Observation of Molybdenum Emission from Impurity-Induced Long-Lived m=1 Mode on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak

We observe the spectra of molybdenum for the first time since the first wall of our experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） was changed mainly to molybdenum tiles. A large amount of molybdenum accumulated in the central plasma where the long-lived m = 1 mode instability bursts is shown. Molybdenum is proved to be the main impurity species observed during the formation and lifetime of impurity-induced long-lived m= 1 mode. This may indicate that a close relationship exists between the high-Z impurity accumulation and the occurrence of long-lived m = 1 mode in EAST plasmas.

EMISSION MSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY OF NiTi SHAPEMEMORY ALLOY

The emission Mssbauer Spectroscopy in cotnbination with transmission electron microscope was used to study NiTi shape memory alloy. The damage and the precipitated phase in NiTi alloy have heen discussed.

EMISSION AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DISPENSER CATHODE COATED WITH RHENIUM

The emission and surface characteristics of a dispenser cathode coated with Re arestudied.It is found that the dispenser cathode coated with Re has both higher current densityand more uniform distribution of emission than the S-type cathode.The Auger images of Bashow that the Ba distribution on the surface of the cathode coated with Re is more uniform thanthat on the surface of the S-type cathode.The analytical results by XPS and low energy AESshow that the Ba on the surface of the cathode coated with Re has stronger metallic propertythan that on the surface of the S type cathode.

VALENCE AND EMISSION OF SAMARIUM IONS IN KMF(M:Mg、Ca)

The SmF_(2.01)was synthesized by reducing SmF_3 in H_2 stream.As it was doped in KM_gF_3 and KCaF_3.there was emission of Sm^(2+) in KMgF_3 but no emission of Sm^(2+) in KCaF_3 was observed.

Optimum fluorescence emission around 1.8μm for LiYF_4 single crystals of various Tm^(3+)-doping concentrations

In this paper, optical spectra of LiYF4 single crystals doped with Tm3＋ ions of various concentrations are reported. The emission intensity at 1.8 ktm first increases with increasing Tm3＋ concentration, and reaches a maximum value when the concentration of Tm3＋ is about 1.28 mol%, then it decreases rapidly as the concentration of Tm3＋ further increases to 3.49 mol%. The emission lifetime at 1.8 p.m also shows a similar tendency to the emission intensity. The maximum lifetime of 1.8 μm is measured to be 17.68 ms for the sample doped with Tm3＋ of 1.28 mol%. The emission cross section of 3F4 level is calculated. The maximum reaches 3.76 × 10 -21 cm2 at 1909 nm. The cross relaxation （3H6, 3H4 →3 F4, 3F4） between Tm3＋ ions and the concentration quenching effect are mainly attributed to the change of emission with Tm3＋ concentration. The largest quantum efficiency between Tm3＋ ions is estimated to be ,-147% from the measured lifetime and calculated radiative lifetime. All the results suggest that the Tm3＋/LiYF4 single crystal may have potential applications in 2 μm mid-infrared lasers.

2.0-μm emission and energy transfer of Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+) co-doped LiYF_4 single crystal excited by 980 nm

Ho3＋/yb3＋ co-doped LiYF4 single crystals with various Yb3＋ concentrations and ,-~ 0.98 mol% Ho3＋ concentration are grown by the Bridgman method under the conditions of taking LiF and YF3 as raw materials and a temperature gradient （40 ~C/cm-50 ~C/cm） for the solid-liquid interface. The luminescent performances of the crystals are investigated through emission spectra, infrared transmittance spectrum, emission cross section, and decay curves under excitation by 980 nm. Compared with the Ho3＋ single-doped LiYF4 crystal, the Ho3＋/yb3＋ co-doped tiYf4 single crystal has an obviously enhanced emission band from 1850 nm to 2150 nm observed when excited by a 980-nm diode laser. The energy transfer from Yb3＋ to Ho3＋ and the optimum fluorescence emission around 2.0 p-m of Ho3＋ ions are investigated. The maximum emission cross section of the above sample at 2.0 p.m is calculated to be 1.08 × 10-20 cm2 for the LiYF4 single crystal of 1-mol% Ho3＋ and 6-mo1% Yb3＋ according to the measured absorption spectrum. The high energy transfer efficiency of 88.9% from Yb3＋ to Ho3＋ ion in the sample co-doped by Ho3＋ （1 mol%） and Yb3＋ （8 tool%） demonstrates that the Yb3＋ ions can efficiently sensitize the Ho3＋ ions.

Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging Observations of m/n=1/1 and Higher Harmonic Modes during Sawtooth Oscillation in ICRF Heating Plasma on EAST

The m/n = 1/1 and its higher harmonic modes are observed in sawtooth oscillations by using the novel high- resolution 2D ECE imaging system on the experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak （EAST）. Higher harmonic modes are appearing for a short time during the crash phase of sawtooth oscillation in lower βp plasma, which is not the preferabie position in the poloidal cross section. These modes generate sharp pressure points on the inversion radius during the crash phase of sawtooth oscillation. Furthermore, reconnection events proceed in two distinctive phases. In the first phase, a small amount of heat is expelled through the weak reconnection while in the second phase the remaining large quantity of heat and particles emerged rapidly from the hot core to the peripheral region of the inversion radius. In addition, these harmonic modes are only found before and after the ICRF pulse, while in the ICRF pulse only the （1,1） mode exists in the sawtooth oscillation.

The effects of Er^(3+) ion concentration on 2.0-μm emission performance in Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+) co-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystal under 800-nm excitation

Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystals doped with ~0.8-mol% Ho^(3+),~1-mol% Tm^(3+),and various Er^(3+) ion concentrations were prepared by a modified Bridgman method.The effects of Er^(3+)ion concentration on 2.0-μm emission excited by an800-nm laser diode were investigated with the help of their spectroscopic properties.The intensity of 2.0-μm emission reached to maximum when the Er^(3+) ion concentration was ~1 mol%.The energy transfer mechanisms between Er^(3+),Ho^(3+),and Tm^(3+) ions were identified from the change of the absorption spectra,the emission spectra,and the measured decay curves.The maximum 2.0-μm emission cross section of the Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)tri-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystal reached 5.26 × 10^(-21) cm^(2).The gain cross section spectra were calculated according to the absorption and emission cross section spectra.The cross section for ~2.0-μm emission became a positive gain once the inversion level of population was reached 30%.The energy transfer efficiency was further increased by 11.81% through the incorporation of Er^(3+) ion into Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+) system estimated from the measured lifetimes of Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)-and Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)single crystals.The present results illustrated that the Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)tri-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystals can be used as promising candidate for 2.0-μm laser.

Ultra-Low Frequency Electromagnetic Emissions Registered during the 21 May 2021 Yangbi <i>M</i>_S6.4 Earthquake in China

Four ULF (0.01 Hz - 20 Hz) electromagnetic stations had been gradually established and put into service from 2010 to 2011 in Zhaotong area, Yunnan province. Two stations of Qiaojia and Yongshan have been running with continuous and high quality recordings and free of influence of solar activities, like magnetic storms. In this investigation, daily recordings from 1 January 2020 to 22 May 2021 have been examined of these both stations. The results show that weak anomalous signals appeared at the beginning of March 2021 with relative low magnitudes of 0.6 nT at Qiaojia station and 0.3 nT at Yongshan station. At the end of this month, the emissions gained an abrupt increase and the amplitudes reached up to 3.8 nT at Qiaojia station and 1.2 nT at Yongsha station. Then, the amplitude decreased to be 0.5 - 1.5 nT and 0.6 - 1.3 nT respectively at both stations but with a high variation frequency in all components. This situation lasted till the Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake happened on May 21, 2021, more than 300 km away from these two ULF observing stations. Totally, the ULF magnetic emissions had been characterized by a synchronous variation in all components at two observing stations.

神东矿区1.5～2.0m煤层自动化开采技术方案研究

根据国内外煤矿自动化开采技术以及我国薄和中厚偏薄煤层开采技术的现状,全面阐述了实现综采工作面自动化的关键技术和途径,在对神东煤炭分公司榆家梁煤矿44305工作面实现综合自动化开采的方案进行研究探索、综合分析的基础上,提出了适合神东矿区1.5～2.0m煤层自动化开采技术方案。

Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)∶Ba_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(3)晶体的生长、光谱和1.5μm激光性能

采用提拉法生长了1.85%Er,23.95%Yb∶Ba_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(3)和1.95%Er,55.73%Yb∶Ba_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(3)两种晶体(式中Er、Yb浓度为原子数分数)。测量并分析了晶体在室温下的吸收系数谱、上转换荧光谱、发射截面谱、增益截面谱和荧光衰减曲线。1.85%Er,23.95%Yb∶Ba_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(3)晶体在峰值荧光波长1537 nm处的发射截面、Er^(3+)的4 I 13/2多重态荧光寿命和Yb^(3+)→Er^(3+)的能量传递效率分别为0.54×10^(-20)cm^(2)、9.9 ms和90%;1.95%Er,55.73%Yb∶Ba_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(3)晶体在峰值荧光波长1537 nm处的发射截面、Er^(3+)的4 I 13/2多重态荧光寿命和Yb^(3+)→Er^(3+)的能量传递效率则分别为0.58×10^(-20)cm^(2)、9.7 ms和93%。基于975 nm半导体激光端面泵浦,在1.85%Er,23.95%Yb∶Ba_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(3)晶体中实现了97 mW最高功率和27.1%斜效率的1567 nm连续激光输出,在1.95%Er,55.73%Yb∶Ba_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(3)晶体中实现了93 mW最高功率和17.1%斜效率的1567 nm连续激光输出。

神东矿区1.5～2.0m煤层自动化开采关键技术研究与实践

结合神华集团神东煤炭分公司榆家梁煤矿44305工作面滚筒采煤机综合自动化开采技术的研究与实践,论述了采煤机记忆割煤技术、液压支架与采煤机联动技术、液压支架与采煤机的远程干预技术、工作面随机成像系统技术、自动化信息通信技术等滚筒采煤机自动化综采工作面开采关键技术要素,对榆家梁煤矿44305工作面实现综合自动化开采的试验效果进行了分析,认为自动化开采技术是先进生产力的代表,是煤炭工业的发展方向,是煤炭工业以信息化带动工业化,以高新技术改造传统生产工艺技术的重要举措,是改善矿工工作环境,减轻劳动强度,实现煤矿安全生产的根本所在,是提高煤矿工效和经济效益的关键。

1.5μm波段多波长Er:Yb:YAl_3(BO_3)_4激光器

采用熔盐法获得了Yb3+和Er3+离子掺杂浓度分别为25和1.1at.%的YAl3(BO3)4晶体。利用970nm半导体激光器作为泵浦源,通过调节其准连续运转的占空比实现了增益介质在不同晶体温度下的激光运转,并分析了不同Er:Yb:YAl3(BO3)4晶体温度对1.5μm波段输出波长的影响。在端面泵浦的平-凹腔中,分别实现了1600、1550、1540、1520nm4种波长的激光运转,其斜率效率分别为21%、6%、17%、15%。当吸收泵浦功率为15.7W时,这4种激光波长的最大准连续输出功率分别达到2.4,0.64,1.5和1.2W。这种输出波长的温度效应有可能成为一种获取1.5μm波段特定应用波长激光的方法。

Motronic M1.5发动机微机控制点火系统的试验研究

通过对Motronic M1.5控制系统的模拟试验研究,测定发动机的各种状态参数对点火提前角的影响,得到了M1.5控制系统对点火提前角的控制规律。

1.5μm InGaAsP/InP P型衬底隐埋新月型(PBC)结构激光器

本文简要报道了P型衬底1.5μm隐埋新月型激光器的制备和特性,激光器在室温下连续工作的典型阈值电流为20mA低的为15mA,发射波长为1.53μm,最高连续工作温度105℃.

大模场Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺锥形微结构光纤1.5μm激光特性

采用全矢量有限元法设计了一种大模场双包层微结构光纤及锥形波导结构。采用复丝拉制方法制备了成分为45Bi_(2)O_(3)-29GeO_(2)-15Ga_(2)O_(3)-10Na_(2)O-1CeO_(2)的大模场双包层微结构光纤,纤芯直径为70μm,内包层的占空比为0.25,模场面积约为3014.8μm^(2)。采用熔融拉锥技术制备了纤芯直径为17.5μm、有效模场面积为206.47μm^(2)的锥形光纤。在980 nm泵浦下研究了微结构光纤及其锥体的激光特性。结果表明,拉锥后微结构光纤的激发光谱中心波长由1550.2 nm向短波漂移至1546.9 nm,而输出激光光束质量因子M^(2)由3.45±0.03显著减少至1.16±0.01。拉锥前后的斜率效率分别达到10.29%和9.70%。研究结果表明,拉锥可有效改善大模场双包层有序微结构光纤的激光输出模式,拉锥后的激光输出具有良好的单模特性。该项技术研究结果为大模场、高功率的激光光纤材料制备提供了新的技术途径。

Low noise,continuous-wave single-frequency 1.5-μm laser generated by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was pumped by a CW single-frequency Nd：YVO4 laser at 1.06μm. The 1.02 W of CW single-frequency signal laser at 1.5 μm was obtained at pump power of 6 W. At the output power of around 0.75 W, the power stability was better than ±l.5% and no mode-hopping was observed in 30 min and frequency stability was better than 8.5 MHz in 1 min. The signal wavelength could be tuned from 1.57 to 1.59 μm by varying the PPLN temperature. The 1.5-μm laser exhibits low noise characteristics, the intensity noise of the laser reaches the shot noise limit （SNL） at an analysis frequency of 4 MHz and the phase noise is less than 1 dB above the SNL at analysis frequencies above 10 MHz.

Q-Switching Pulse Operation in 1.5-μm Region Using Copper Nanoparticles as Saturable Absorber

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser （EDFL） using a copper nanoparticle （CuNP） thin film as the saturable absorber in a ring cavity. A stable Q-switched pulse operation is observed as the CuNP saturable absorber （SA） is introduced in the cavity. The pulse repetition rate of the EDFL is observed to be proportional to the pump power, and is limited to 101.2kHz by the maximum pump power of 113.7mW. On the other hand, the pulse width reduces from 10.19μs to 4.28μs as the pump power is varied from 26.1 mW to 113.7mW. The findings suggest that CuNP SA could be useful as a potential saturable absorber for the development of the robust, compact, efficient and low cost Q-switched fiber laser operating at 1.5-μm region.

1.5 m中心距9000 kN工作阻力掩护式液压支架设计

根据平煤股份十二矿千米埋深综采工作面中厚煤层的具体赋存条件,针对深部开采过程中存在的现有设备支护能力不足、1.75 m中心距设备运输困难、与现有综采设备部配套利用率差,1.5 m中心距掩护式液压支架工作阻力不能超过8000 kN的技术瓶颈等难题进行分析,对液压支架的总体参数、结构特点、液压系统等关键技术进行研究,完成了1.5 m中心距ZY9000/20/40D掩护式液压支架设计,对类似条件支架选型设计、千米埋深综采工作面开采提供了一定的参考。

1.5 μm能见度激光雷达的波长修正模型比较

大气能见度在大气污染监测和保障航空、航海及陆上交通安全等方面具有重要作用。1.5 μm能见度激光雷达具有人眼允许最大曝光功率大,易于实现眼安全,可实现小型化和模块化等优点,适用于人员密集的场所。大气能见度定义为当550 nm准直激光经大气衰减到出射功率的2%或5%时所传输的大气距离,因此当采用1.5 μm激光时,需要进行波长修正。本文总结了现有的几种波长修正模型,并对它们之间的差异进行了分析。为了比较各种模型,研制了1.5 μm能见度激光雷达,并在2014年10月份于安徽合肥进行了连续24小时的能见度观测。通过与前向散射能见度仪进行比较,确认Kim模型与合肥实际情况最为吻合,平均相对误差小于7.8%。