Phospholipase D antagonist 1-butanol inhibited the mobilization of triacylglycerol during seed germination in Arabidopsis

Storage oil breakdown plays an important role in the life cycle of many plants by providing the carbon skeletons that support seedling growth immediately following germination. 1-Butanol, a specific inhibitor of phospholipase D(PLD)-dependent production of the signalling molecule phosphatidic acid(PA), inhibited Arabidopsis seed germination. N-Acylethanolamines(NAEs), which have been shown to inhibits PLDa1 activity, have no effect on seed germination. However, mobilization profile of triacylglycerols(TAG) that induced by each compound has not been reported. To gain deeper insights into the mode of mobilization of TAG during NAE 12:0 or 1-butanol treatment, we conducted a detailed comparative analysis of the effect of NAE 12:0, DMSO, 1-butanol and tert-butanol on Arabidopsis seed germination and fatty acid composition, tert-butanol and DMSO served as the corresponding controls treatment respectively. Our data show that 1-butanol, but not the inactive tert-butanol isomer, inhibited Arabidopsis seed germination, which is accompanied by a with retardation of the mobilization of triacylglycerols(TAG). In contrast, NAE 12:0 did not affect mobilization of TAG, nor did it significantly delay seed germination as monitored by radicle and cotyledon emergence. 1-Butanol induced RNA degradation in seeds and seedlings. We speculate that the large-scale degradation of RNA under the induction of 1-butanol may lead to abnormal gene expression in genes necessary for seed germination, including the genes needed for the mobilization of oil bodies, and thus cause a delay of seed germination. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time that 1-butanol delays the mobilization of TAG.

Investigation of liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary system(water +1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol or 3-methyl-1-butanol) at different temperatures

In this study, the LLE data of ternary system(water + 1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol) and(water +1,6-diaminohexane + 3-methyl-1-butanol) were measured at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Reliability of the experimental tie-line data was checked by empirical Hand, Othmer-Tobias and Bachman equations. Distribution coefficient(D) and selectivity(S) were calculated in order to investigate capability of the studied organic solvents for 1,6-diaminohexane extraction. The high values of separation factors demonstrated that 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were applicable for this purpose. The experimental data were correlated by nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical(UNIQUAC) models.The percent-root-mean-square deviation(RMSD) values for NRTL and UNIQUAC models were less than 0.15,which indicated that the experimental data have been sufficiently correlated.

Catalytic performance of ternary Mg-Al-Ce oxides for ethanol conversion into 1-butanol in a flow reactor

An investigation of hydrotalcite-derived ternary Mg-Al-Ce oxides as catalysts for vapour phase condensation of ethanol to 1-butanol in a flow reactor under atmospheric pressure was carried out.The Mg-Al-Ce oxide systems with Mg/(Al+Ce)ratio from 1 to 4 were synthesized and characterized by XRD,SEM,NMR,and XPS.The study of acid-base characteristics of the systems with different Mg/(Al+Ce)ratio by NH3/CO_(2)quasi-equilibrium thermal desorption techniques shows that the ratio of the catalyst oxide components(Mg,Al,Ce)can provide acid/base capacity ratio close to 3 for the effectivity of the target process.The highest selectivity 68%is reached over Mg-Al-Ce oxide catalyst with the ratio of Mg/(Al+Ce)=2.

SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-DIPHENYL-1.3,4-DIAZAPHOSPHOLID1N-2-ONE-4-OXIDE BY MANNICH-TYPE REACTION

Phenylurea reacted with dichlorophenylphosphine and aldehydes or ketones by Mannich-type reaction in anhydrous benzene to give five-mem- bered phosphorous heterocyclic compounds.However.derivatives of α-ureidoalkylphosphonic acids were obtained as the reaction performed in glacial acetic acid.

Optical properties for N,N’-bis (lnaphyhly)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum in organic light emitting devices

The optical properties of N,N’-bis (Inaphthyl)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) organic materials used as hole transport and electron transport layers in organic light-emitting devices (OLED) have been investigated. The NPB and Alq3 layers were prepared using thermal evaporation method. The results show that the energy band gap of Alq3 is thickness independence while the energy band gap of NPB decreases with the increasing of sample thickness. For the case of photoluminescence the Alq3 with thickness of 84 nm shows the highest relative intensity peak at 510 nm.

Photo-induced Coupling Reaction of 1,1-Diphenyl-2,2-dicyanoethylene with 10-Methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine

Diphenyl-2, 2-dicyanoethylene reacts with 10-methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine in deaerated acetonitrile under irradiation with l>320 nm to give the coupling product 1, 1-diphenyl-1-(10-methyl-9-acridinyl)-2, 2-dicyanoethane, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallographic, MS and NMR analyses.

Vapor-phase synthesis of N-butylaniline from aniline and 1-butanol over Cu/SiO_2 catalyst

The Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared by incipient wetness method exhibited very high activity and selectivity for the vapor-phase synthesis of N-butylaniline from aniline and 1-butanol. When Cu loading was 0.70 mmol/g-SiO2 and the catalyst precursor was calcined at 500 ℃, 1-butanol conversion reached 99%, and the selectivity of N-butylaniline exceeded 97%.

3-三苯基锗基-1,1-二苯基-1-丁醇类化合物的拉曼光谱和红外光谱研究

我们合成 3 三苯基锗基 1,1 二苯基 1 丙醇及同系物 3 三苯基锗基 1,1 二苯基 1 丁醇 ;3 三苯基锗基 2 甲基 1,1 二苯基 1 丙醇 ,这些化合物都是有机锗类化合物 ,是具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物 3 三苯基锗基 1 二苯基 1 丙醇的类似物 ,它们可能具有生物活性。我们测量了它们的拉曼光谱及红外光谱。经光谱分析 ,指认了主要波数所对应的分子振动。在这三种化合物中 ,Ge—Ph的伸缩振动出现在 10 0 0cm-1(s) ,与饱和碳原子相连接的Ge—C振动分别出现在 5 94 1(w)、5 78 7(w)和 5 99 2cm-1(w)。在红外光谱中 ,苯环中的C=C双键的伸缩振动在 16 0 0cm-1出现较弱的吸收带 ,但此键在拉曼光谱中出现 15 90cm-1左右的峰却很强。指出了区分这三种化合物的Raman特征峰。

R-2-氨基-3-甲基-1,1-二苯基-1-丁醇的合成

R-2-氨基-3-甲基-1,1-二苯基-1-丁醇是一种合成手性催化剂的重要中间体。从原料R-缬氨酸经甲酯化,苄氧羰基保护制得R-2-苄羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酸甲酯,然后与苯基溴化镁反应制得(R)-2-苄氧羰基氨基-3-甲基-1,1-二苯基-1-丁醇。接着在5%Pd/C催化加氢下脱除苄氧羰基得到目标化合物,总收率58%。此制备方法涉及的中间体及目标化合物易于纯化,总收率高且重现性好。

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1,2-Dis(1,3-diphenylpropan-2-yl)disulfane

A novel compound of 1,2-dis（1,3-diphenylpropan-2-yl）disulfane（C30H30S2,Mr=454.27）was synthesized in ethanol with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propanone as raw materials,giving high yield of product（90%）.Its structure was determined by IR,1H NMR,MS,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic,space group C2 with a=18.727（3）,b=6.5179（9）,c=13.7576（18）,β=131.0610（10）o,V=1266.2（3）3,Z=2,Dc=2.136 g/cm3,μ=1.078 mm-1,F（000）=843,R=0.0490 and wR=0.1247 for 3211 observed reflections with I2（I）.X-ray analysis reveals that the molecule is not symmetrical.There exist no classical hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.Moreover,the thermal stability of compound 3 was investigated.

Antioxidant Activity Evaluation in a Series of Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from 1,8-Diaminonaphthalene

From (2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-phenyl, the substitution of OH group in ortho or para position on the phenyl ring, allows us to synthesize the studied compounds. These three compounds have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS). The interest of this work is to review the antioxidant activity of our compounds. The antioxidant activity screening carried out according to FRAP and DPPH methods revealed significant anti-free radical properties for compounds 1 and 2 even at low concentrations. In contrast to the compound 2, compound 3 for which the OH group is substituted in para position has the lowest activity in both cases. Therefore the para position seems to be the least sensitive position to increase the antioxidant activity of this pharmacophore.

Targeting biosignatures of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes comorbid depressive rats: effectiveness of hydroethanolic extract of the whole plant of Ludwigia octovalvis

Background:The prime objective of the current research was to evaluate the whole plant hydroalcoholic extract of Ludwigia octovalvis(HLO)against hyperglycemia,and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats induced with diabetes comorbid depression,diabetes comorbid depression(streptozotocin-nicotinamide+electric footshocks).Methods:2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay of HLO versus ascorbic acid was done.Effects of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day HLO doses versus 25 mg/kg body weight/day metformin was studied through insulin,glucose,superoxide dismutase,lipid peroxidation,catalase,and behavioral assessment(forced swim and open field tests).Results:IC50 values of HLO and ascorbic acid were 33.52 and 27.86μg/mL respectively.Both the HLO doses showed intended results with respect to oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetes comorbid depression rats in comparison to metformin.Open field test showed better results for HLO in diabetes comorbid depression rats.However,hypoglycemic effects,and forced swim test performance of metformin was slightly higher than the 400 mg dose,followed by the 200 mg dose of HLO.Ethyl gallate,gallic acid,β-sitosterol,and quercetin in HLO might resulted in attenuating diabetic as well as depression biomarkers.Conclusion:Inhibition of glucosidase and lipase activity,and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation might be the possible biochemical changes occurred in HLO treated rats.

Morphology Control over the Organic Nanoparticles of 1,3-Diphenyl-5-(9-anthryl)-2-pyrazoline

The organic nanoparticles of a blue-light-emitting molecule,1,3-diphenyl-5-(9-anthryl)-2-pyrazoline,were prepared by reprecipitation method using acetonitrile as the solvent for the molecular precursor. Three morphologies,spherical,doughnut-shaped and cubic,could be observed on the silicon substrate for the nanoparticles by the volume-controlled addition of acetonitrile. The evolution of particle morphology as a function of acetonitrile addition was attributed to the variation of the growth habits of the particles in the different environment. The nanoparticles exhibit the novel photoluminescence spectra as compared to those of monomer and the bulk crystals.

后发酵过程中乙醇对豆豉抗氧化能力的影响

以黄豆为原材料,接种米曲霉制作豆豉,在豆豉后发酵过程中设定了不同乙醇添加量,测定了不同乙醇添加量的豆豉样品清除DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate)及ABTS[2,2-’azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid)]自由基能力、Fe2+螯合能力、还原能力,评价了乙醇对豆豉抗氧化能力的影响。后发酵过程中,豆豉的抗氧化能力持续增大,醇对豆豉的抗氧化能力有影响,发酵相同时间的豆豉,抗氧化能力随乙醇含量的增大而下降。

太白泡沙参中不同分子质量多糖的分级及其抗氧化活性研究

为了考察太白泡沙参中不同分子质量多糖的分布及其抗氧化活性,对太白泡沙参中的总多糖进行分级,并对不同分子质量多糖清除2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl(DPPH)自由基的能力进行了研究.研究结果表明:在所得到的6个多糖组分中,各组分的比例为APK1(842 100)∶APK2(425 800)∶APK3(22 400)∶APK4(12 500)∶APK5(6 500)∶APK6(3 900)=1∶1.4∶2.2∶9.2∶70.6∶23.3(质量比),说明太白泡沙参多糖中分子质量为6 500的组分是主要组分.抗氧化活性试验表明,低分子质量的多糖APK5(6 500)具有很强的清除DPPH自由基的能力,IC50为0.213 mg/mL.这一结果在植物多糖中较为少见,同时佐证太白泡沙参具有多种生物活性.

Synthesis and Solid Phase Extraction Performance Study of NNAL-specific Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Dummy Templates

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers （DMIPs） for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol （NNAL） were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol, 4- （methylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol, and 1-（3-pyridyl）-1,4,-butanediol. The molecular recognition characteristics of the produced polymers were evaluated by X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy （XPS） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. Interactions between NNAL and methacrylic acid should be cooperative hydrogen bonds while the ni- trogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the nitroso group in NNAL are two of the hydrogen-bond acceptors. It was further demonstrated that DMIP synthesized by 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol had the best binding performance by XPS and FT-IR. Then dummy molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （DMISPE） was developed for the determination of the analyte using the hit polymer as the sorbing material. Under optimal conditions, the recovery of NNAL dissolved in standard solution reached 93%. And the investigated polymer exhibited much higher binding of NNAL when nicotine was acted as the competitive molecule. Also the proposed method was applied to the measurement of NNAL spiked in blank urine samples with recoveries ranging from 87.2% to 101.2%.

In vitro antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Enhalus acoroides (L.F.) Royle

Objective:To search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants,the leaf,root and rhizome of Enhalus acoroides(E.acoroides) were screened for the first time for their antioxidant activities.Methods:Samples of leaf,root and rhizome from E.acoroides were tested for total phenolic content,proanthocyanidins and in vitro antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant assay,DPPH assay and FRAP assay.Results:The leaf sample was found to have high levels of phenolic(0.323±0.028 mg TAE/g) and proanthocyanidins(0.570 0±0.000 3 mg TAE/g) when compared to root and rhizome.The leaf samples exhibited higher total antioxidant activity (11.770±0.026 mg Ascorbic acid equivalent/g),higher percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity(25.76±0.04) and higher reducing power(18.060±0.073) in terms of mg GAE/g.In addition, there was a significant correlation between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity (R^2=0.923),DPPH assay(R^2=0.509).FRAP assay(R^2=0.994).Similarly,significant correlation was found between the proanthocyanidin and total antioxidant activity(R^2=0.977),DPPH assay (R^2=0.464) and the FRAP assay(R^2=0.998).Conclusions:These results suggested that E.acoroides have strong antioxidant potential.Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidant agents,which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases.

Towards a green bulk-scale biobutanol from bioethanol upgrading

Biobutanol is attracting increasingly interest as a source of renewable energy and biofuels because of its many advantages over bioethanol that include higher energy density, fuel efficiency, and reduced engine damages. Currently, there is a growing interest in producing biobutanol from bioethanol, in view of the tremendous potential benefits of this transformation for the bulk production of biobutanol in a target specific manner. This perspective paper describes recent progress for the ethanol to butanol process. The different catalysts, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, for ethanol to butanol are outlined and compared, and the key issues and requirements for future developments are highlighted. A major challenge for further development and application of ethanol to butanol process is to find an optimal balance between different catalytic functions and to suppress the formation of side products that has plagued most catalytic bioethanol upgrading systems. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B. V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of a New β-Mercaptoalcohol

In this letter, (R)-1,1-diphenyl-2-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol was synthesized from L-valine and two synthetic routes have been tried.

In vitro anti oxidant activity and acute oral toxicity of Terminalia paniculata bark ethanolic extract on Sprague Dawley rats

Objective:To ensure the safety and evaluate the anti oxidant activity of Terminalia paniculata(T.paniculata)ethanolic extract in Sprague Dawley rats.Methods:The solvent extracts(hexane,ethyl acetate and ethanol)of T.paniculata were subjected to phytochemical analysis and their DPPH radical scavenging activity was assayed.The oral acute toxicity was evaluated using ethanolic extract of T.paniculata.Results:Ethyl acetate and elhanolic extracts showed more phytochemicals,whereas highest DPPH scavenging activity was found in ethanolic extract.In an acute toxicity study,T.paniculata ethanolic extract was orally administered(1000 mg/kg body weight)to rats and observed for72 h for any toxic symptoms and the dose was continued up to 14 d.On the 15th day rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from control and test animals and analyzed for some biochemical parameters.We did not observe any behavioral changes in test groups in comparison with their controls.Also,there were no significant alterations in biochemical,hematological(hemoglobin content and blood cells count)and liver function parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase,serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,total proteins,albumin and bilirubin levels between T.paniculata ethanolic extract treated and normal control groups.Conclusions:Together our results demonstrated that T.paniculala ethanolic possessed potent antioxidant activity and it was safer and non toxic to rats even at higher doses and therefore could be well considered for further investigation for its medicinal and therapeutic efficacy.