Metformin alleviates spinal cord injury by inhibiting nerve cell ferroptosis through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression

Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury models.Heme oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox homeostasis.Metformin is a classic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes that can inhibit ferroptosis.Previous studies have shown that,when used to treat cardiovascular and digestive system diseases,metformin can also upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression.Therefore,we hypothesized that heme oxygenase-1 plays a significant role in mediating the beneficial effects of metformin on neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.To test this,we first performed a bioinformatics analysis based on the GEO database and found that heme oxygenase-1 was upregulated in the lesion of rats with spinal cord injury.Next,we confirmed this finding in a rat model of T9 spinal cord compression injury that exhibited spinal cord nerve cell ferroptosis.Continuous intraperitoneal injection of metformin for 14 days was found to both upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression and reduce neuronal ferroptosis in rats with spinal cord injury.Subsequently,we used a lentivirus vector to knock down heme oxygenase-1 expression in the spinal cord,and found that this significantly reduced the effect of metformin on ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.Taken together,these findings suggest that metformin inhibits neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and that this effect is partially dependent on upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.

Small extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate spinal cord injury via miR-146a-5p-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization

Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment options.Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles(SEVs)secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)help mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transplantation following spinal cord injury.Strikingly,hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs(HSEVs)exhibit increased therapeutic potency.We thus explored the role of HSEVs in macrophage immune regulation after spinal cord injury in rats and their significance in spinal cord repair.SEVs or HSEVs were isolated from bone marrow MSC supernatants by density gradient ultracentrifugation.HSEV administration to rats via tail vein injection after spinal cord injury reduced the lesion area and attenuated spinal cord inflammation.HSEVs regulate macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro.Micro RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of SEVs and HSEVs revealed that mi R-146a-5p is a potent mediator of macrophage polarization that targets interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1.Reducing mi R-146a-5p expression in HSEVs partially attenuated macrophage polarization.Our data suggest that HSEVs attenuate spinal cord inflammation and injury in rats by transporting mi R-146a-5p,which alters macrophage polarization.This study provides new insights into the application of HSEVs as a therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury.

Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 inhibits ferroptosis following spinal cord injury by regulating heme oxygenase-1

Interfering with the ferroptosis pathway is a new strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury.Fibroblast growth factor 21 can inhibit ferro ptosis and promote neurofunctional recovery,while heme oxygenase-1 is a regulator of iron and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.The relationship between heme oxygenase-1and ferroptosis remains controve rsial.In this study,we used a spinal co rd injury rat model to show that the levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in spinal co rd tissue decreased after spinal cord injury.In addition,there was a significant aggravation of ferroptosis and a rapid increase in heme oxygenase-1 expression after spinal cord injury.Furthe r,heme oxygenase-1 aggravated fe rroptosis after spinal cord injury,while fibroblast growth factor 21 inhibited fe rroptosis by downregulating heme oxygenase-1.Thus,the activation of fibroblast growth factor 21 may provide a potential treatment for spinal co rd injury.These findings could provide a new potential mechanistic explanation for fibroblast growth factor 21 in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

MicroRNA-451 from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy via Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway to Attenuate Burn-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.

1×1钢丝帘线的开发与性能探讨

开发1×1钢丝帘线,并研究其性能。结果表明:采用校直器校直和加捻反扭两种工艺均可以得到符合设计要求的1×1钢丝帘线,校直器校直的钢丝帘线残余扭转更稳定,而加捻反扭的钢丝帘线直线性更好;在材料确定的情况下,1×1钢丝帘线的弯曲刚度和低负荷伸长率主要与直径相关,而与强度关系不大;在1500 MPa试验压力下,1×0.30ST钢丝帘线的亨特疲劳性能比2×0.30ST钢丝帘线更好。

IL-1β通过激活ERK1/2信号通路抑制人脐带间充质干细胞CD200表达抑制巨噬细胞M2极化

目的探究白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)调控人脐带间充质干细胞CD200表达及其对巨噬细胞极化的影响及作用机制。方法无血清培养基分离培养获得人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC),形态学观察及流式细胞术检测CD73、CD90、CD105、CD14、CD34、CD45、人类白细胞抗原DR(HLA-DR)的表达,确定间充质干细胞属性;20 ng/mL IL-1β处理hUC-MSC 24 h,流式细胞术检测CD200阳性细胞率,实时定量PCR和Western blot法检测CD200 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;佛波酯(PMA)诱导THP-1巨噬细胞活化,并与IL-1β处理感染CD200过表达慢病毒的hUC-MSC共培养,流式细胞术检测CD11c和CD206阳性细胞比例;IL-1β联合细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)特异性抑制剂PD98059处理hUC-MSC,Western blot法检测细胞丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号分子与CD200的表达。结果IL-1β显著下调hUC-MSC CD200蛋白表达与CD200阳性细胞率;过表达CD200显著上调hUC-MSC CD200表达,且CD200过表达hUC-MSC提高巨噬细胞CD206阳性细胞比率;IL-1β激活hUC-MSC的ERK1/2信号通路,PD98059上调IL-1β处理后hUC-MSC中CD200的蛋白表达。结论IL-1β通过激活ERK1/2信号通路抑制CD200的表达,进而抑制hUC-MSC对巨噬细胞向M2型极化的促进作用。

miR-146a-3p抑制胰岛素样生长因子1表达调控星形胶质细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡

背景:mi R-146a-3p水平改变是大多数神经系统疾病发病机制中的常见事件,mi R-146a-3p调节星形胶质细胞的具体机制尚未被研究。目的:验证mi R-146a-3p通过胰岛素样生长因子1调控星形胶质细胞的增殖、迁移和凋亡。方法:将12只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组和脊髓损伤组,每组6只。术后2周对大鼠脊髓组织进行了RNA-Seq测序分析,筛选出差异基因(log2FC>2),同时挑选出Genecards数据库中脊髓损伤相关基因(Score>20),再通过Targetscan预测mi R-146a-3p的靶基因,取这3个基因集交集,筛选出胰岛素样生长因子1为其中一个重要的目的基因。q PCR、Western blot和免疫组化分析脊髓组织中胰岛素样生长因子1的表达水平。将原代星形胶质细胞分为NC组、NC-mimics组和mi R-146a-3p mimics组,用Annexin-V/PI染色法检测细胞凋亡情况、CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况、Transwell法检测细胞的迁移能力。结果与结论:脊髓损伤组大鼠脊髓组织中mi R-146a-3p的表达较假手术组下降(P<0.05),胰岛素样生长因子1的表达较假手术组上升(P<0.05)。与NC组和NC-mimics组比较,mi R-146a-3p mimics组星形胶质细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.01),增殖能力下降(P<0.01),迁移数量减少(P<0.01)。结果表明,脊髓损伤后脊髓组织中mi R-146a-3p表达量下降,胰岛素样生长因子1表达量上升;在星形胶质细胞中mi R-146a-3p靶向调节胰岛素样生长因子1抑制星形胶质细胞的增殖和迁移,促进其凋亡。

1,3-二甲基硫脲在甲基磺酸中对钢的缓蚀作用

采用失重法、电化学法、表面分析测试研究了1,3-二甲基硫脲(DMTU)在甲基磺酸(MSA)中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用。通过实验研究表明,DMTU对钢在0.10 mol·L^(-1) MSA中有明显的抑制腐蚀的作用,在温度达到40℃、DMTU浓度为100 mg·L^(-1)时,其缓蚀率达88.0%。动电位极化曲线表明DMTU是以阳极抑制为主的混合抑制型缓蚀剂,Nyquist图谱的高频容抗弧随着DMTU的浓度增大而明显增大。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)微观形貌以及表面张力和接触角测试证实了DMTU对钢在MSA中的腐蚀产生了明显的抑制作用,缓蚀后钢表面疏水性增强。

美洲大蠊研粉干预脊髓半横断大鼠运动功能和自噬蛋白Beclin-1的表达

背景:脊髓损伤有氧化应激、炎症、凋亡、自噬等机制参与其中,激活自噬可改善脊髓损伤后的神经运动功能,对脊髓起保护作用。目的:探讨美洲大蠊研粉对脊髓半横断损伤大鼠后肢运动功能和损伤区域自噬蛋白Beclin-1的影响。方法:取30只6-8周龄SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为3组,每组10只:假手术组仅打开椎板,暴露脊髓后缝合;生理盐水组与美洲大蠊组均建立左侧脊髓半横断损伤模型,术后第1天开始分别灌胃给予生理盐水与美洲大蠊研粉,连续给药14 d。术后6 h及1,3,7,14 d行BBB评分,观察后肢运动功能的情况;给药14 d后处死大鼠,采用免疫组化染色、Western Blot检测、免疫荧光染色检测脊髓半横断损伤区域自噬蛋白Beclin-1的表达情况。结果与结论:①随着术后时间的延长,生理盐水组、美洲大蠊组大鼠BBB评分逐渐升高;与假手术组比较,生理盐水组、美洲大蠊组术后6 h及1,3,7,14 d的BBB评分均降低(P<0.05);美洲大蠊组术后7,14 d的BBB评分高于生理盐水组(P<0.05);②免疫组化染色显示,假手术组Beclin-1呈弱阳性表达,主要位于胞浆;生理盐水组Beclin-1主要位于胞浆,可见部分核膜表达;美洲大蠊组Beclin-1主要位于胞浆,可见部分核膜表达;生理盐水组、美洲大蠊组Beclin-1阳性细胞比例多于假手术组(P<0.05),美洲大蠊组Beclin-1阳性细胞比例多于生理盐水组(P<0.05);③Western Blot检测与免疫荧光染色显示,生理盐水组、美洲大蠊组Beclin-1蛋白表达高于假手术组(P<0.05),美洲大蠊组Beclin-1蛋白表达高于生理盐水组(P<0.05);④结果表明,美洲大蠊研粉能够改善脊髓半横断损伤大鼠的后肢运动功能,机制可能是美洲大蠊研粉中的多糖类物质增加了自噬蛋白Beclin-1的表达。

声带癌前病变组织中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1、果蝇母亲DDP同源物4表达水平与术后复发和恶变的相关性研究

目的探讨声带癌前病变组织中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1,TIMP-1)、果蝇母亲DDP同源物4(drosophila mothers against DDP homolog 4,Smad4)表达水平与术后复发和恶变的相关性。方法回顾性分析2018年8月~2021年8月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的162例声带癌前病变患者的临床和病理资料,收集手术切除癌前病变组织(癌前病变组)及病变旁正常黏膜组织(对照组),采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中TIMP-1、Smad4表达情况。分析TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率与临床病理特征的关系,并采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox回归分析法分析其对术后复发和恶变的影响。结果与对照组正常黏膜组织比较,癌前病变组的TIMP-1阳性率较高,Smad4阳性率较低(P<0.05)。不同病变范围、是否累及前连合、不同程度上皮异常增生患者的TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率存在差异(P<0.05)。术后随访时间24~60个月,中位随访时间36个月,随访期间失访患者6例,随访率96.30%(156/162),随访期间术后复发35例(21.60%),术后恶变16例(9.88%);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,TIMP-1阳性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于TIMP-1阴性患者(P<0.05);Smad4阴性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于Smad4阳性患者(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,喉咽反流、病变范围>1/2、中/重度异型增生、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05),年龄>60岁、累及前连合、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是恶变的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论声带癌前病变组织中TIMP-1高表达、Smad4低表达,且TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性表达者术后复发和恶变风险较高。

脐带来源间充质干细胞抑制巨噬细胞M1极化

目的:探究人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)对巨噬细胞M1/M2极化的作用。方法:将hUC-MSCs与佛波酯(PMA)诱导分化的巨噬细胞样细胞(pTHP-1巨噬细胞)共培养后进行转录组测序分析,筛选差异表达基因,进一步进行GO及KEGG富集分析。细胞增殖实验(CCK-8和EdU)分析hUC-MSCs对pTHP-1细胞增殖的影响。流式细胞术检测hUC-MSCs对LPS刺激的pTHP-1巨噬细胞炎症因子TNF-α表达及抑炎因子IL-10表达的影响。qRT-PCR及流式细胞术探究hUC-MSCs对pTHP-1巨噬细胞M1/M2相关分子表型的作用。结果:转录组测序数据分析发现hUC-MSCs与pTHP-1细胞共培养后M1相关基因TNF-α(P<0.05)、HLA-DRA(P<0.01)明显下调,M2相关基因ARG1(P<0.05)明显上调,提示hUC-MSCs抑制巨噬细胞向M1表型极化。GO和KEGG富集分析提示这些表达失调的基因参与调控炎症与免疫应答。hUC-MSCs抑制pTHP-1巨噬细胞增殖,且抑制TNF-α表达(P<0.001),促进IL-10表达(P<0.001)。qRT-PCR及流式细胞术分析发现,hUC-MSCs共培养后,pTHP-1细胞HLA-DRA(P<0.05)和CD68(P<0.01)mRNA表达明显下调,且CD14+CD11c+M1型细胞比例下调,而CD163(P<0.001)和CD206(P<0.001)mRNA表达及CD14+CD163+M2型细胞比例明显上调。结论:hUC-MSCs体外抑制巨噬细胞向M1促炎表型极化,诱导向M2抗炎表型极化。

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase family member 14 promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through regulating microglia M1/M2 polarization via STAT1/6 pathway

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase family member 14(PARP14),which is an intracellular mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase,has been reported to promote post-stroke functional recovery,but its role in spinal cord injury(SCI)remains unclear.To investigate this,a T10 spinal cord contusion model was established in C57BL/6 mice,and immediately after the injury PARP14 shRNA-carrying lentivirus was injected 1 mm from the injury site to silence PARP14 expression.We found that PARP14 was up-regulated in the injured spinal cord and that lentivirus-mediated downregulation of PARP14 aggravated functional impairment after injury,accompanied by obvious neuronal apoptosis,severe neuroinflammation,and slight bone loss.Furthermore,PARP14 levels were elevated in microglia after SCI,PARP14 knockdown activated microglia in the spinal cord and promoted a shift from M2-polarized microglia(anti-inflammatory phenotype)to M1-polarized microglia(pro-inflammatory phenotype)that may have been mediated by the signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT)1/6 pathway.Next,microglia M1 and M2 polarization were induced in vitro using lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γand interleukin-4,respectively.The results showed that PARP14 knockdown promoted microglia M1 polarization,accompanied by activation of the STAT1 pathway.In addition,PARP14 overexpression made microglia more prone to M2 polarization and further activated the STAT6 pathway.In conclusion,these findings suggest that PARP14 may improve functional recovery after SCI by regulating the phenotypic transformation of microglia via the STAT1/6 pathway.

基于TGF-β通路考察BMP4/FBN1对脊髓室管膜瘤增殖侵袭性的影响

目的基于TGF-β通路考察BMP4/FBN1对脊髓室管膜瘤(SCE)增殖侵袭性的影响及其相关机制。方法收集SCE患者肿瘤组织,同时收集正常组织作为对照,分为对照组、病例组。利用SCE患者肿瘤组织培养肿瘤细胞,并用携带FBN1 shRNA,BMP4 shRNA的慢病毒基因敲除FBN1或BMP4蛋白的表达。通过qRT-PCR和Western Blot检测肿瘤组织样本中FBN1和BMP4基因和蛋白表达水平。在BMP4低表达和FBN1低表达肿瘤细胞中通过qRT-PCR检测TGF-β基因表达水平;同时通过CCK-8细胞增殖实验与Transwell侵袭实验进一步检测敲低FBN1或BMP4蛋白的表达对肿瘤细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响。结果与对照组相比,病例组BMP4和FBN1基因表达量升高(分别为P<0.05,P<0.01),蛋白表达量也升高(P<0.01);敲低FBN或BMP4蛋白不仅可下调SCE细胞中TGF-β基因的表达(分别为P<0.05、P<0.01),同时抑制了SCE细胞的增殖与侵袭能力(分别为P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论本研究基于TGF-β通路,考察关键分子BMP4/FBN1对SCE增殖侵袭性的影响,提示FBN1、BMP4与TGF-β之间可能存在相互作用,为临床治疗罕见病SCE提供可用的理论基础。

Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients:a rare occurrence?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of ALS.Although superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation.In this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS.The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.

南海流花11-1油田二次开发工程方案及关键技术

流花11-1油田区域水深约300~330 m,油田于1996年投产,采用水下设施+半潜式平台+FPSO方式开发,但由于设施老化,面临进入退役状态。考虑该油田还有较大的开发潜力,以经济有效开发为目标,对流花11-1油田二次开发方案开展了详细研究,确定了深水导管架平台+圆筒型FPSO的开发模式;针对南海最深水导管架(“海基二号”)、首次应用的圆筒型FPSO(“海葵一号”)设计建造面临的问题展开了系统研究,形成了深水导管架平台设计、420 MPa级高强钢应用与平台建造安装以及圆筒型FPSO的主尺度确定、舱室设计、系泊方案、外输方案等多项关键技术;为进一步降低投资,对流花4-1油田回接管缆利旧可行性及方案进行了研究。新技术应用推动了流花11-1油田的二次开发,对南海深水油田开发,尤其是边际油田开发具有较强借鉴意义。

Brain and spinal cord trauma:what we know about the therapeutic potential of insulin growth factor 1 gene therapy

Although little attention has been paid to cognitive and emotional dysfunctions observed in patients after spinal co rd injury,several reports have described impairments in cognitive abilities.Our group also has contributed significantly to the study of cognitive impairments in a rat model of spinal co rd injury.These findings are very significant because they demonstrate that cognitive and mood deficits are not induced by lifestyle changes,drugs of abuse,and combined medication.They are related to changes in brain structures involved in cognition and emotion,such as the hippocampus.Chronic spinal cord injury decreases neurogenesis,enhances glial reactivity leading to hippocampal neuroinflammation,and trigge rs cognitive deficits.These brain distal abnormalities are recently called te rtiary damage.Given that there is no treatment for Tertiary Damage,insulin growth factor 1 gene therapy emerges as a good candidate.Insulin growth factor 1 gene thera py recove rs neurogenesis and induces the polarization from pro-inflammato ry towards anti-inflammatory microglial phenotypes,which represents a potential strategy to treat the neuroinflammation that supports te rtiary damage.Insulin growth factor 1 gene therapy can be extended to other central nervous system pathologies such as traumatic brain injury where the neuroinflammatory component is crucial.Insulin growth factor 1 gene therapy could emerge as a new therapeutic strategy for treating traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.

High-intensity swimming alleviates nociception and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of chronic postischemia pain by activating the resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis in the spinal cord

Physical exe rcise effectively alleviates chronic pain associated with complex regional pain syndrome type-Ⅰ.However,the mechanism of exe rcise-induced analgesia has not been clarified.Recent studies have shown that the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 promotes relief of pathologic pain by binding to chemerin receptor 23 in the nervous system.However,whether the resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis is involved in exercise-induced analgesia in complex regional pain syndrome type-Ⅰ has not been demonstrated.In the present study,a mouse model of chronic post-ischemia pain was established to mimic complex regional pain syndrome type-Ⅰ and subjected to an intervention involving swimming at different intensities.Chronic pain was reduced only in mice that engaged in high-intensity swimming.The resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis was clearly downregulated in the spinal cord of mice with chronic pain,while high-intensity swimming restored expression of resolvin E1 and chemerin receptor 23.Finally,shRNA-mediated silencing of chemerin receptor 23in the spinal cord reve rsed the analgesic effect of high-intensity swimming exercise on chronic post-ischemic pain and the anti-inflammato ry pola rization of microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.These findings suggest that high-intensity swimming can decrease chronic pain via the endogenous resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis in the spinal cord.

Heat shock factor 1 promotes neurite outgrowth and suppresses inflammation in the severed spinal cord of geckos

The low intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and an injury-induced inhibitory milieu are major contributo rs to the failure of sensory and motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF1),a master regulator of the heat shock response,plays neurogenetic and neuroprotective roles in the damaged or diseased central nervous system.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In the present study,we used a gecko model of spontaneous nerve regeneration to investigate the potential roles of gecko HSF1(gHSF1) in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and inflammatory inhibition of macrophages following spinal cord injury.gHSF1 expression in neurons and microglia at the lesion site increased dramatically immediately after tail amputation.gHSF1 ove rexpression in gecko primary neuro ns significantly promoted axonal growth by suppressing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3,and fa cilitated neuro nal survival via activation of the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways.Furthermore,gHSF1 efficiently inhibited the macrophagemediated inflammatory response by inactivating 1kappa B-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling.Our findings show that HSF1 plays dual roles in promoting axonal regrowth and inhibiting leukocyte inflammation,and provide new avenues of investigation for promoting spinal co rd injury repair in mammals.

Oscillating field stimulation promotes neurogenesis of neural stem cells through miR-124/Tal1 axis to repair spinal cord injury in rats

Spinal cord injury often leads to severe motor and sensory deficits,and prognosis using the currently available therapies remains poor.Therefore,we aimed to explore a novel therapeutic approach for improving the prognosis of spinal cord injury.In this study,we implanted oscillating field stimulation devices and transplanted neural stem cells into the thoracic region(T9–T10)of rats with a spinal cord contusion.Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scoring revealed that oscillating field stimulation combined with neural stem cells transplantation promoted motor function recovery following spinal cord injury.In addition,we investigated the regulation of oscillating field stimulation on the miR-124/Tal1 axis in neural stem cells.Transfection of lentivirus was performed to investigate the role of Tal1 in neurogenesis of neural stem cells induced by oscillating field stimulation.Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,immunofluorescence and western blotting showed that oscillating field stimulation promoted neurogenesis of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo.Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that oscillating field stimulation combined with neural stem cells transplantation alleviated cavities formation after spinal cord injury.Taking the results together,we concluded that oscillating field stimulation decreased miR-124 expression and increased Tal1 content,thereby promoting the neurogenesis of neural stem cells.The combination of oscillating field stimulation and neural stem cells transplantation improved neurogenesis,and thereby promoted structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.