植物中1⁃脱氧野尻霉素特异性存在的考证

1⁃脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)是桑树中最具有特征性、标志性的生物碱,具有调节糖脂代谢、抗菌、抗病毒等药理活性,是一种极具开发价值的天然活性产物。目前DNJ检测方法主要为柱前衍生高效液相色谱⁃荧光检测法,该方法能够检测到所有与荧光剂结合生成的络合物,但对被检测的物质无法进行定性,往往造成假阳性。通过对桑科植物和已报道含有DNJ的非桑科植物进行检测分析,利用柱前衍生高效液相色谱⁃荧光检测法与高效液相色谱⁃质谱(HPLC⁃MS)检测法相结合,挖掘并考证含有DNJ的植物种类,为DNJ的开发利用提供更广泛的原料素材。检测发现,除了桑树,其他常见桑科植物菠萝蜜、全叶无花果、小叶榕、裂叶无花果、构树、大叶榕、橡皮树、柳叶榕中均不含有DNJ;非桑科植物也只有风信子中含有DNJ;常规桑品种强桑1号的桑叶DNJ含量是风信子叶片DNJ含量的212倍。结果表明,对于植物中DNJ的检测,应先通过HPLC⁃MS进行定性研究,然后再通过柱前衍生高效液相色谱⁃荧光检测法进行定量检测,以避免出现假阳性。

Effects of Nitrogen Amount and Nitrogen Form on 1-deoxynojimycin Content in Mulberry Leaf

[Objective] Effects of nitrogen amount and nitrogen form on 1-deoxynojimycin（DNJ）content in mulberry leaf was explored in order to provide a reference for improving DNJ content in mulberry leaf and its medicinal value.[Method] Effects of nitrogen amount（NO-3-N and NH＋4-N）and nitrogen form（NO-3-N/NH＋4-N）on DNJ content in mulberry leaf were studied by changing nitrogen amount and nitrogen form in water culture solution.[Result] DNJ contents in mulberry leaf both increased at first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen amount,furthermore compared with NH＋4-N,NO-3-N was more beneficial to the accumulation of DNJ;DNJ content in mulberry leaf obviously increased at first and then decreased with the decrease of NO-3-N/NH＋4-N,among them when its rate was 25/75,DNJ content reached the highest.[Conclusion] Proper nitrogen amount and nitrogen form could effectively improve the DNJ content in mulberry leaf.

Enrichment of Edible Fungi to I-deoxynojirimycin in Mulberry Branches

[Objective] This research aimed to explore the enrichment of edible fungi to the DNJ in mulberry branches.[Method] Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） method was used to study the enrichment of 9 varieties of edible fungi to the I-deoxynojirimycin（DNJ） in mulberry branches.[Result] The test edible fungi all could not synthesize DNJ,but Auricularia auricular,Ganoderma lucidum and Hericium erinaceus had enrichment capability to DNJ,and the enrichment was higher in pileus than in stipe.With the increasing proportion of mulberry sawdust in cultivation materials,the contents of DNJ in Ganoderma lucidum and Hericium erinaceus had increased;when the proportion of mulberry sawdust had achieved 50%,the contents of DNJ in the pileus of Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum reached the maximum,which were 0.070 4% and 0.047 2%,respectively;afterwards,the contents of DNJ in the pileus were reduced with the increasing proportion of mulberry sawdust;when the proportion of mulberry sawdust had achieved 80%,the contents of DNJ in the pileus of Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum had decreased to 0.047 4% and 0.032 7%,respectively.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis and reference for the development of edible fungi in mulberry branches with hypoglycemic effects.

Content Variation of Active Components in Mulberry Fruit During Ripening Process

Ten mulberry species were taken as materials to detect contents of DNJ,polysaccharide and flavonoid.The results indicated that the three active components differed significantly upon species.Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1,which are of high contents of active components,were selected as materials to measure contents change of active components in fresh fruits during ripening process after full-bloom stage.The research suggested that DNJ mass fractions of Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 on the 3rd d in full-bloom stage were 0.074 1% and 0.072 5%;DNJ declined gradually with growth of the fruit and DNJ contents in the two cultivars decreased by 49.80% and 58.90% on the 31st d in full-bloom stage,compared with the 3rd d.As mulberry grew,polysaccharide contents in Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were increasing and achieved peaks on the 27th d in full-bloom stage at 9.570% and 10.276%,respectively.For total flavonoids,the contents in Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were both of two peaks on 11th d and 27th d.The mass fractions were 0.313%,0.444%,and 0.264%,0.326%,accordingly.In addition,DNJ contents in ripe seeds of Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were significantly higher than those in fruit,but total flavonoid contents were lower.Polysaccharide was not detected.It can be concluded that mulberry fruits growing for 27 d can be either as excellent food or for medicine.