The Ca 2+-binding protein of the EF-hand type,S100B,exerts both intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities.As an intracellular regulator,S100B is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism,transcriptio...The Ca 2+-binding protein of the EF-hand type,S100B,exerts both intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities.As an intracellular regulator,S100B is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism,transcription,protein phosphorylation,cell proliferation,survival,differentiation and motility,and Ca 2+ homeostasis,by interacting with a wide array of proteins(i.e.,enzymes,enzyme substrates,cytoskeletal subunits,scaffold/adaptor proteins,transcription factors,ubiquitin E3 ligases,ion channels) in a restricted number of cell types.As an extracellular signal,S100B engages the pattern recognition receptor,receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE),on immune cells as well as on neuronal,astrocytic and microglial cells,vascular smooth muscle cells,skeletal myoblasts and cardiomyocytes.However,RAGE may not be the sole receptor activated by S100B,the protein being able to enhance bFGF-FGFR1 signaling by interacting with FGFR1-bound bFGF in particular cell types.Moreover,extracellular effects of S100B vary depending on its local concentration.Increasing evidence suggests that at the concentration found in extracellular fluids in normal physiological conditions and locally upon acute tissue injury,which is up to a few nM levels,S100B exerts trophic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system and in skeletal muscle tissue thus participating in tissue homeostasis.The present commentary summarizes results implicating intracellular and extracellular S100B in tissue development,repair and regeneration.展开更多
The purpose of this study is the maintenance of Japan’s economy by labor economics and public finance.I analyze(1)considering differences by gender and employment type by labor economics of applied microeconomics,and...The purpose of this study is the maintenance of Japan’s economy by labor economics and public finance.I analyze(1)considering differences by gender and employment type by labor economics of applied microeconomics,and also(2)considering income,tax and social insurance obligations,and public pension benefits by public finance.1.In Japan,a regular employee has more men than women,and an irregular employee has more women than men.2.Japan’s current significant economic issues are rapidly decreasing population and other.3.All people from 20 years old pay the public pension insurance every month,and all people about from 70 years old can receive public pension benefit every month.4.The average lifespan is 100 years old,and a woman is higher than a man.Using individual data from the Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications'"National Survey of Income and Expenditure",I conducted an analysis on both an annual and lifetime basis of male and female workers from their 20s to 60s who are regular or irregular employees in the labor market.Furthermore,I studied men and women in from their 70s to 100 years old who receive public pension benefits.展开更多
The year 2018 coincides with the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up. Over the past 40 years, China's economic development has made great achievements, which may be regarded as a "miracle&q...The year 2018 coincides with the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up. Over the past 40 years, China's economic development has made great achievements, which may be regarded as a "miracle" of economic development. This economic miracle is reflected in the scale and quality of China's economic development. China's 4-decade economic development has not only brought great changes to Chinese society, but also has a profound impact on the growth and development of the world economy. However, this does not mean that China has found a complete new road to economic development. China needs to correctly view its achievements in the 40-year reform and opening-up, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of economic development in a new era, so as to make a greater contribution to the sustainable development of the world economy.展开更多
In 2012, the sales growth rate of China’s large retail enterprises declined sharply. According to the statistics of China National Commercial Information Center, in 2012, retail sales of the
基金Supported by Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca,No. PRIN 2007LNKSYS,No.2007AWZTHH_004 and No.2009WBFZYM_002Association Fran aise contre les Myopathies,No. Project 12992+1 种基金Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro,No. Project 6021Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia,No. 2007.0218.020,No.2009.020.0021 and No.2012.0241.021
文摘The Ca 2+-binding protein of the EF-hand type,S100B,exerts both intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities.As an intracellular regulator,S100B is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism,transcription,protein phosphorylation,cell proliferation,survival,differentiation and motility,and Ca 2+ homeostasis,by interacting with a wide array of proteins(i.e.,enzymes,enzyme substrates,cytoskeletal subunits,scaffold/adaptor proteins,transcription factors,ubiquitin E3 ligases,ion channels) in a restricted number of cell types.As an extracellular signal,S100B engages the pattern recognition receptor,receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE),on immune cells as well as on neuronal,astrocytic and microglial cells,vascular smooth muscle cells,skeletal myoblasts and cardiomyocytes.However,RAGE may not be the sole receptor activated by S100B,the protein being able to enhance bFGF-FGFR1 signaling by interacting with FGFR1-bound bFGF in particular cell types.Moreover,extracellular effects of S100B vary depending on its local concentration.Increasing evidence suggests that at the concentration found in extracellular fluids in normal physiological conditions and locally upon acute tissue injury,which is up to a few nM levels,S100B exerts trophic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system and in skeletal muscle tissue thus participating in tissue homeostasis.The present commentary summarizes results implicating intracellular and extracellular S100B in tissue development,repair and regeneration.
基金This study is the Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from Japan’s Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology.
文摘The purpose of this study is the maintenance of Japan’s economy by labor economics and public finance.I analyze(1)considering differences by gender and employment type by labor economics of applied microeconomics,and also(2)considering income,tax and social insurance obligations,and public pension benefits by public finance.1.In Japan,a regular employee has more men than women,and an irregular employee has more women than men.2.Japan’s current significant economic issues are rapidly decreasing population and other.3.All people from 20 years old pay the public pension insurance every month,and all people about from 70 years old can receive public pension benefit every month.4.The average lifespan is 100 years old,and a woman is higher than a man.Using individual data from the Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications'"National Survey of Income and Expenditure",I conducted an analysis on both an annual and lifetime basis of male and female workers from their 20s to 60s who are regular or irregular employees in the labor market.Furthermore,I studied men and women in from their 70s to 100 years old who receive public pension benefits.
文摘The year 2018 coincides with the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up. Over the past 40 years, China's economic development has made great achievements, which may be regarded as a "miracle" of economic development. This economic miracle is reflected in the scale and quality of China's economic development. China's 4-decade economic development has not only brought great changes to Chinese society, but also has a profound impact on the growth and development of the world economy. However, this does not mean that China has found a complete new road to economic development. China needs to correctly view its achievements in the 40-year reform and opening-up, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of economic development in a new era, so as to make a greater contribution to the sustainable development of the world economy.
文摘In 2012, the sales growth rate of China’s large retail enterprises declined sharply. According to the statistics of China National Commercial Information Center, in 2012, retail sales of the
