNOS及pAkt的蛋白表达量明显增加(P<0.05),ET-1的mRNA表达水平明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:1,25(OH)2D3增加PA诱导的胰岛素抵抗血管内皮细胞peNOS、pAkt的表达,增加NO产生,降低ET-1的表达,可能对胰岛素抵抗的血管内皮细胞存在一定的保护作用。

1,25（OH）2D3干预糖尿病肾病模型大鼠肾脏组织MicroRNA-130b及转化生长因子β1的变化

背景:1,25(OH)2D3在糖尿病肾病的发展过程中发挥着重要调节作用。目的:探索1,25(OH)2D3对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏组织MicroRNA-130b及转化生长因子β1表达的影响作用。方法:实验方案经新疆医科大学动物实验中心动物实验伦理委员会批准。将25只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)2D3组、糖尿病肾病+花生油组,后2组分别给予骨化三醇(即1,25(OH)2D3,活性维生素D3)0.03μg/(kg?d)治疗、花生油对照处理。37 d后采集标本,以实时聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、Western blot及免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肾脏组织转化生长因子β1的表达;RT-PCR检测MicroRNA-130b的表达;采用苏木精-伊红及Masson染色对大鼠肾脏形态结构及纤维化程度进行分析。结果与结论:①RT-PCR结果显示,糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)2D3组及糖尿病肾病+花生油组MicroRNA-130b的表达明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)2D3组明显高于糖尿病肾病+花生油组(P<0.01);②RT-PCR、Western blot、免疫组织化学及病理结果显示,糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)2D3组及糖尿病肾病+花生油组转化生长因子β1 mRNA和蛋白的表达、大鼠肾脏组织结构紊乱及纤维化程度明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),糖尿病肾病+1,25(OH)2D3组明显低于糖尿病肾病+花生油组(P<0.01);③结果说明,糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏MicroRNA-130b表达水平下降,转化生长因子β1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平升高,肾脏组织结构紊乱及纤维化程度严重;1,25(OH)2D3可上调糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏MicroRNA-130b的表达水平,同时还可下调糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子β1的表达水平,改善肾脏组织结构紊乱及纤维化程度。

1,25-二羟维生素D_3对严重烫伤小鼠应激反应的影响

目的探讨1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH)2VitD3]对严重烫伤小鼠应激状态下胰岛素抵抗和炎症反应的影响。方法 130只小鼠按随机数字表法分为健康组10只,实验组Ⅰ、实验组Ⅱ、对照组各40只。实验组Ⅰ、实验组Ⅱ和对照组制成30%全身体表面积(TBSA)Ⅲ度烫伤模型。每隔1日晨8时,实验组Ⅰ小鼠1,25-(OH)2VitD31μg·kg-1+0.6 mL花生油灌胃;实验组Ⅱ1,25-(OH)2VitD34μg·kg-1+0.6 mL花生油灌胃;对照组0.6 mL花生油灌胃。分别于伤后1、3、7、14 d测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α浓度和创面组织核因子(NF)-κB阳性率。结果 (1)实验组Ⅰ、实验组Ⅱ和对照组各时点胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血清TNF-α水平和创面组织NF-κB表达阳性率均数均高于健康组水平。(2)实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ伤后同一时点HOMA-IR均低于对照组,且实验组Ⅱ低于实验组Ⅰ(P<0.05);同一组内不同时点伤后第3天HOMA-IR均数最高,以后逐渐降低(P<0.05)。(3)实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ伤后同一时点血清TNF-α水平、创面组织NF-κB表达阳性率均低于对照组,且实验组Ⅱ低于实验组Ⅰ(P<0.05);同一组内不同时点血清TNF-α水平、创面组织NF-κB表达阳性率均逐渐降低(P<0.05)。结论 1,25-(OH)2VitD3能够减轻严重烫伤小鼠应激状态下胰岛素抵抗作用和炎症反应。

1,25-二羟维生素D3通过调节NF-κB和TGF-β1/Smad通路减轻小鼠非酒精型脂肪性肝炎和肝纤维化

目的:观察脂肪性肝炎肝纤维化小鼠肝组织NF-κB和TGF-β1/Smad通路的变化以及1,25-二羟维生素D3对其干预作用。方法:将32只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为空白对照组、蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏(MCD)组、VitD3处理组和hemin处理组。通过饲喂蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏的食物8周诱导脂肪性肝炎和肝纤维化。用ELISA法检测TGF-β1的变化,用real-time PCR和Western blot方法检测NF-κB和Smad通路中关键分子表达的变化。结果:1,25-二羟维生素D3和hemin的处理减轻了肝脏的损伤,并且抑制了炎症和纤维化相关基因IKK-β、NF-κB、TGF-β1和Smad3的表达,上调了纤维化抑制基因Smad7的表达。结论:NF-κB和TGF-β1/Smad通路参与了非酒精型脂肪性肝炎和肝纤维化的发展,1,25-二羟维生素D3能够通过调节NF-κB和TGF-β1/Smad信号通路减轻肝损伤。

1,25(OH)_2D_3抑制肝星状细胞激活和调控Th细胞分化治疗肝纤维化

目的明确1,25-二羟基维生素D_3[1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3,1,25(OH)_2D_3]对肝纤维化的治疗作用及其作用机制。方法病理学检查和肝功能血生化检查评估肝纤维化程度;免疫组化检测α-SMA、TGF-β和collagen I表达观察肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSC)激活水平;流式细胞实验、ELISA、RT-PCR等衡量1,25(OH)_2D_3对CD4+T细胞亚群分化的影响。结果与肝纤维化模型组相比,1,25(OH)_2D_3治疗组肝细胞状态明显恢复。肝纤维化小鼠肝脏中collagen I、TGF-β和α-SMA表达明显增多(P<0.05),1,25(OH)_2D_3治疗后表达明显下降(P<0.05)。1,25(OH)_2D_3治疗后Th1细胞和Th17细胞比例降低(P<0.05)、Th2细胞比例增加(P<0.05)。1,25(OH)_2D_3治疗组小鼠的IFNγ、IL-17A和IL-22因子浓度水平较肝纤维化小鼠明显降低,IL-4浓度升高(P<0.01);RORγt和T-bet表达量降低,GATA3表达升高(P<0.01)。结论 1,25(OH)_2D_3通过降低肝星状细胞激活水平以及调控肝纤维化中Th细胞的分化减轻肝纤维化。

1,25(OH)_2D_3对甲状旁腺素诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化和TGF-β_1的表达的影响

目的:探讨1,25(OH)2D3对甲状旁腺素(PTH)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响。方法:人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2细胞)培养在含50 mL/L FCS的DMEM/F12培养液中。对照组:加入等体积含50 mL/L FCS的DMEM/F12培养液;PTH刺激组:加入终浓度为10-10 mol/L PTH的含50 mL/L FCS的DMEM/F12培养液;PTH+1,25(OH)2D3干预组:加入10-10 mol/L PTH,同时加入不同浓度(10-10、10-9、10-8、10-7 mol/L)的1,25(OH)2D3。刺激HK-2细胞48 h。半定量RT-PCR法检测细胞中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和TGF-β1的基因表达;Western blot法检测细胞中α-SMA和TGF-β1的蛋白表达;免疫细胞化学法检测细胞中α-SMA的表达;ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1的含量。结果:半定量RT-PCR结果显示,对照组HK-2细胞中几乎无α-SMA的mRNA表达,仅有少量的TGF-β1 mRNA表达;PTH刺激组α-SMA和TGF-β1mRNA表达量与对照组比较明显增加;PTH+1,25(OH)2D3干预组表达量比PTH刺激组显著降低,且随着1,25(OH)2D3浓度的升高呈一定的剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示,对照组HK-2细胞中无α-SMA的蛋白表达,仅有少量的TGF-β1蛋白表达;10-10 mol/L的PTH能够明显诱导HK-2细胞中α-SMA的蛋白表达,增加TGF-β1的蛋白表达量;PTH+1,25(OH)2D3干预组,α-SMA和TGF-β1的蛋白表达量比PTH刺激组显著降低(P<0.05)。免疫细胞化学法结果显示,对照组几乎无α-SMA阳性表达的细胞,PTH刺激组可见大量细胞α-SMA表达阳性;PTH+1,25(OH)2D3干预组α-SMA表达阳性的细胞数明显低于PTH刺激组(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,对照组细胞上清液中可检测到少量的TGF-β1,PTH刺激组含量显著升高,PTH+1,25(OH)2D3干预组与PTH刺激组比较含量明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:1,25(OH)2D3能够部分拮抗PTH诱导的HK-2细胞转分化和TGF-β1的表达。

1,25(OH)2D3抑制Th17途径对中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病的调节作用

1,25-双羟维生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]是维生素D3主要代谢产物,其与细胞内的维生素D受体(VDR)结合发挥生物学效应。1,25(OH)2D3主要调节钙磷水平,具有免疫调节功能,能抑制多种自身免疫性疾病。但免疫调节机制复杂,目前的研究结论不一致。本文从1,25(OH)2D3抑制Th17细胞相关细胞因子途径探讨其对中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病的免疫调节作用。