The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effects of breed, age, different digestion stimulators, and dietary crude protein (CP) level on the activities of proteolytic enzymes in pancreatic tissue and duodenal chym...The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effects of breed, age, different digestion stimulators, and dietary crude protein (CP) level on the activities of proteolytic enzymes in pancreatic tissue and duodenal chymus (in vivo), serum trypsin and α1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) concentrations in meat-type chicks. The study of age dynamics of trypsin and A1PI concentrations was performed on the chicks of hybrid cross “Smena-8”and two parental lines (Plymouth Rock and Cornish) fed standard commercial corn-wheat-SBM diets. Twenty birds per breed were euthanized at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age to obtain blood samples and pancreatic homogenate. Experiments on the effects of different digestion promotors (probiotic, acidifier, phytobiotic, enzymatic preparation) and different CP levels (finisher diet, CP 20%, vs. ground corn, CP 8.5%) were performed on 12 hybrid chicks with fistulated duodenum from 14 to 50 days of age. The following conclusions were made: 1) At 1 day of age high proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue and maximal serum concentrations of trypsin and A1PI were found in both hybrid and parental lines. Since 7 to 35 days of age A1PI concentration was nearly constant, serum trypsin concentration decreased while proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue exhibited undulate increase;2) Proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue was higher in hybrids compared to the parental lines from 7 to 35 days of age (p 0.05);3) Supplementation of diet with exogenous enzymes stimulated the digestion due to the increase in protease activity in duodenal chymus by 9.1% compared to unsupplemented control (p 0.05);4) Proteolytic activity in duodenal chymus significantly responded to the substitution of ground corn for the complete diet by 2-fold decrease while serum trypsin concentration responded by 2.5-fold increase (p 0.001). This fact can indicate that physiological functions of digestive proteases are not confined to the digestive processes.展开更多
本试验通过建立饲粮能量或蛋白质水平与生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数等指标的回归模型,旨在确定5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质的需要量。选取810只遗传背景相同、体重接近、健康状态良好的28日龄大午粉1号商品...本试验通过建立饲粮能量或蛋白质水平与生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数等指标的回归模型,旨在确定5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质的需要量。选取810只遗传背景相同、体重接近、健康状态良好的28日龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡,随机分为9组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只蛋雏鸡。采用3×3双因素试验设计,设定饲粮中能量水平分别为12.42、11.92和11.42 MJ/kg,蛋白质水平分别为18.75%、17.75%和16.75%,共配制9种试验饲粮。试验期为35 d。结果显示:1)随着饲粮能量水平的升高,蛋雏鸡9周龄时胫长、胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量呈上升的趋势,5~9周龄平均日增重呈先下降后上升的趋势。2)随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高,蛋雏鸡9周龄时体重(终末体重)、胸宽以及5~9周龄平均日增重呈先升高后降低的趋势。3)饲粮能量水平与蛋白质水平的互作效应对9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡的胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。4)通过对蛋雏鸡胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量与饲粮能量水平进行二次曲线拟合,得出饲粮适宜能量水平分别为11.420、11.483、11.379 M J/kg,平均值为11.427 M J/kg;通过对9周龄时体重与饲粮蛋白质水平二次曲线拟合,得到饲粮适宜蛋白质水平为17.902%。综合蛋雏鸡体尺指标、生长性能、器官指数和血清生化指标得出,5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡的能量和蛋白质需要量分别为11.427 M J/kg、17.902%。展开更多
In order to investigate the angiogenic effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）, two parts of experiment were performed. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane （CAM） assay was used for in vivo angiogeni...In order to investigate the angiogenic effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）, two parts of experiment were performed. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane （CAM） assay was used for in vivo angiogenic research. The chick embryos were divided into 4 groups： ICAM-1 group （divided into 3 subgroups, Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ） for screening the angiogenic effect of ICAM-1 by adding different concentrations of ICAM-1 （0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/μL） 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup; Anti-ICAM-1 group A （divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ） by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 （1：100, 1：50） 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate the effect of ICAM-1 on the survival of microvessels through observing whether Anti-ICAM-1 could induce involution of the microvessels on CAMs; Anti-ICAM-1 group B （divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ ） by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 （1：100, 1：50） 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 6 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate whether ICAM-1 involved in embryonic angiogenesis through observing the growth of microvessels on CAMs; Control group： ICAM-1 or Anti-ICAM-1 was substituted by PBS 5 μL on the day 10 or day 6 after incubation. Three days later, the CAMs were photographed in vivo, excised, sectioned and the number of microvessels was counted. In ICAM-1 group, there was increased number of microvessels arranged radially with ＂spoked-wheel＂ pattern around the gelatin sponges. The new microvessels growing perpendicularly to gelatin sponges were observed. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in 3 subgroups was higher than that in control group （P〈0.01）, however, there was no significant difference among the 3 subgroups （P〉0.05）. In anti-ICAM-1 group A, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of ICAM-1 group. Few new microvessels were detected in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in subgroup Ⅱ was lower than that in control group （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in the number of the microvessels around the sponges between subgroup I and control group （P〉0.05）. In anti-ICAM-1 group B, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of control grouμ New microvessels were very scarce in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in the 2 subgroups were less than that in control group （P〈0.01）, and there was significant difference between the 2 subgroups （P〈0.05）. It was suggested that ICAM-1 could induce angiogenesis and support the survival of microvessels, and ICAM-1 was involved in embryonic angiogenesis.展开更多
文摘The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effects of breed, age, different digestion stimulators, and dietary crude protein (CP) level on the activities of proteolytic enzymes in pancreatic tissue and duodenal chymus (in vivo), serum trypsin and α1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) concentrations in meat-type chicks. The study of age dynamics of trypsin and A1PI concentrations was performed on the chicks of hybrid cross “Smena-8”and two parental lines (Plymouth Rock and Cornish) fed standard commercial corn-wheat-SBM diets. Twenty birds per breed were euthanized at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age to obtain blood samples and pancreatic homogenate. Experiments on the effects of different digestion promotors (probiotic, acidifier, phytobiotic, enzymatic preparation) and different CP levels (finisher diet, CP 20%, vs. ground corn, CP 8.5%) were performed on 12 hybrid chicks with fistulated duodenum from 14 to 50 days of age. The following conclusions were made: 1) At 1 day of age high proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue and maximal serum concentrations of trypsin and A1PI were found in both hybrid and parental lines. Since 7 to 35 days of age A1PI concentration was nearly constant, serum trypsin concentration decreased while proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue exhibited undulate increase;2) Proteolytic activity in pancreatic tissue was higher in hybrids compared to the parental lines from 7 to 35 days of age (p 0.05);3) Supplementation of diet with exogenous enzymes stimulated the digestion due to the increase in protease activity in duodenal chymus by 9.1% compared to unsupplemented control (p 0.05);4) Proteolytic activity in duodenal chymus significantly responded to the substitution of ground corn for the complete diet by 2-fold decrease while serum trypsin concentration responded by 2.5-fold increase (p 0.001). This fact can indicate that physiological functions of digestive proteases are not confined to the digestive processes.
文摘本试验通过建立饲粮能量或蛋白质水平与生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数等指标的回归模型,旨在确定5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质的需要量。选取810只遗传背景相同、体重接近、健康状态良好的28日龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡,随机分为9组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只蛋雏鸡。采用3×3双因素试验设计,设定饲粮中能量水平分别为12.42、11.92和11.42 MJ/kg,蛋白质水平分别为18.75%、17.75%和16.75%,共配制9种试验饲粮。试验期为35 d。结果显示:1)随着饲粮能量水平的升高,蛋雏鸡9周龄时胫长、胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量呈上升的趋势,5~9周龄平均日增重呈先下降后上升的趋势。2)随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高,蛋雏鸡9周龄时体重(终末体重)、胸宽以及5~9周龄平均日增重呈先升高后降低的趋势。3)饲粮能量水平与蛋白质水平的互作效应对9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡的胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。4)通过对蛋雏鸡胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量与饲粮能量水平进行二次曲线拟合,得出饲粮适宜能量水平分别为11.420、11.483、11.379 M J/kg,平均值为11.427 M J/kg;通过对9周龄时体重与饲粮蛋白质水平二次曲线拟合,得到饲粮适宜蛋白质水平为17.902%。综合蛋雏鸡体尺指标、生长性能、器官指数和血清生化指标得出,5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡的能量和蛋白质需要量分别为11.427 M J/kg、17.902%。
基金This project was supported by a grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30271345).
文摘In order to investigate the angiogenic effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）, two parts of experiment were performed. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane （CAM） assay was used for in vivo angiogenic research. The chick embryos were divided into 4 groups： ICAM-1 group （divided into 3 subgroups, Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ） for screening the angiogenic effect of ICAM-1 by adding different concentrations of ICAM-1 （0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/μL） 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup; Anti-ICAM-1 group A （divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ） by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 （1：100, 1：50） 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate the effect of ICAM-1 on the survival of microvessels through observing whether Anti-ICAM-1 could induce involution of the microvessels on CAMs; Anti-ICAM-1 group B （divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ ） by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 （1：100, 1：50） 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 6 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate whether ICAM-1 involved in embryonic angiogenesis through observing the growth of microvessels on CAMs; Control group： ICAM-1 or Anti-ICAM-1 was substituted by PBS 5 μL on the day 10 or day 6 after incubation. Three days later, the CAMs were photographed in vivo, excised, sectioned and the number of microvessels was counted. In ICAM-1 group, there was increased number of microvessels arranged radially with ＂spoked-wheel＂ pattern around the gelatin sponges. The new microvessels growing perpendicularly to gelatin sponges were observed. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in 3 subgroups was higher than that in control group （P〈0.01）, however, there was no significant difference among the 3 subgroups （P〉0.05）. In anti-ICAM-1 group A, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of ICAM-1 group. Few new microvessels were detected in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in subgroup Ⅱ was lower than that in control group （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in the number of the microvessels around the sponges between subgroup I and control group （P〉0.05）. In anti-ICAM-1 group B, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of control grouμ New microvessels were very scarce in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in the 2 subgroups were less than that in control group （P〈0.01）, and there was significant difference between the 2 subgroups （P〈0.05）. It was suggested that ICAM-1 could induce angiogenesis and support the survival of microvessels, and ICAM-1 was involved in embryonic angiogenesis.
