Mapping of qTGW1.1,a Quantitative Trait Locus for 1000-Grain Weight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1000-grain weight （ TGW） is one ot the three component traits ot the grain yiela in rice （Oryza sativa L）. This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qTGWl. 1, a minor QTL for TGW which was previously located in a 3.7-Mb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Five sets of near isogenic lines （NILs） were developed from two BC2F4 populations of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 973/Milyang 46 The NIL sets consisted of two homozygous genotypic groups differing in the regions RM11448-RM11522, RM11448-RM11549, RM1232-RM11615, RM11543-RM11554 and RM11569-RM11621, respectively. Four traits, including TGW, grain length, grain width and heading date, were measured. Phenotypic difference between the two genotypic groups in each NIL population was analyzed using SAS procedure GLM. Significant QTL effects were detected on TGW with the Zhenshan 97 allele increasing grain weight by 0.12 g to 0.14 g and explaining 8.30% to 15.19% of the phenotypic variance. Significant effects were also observed for grain length and width, whereas no significant effect was found for heading date. Based on comparison among the five NILs on the segregating regions and the results of QTL analysis, qTGWl. 1 was delimited to a 376.9-kb region flanked by DNA markers Wn28382 and RMl1554. Our results indicate that the effects of minor QTLs could be steadily detected in a highly isogenic background and suggest that such QTLs could be utilized in the breeding of high-yielding rice varieties.

QTL mapping of grain appearance quality traits and grain weight using a recombinant inbred population in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

supported by a grant from the National High-Tech R＆D Program of China （2014AA10A603, 2014AA10A604）;a grant from the Youth Foundation in Sichuan, China （2011JTD0022）;the special fund for China Agricultural Research System （CARS-01-08）;the Provincial Specialized Funds for Innovation Ability Promotion in Sichuan, China （2013GXJS005）

水稻千粒重和垩白粒率的QTL及其互作分析

产量因子千粒重和稻米品质指标垩白粒率密切相关。本研究以越光/Kasalath//越光BIL群体为材料,分析千粒重和垩白粒率的相关性、QTL、上位性互作及其与环境的互作效应。相关分析表明,群体千粒重和垩白粒率在2005年和2006年均呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.42和0.35(P<0.001)。2年共检测到千粒重QTL11个,其中5个在2年重复检测到,5个具有环境互作效应;千粒重上位性互作8对,7对与环境存在互作。垩白粒率QTL6个,3个具有环境互作效应;上位性互作9对,其中4对具有上位性环境互作效应。比较分析发现3个主效QTL同时控制千粒重和垩白粒率的表现,千粒重和垩白粒率的增效等位基因来自同一亲本;1对上位性互作同时对千粒重和垩白粒率有相同的影响。一些与垩白粒率不相关的千粒重主效QTL,如qTGW-3c、qTGW-4a和qTGW-6b,可为育种所利用。对利用QTL定位结果进行千粒重和垩白粒率分子辅助选择育种进行了探讨。

水、旱稻千粒重和产量QTL效应的验证

【目的】验证水稻和旱稻千粒重、单株产量QTL定位的真实性、准确性及其表型效应。【方法】(1)利用水、旱稻杂交、回交所产生的BC1、F23个分离群体对重组自交系(RIL)群体定位到的千粒重、单株产量的QTL效应进行选择验证。(2)依据千粒重、单株产量QTL两侧的分子标记按双标记、单标记进行选择验证。【结果】(1)千粒重、单株产量QTL在不同群体、不同的遗传背景中的遗传稳定,表型效应明显。旱田种植条件下,2个回交群体和自交育种群体携带有千粒重QTLtgw6.1有利等位基因的个体与没有携带tgw6.1有利等位基因个体的均值差为3.18～3.62g,均达到极显著水平,表型效应为13.94%～18.15%;携带有单株产量QTLyp6.1有利等位基因的个体与没有携带yp6.1有利等位基因个体的单株产量均值差为5.04～8.18g,达到显著或极显著水平,表型效应为34.89%～58.88%。(2)QTL标记区间较大(如本研究中的标记区间,13.5cM)时,利用双标记选择更为可靠;标记与QTL距离较小(如本研究中的RM527,1.5cM)时,利用靠近QTL的单侧标记进行选择也可以获得较好效果。此外,本文还就QTL定位中的一因多效现象及MAS对数量性状选择的有效性等进行了讨论。【结论】利用QTL分子标记辅助选择提高抗旱等复杂性状的选择效率是可行的。

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Yield of Seven Wheat Cultivars in Anhui Province

[Objective] The objective of this paper was to screen out suitable high- yielding cultivars and to understand the current yield performance of wheat in Anhui Province. In addition, the influencing factors on wheat yield were discussed to es- tablish suitable cultural practice. [Method] Main popularized cultivars and some new strains of wheat were selected as matedals and planted in the Funan Farm and Longkang Farm in 2009-2011. The yield stability and influencing factors on yield of wheat were discussed. [Resalt] In Anhui Province, the weather had a great influence on wheat yield, resulting in significant differences in wheat yield among different years. Drought was the main factor restricting the yield. [Conclusion] （1） It was easy to achieve high yield when the three influencing factors on wheat yield were coordi- nated. （2） The occurred drought disaster in 20tl was the main factor limiting the 1 000- grain weight and final yield of wheat. （3） Different cultivars showed different yield stabilities. Among the test wheat cultivars, two cultivars （Wanke 06290 and Yannong 19） showed good yield stability, while Xinfumai No.1 showed higher yield. （4） The three influencing factors played different roles in different cultivars. In the promotion process, the characteristics of wheat cultivars should be fully understood. To achieve high yield, integrating cultural practices is a necessity.

Analysis on Grain Traits and Sedimentation Value of Wheat Genotype Heng 9966, Its Parents and Their Closely Related Varieties

[Objective] 7 indictors of wheat genotype Heng 9966, its parents and their closely related varieties were analyzed based on the 1000-grain weight, sedimentation value and traits of selected grains in DUS test, so as to provide references for the protection of variety intellectual property. [Method] Testing comparison and statistical analysis were conducted to the dormant seeds of winter wheat genotype 9966, parents of Liangxing 99 and Liangxing 96 aw well as the closely related variety of the parents, Jimai 22. [Result] Heng 9966 showed a difference of 2 codes in 1000-grain weight and sedimentation value from the above-mentioned 3 genotypes, and the variant analysis reached the extremely significant level of 0.01. And it also showed extremely significant difference at the level of 0.01 with Liangxing 66 in grain length, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain width, with Liangxing 66 in grain area, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain perimeter. [Conclusion] Heng 9966 had significant distinctness from its parents and their closely related variety, and grain shape can be used as a reference indicator for variety distinctness for the protection of variety intellectual property.

水稻粒质量和粒形QTL定位及粒长位点qGL3.2的鉴定

[目的]通过水稻粒质量和粒形相关基因的QTL分析,挖掘普通野生稻(OryzarufipogonGriff.)中优异基因,为高产水稻资源的鉴定与品种改良提供研究基础和创新材料。[方法]以籼稻品种‘9311’为受体亲本,普通野生稻为供体亲本构建的染色体片段置换系群体为研究材料,考察2015、2016和2017年水稻种子千粒质量、粒长、粒宽和长宽比等性状,利用QTLIciMapping4.1软件对控制籽粒大小的QTL进行定位分析。并利用‘9311’与小粒家系Q8衍生的次级F2群体验证第3染色体1个效应明显的QTL(qGL3.2)。[结果]3年共定位到16个QTL,分布于第2、3、6、8和11染色体上,解释遗传变异的4.52%~13.08%。‘9311’与Q8家系衍生的次级F2群体验证了标记Indel3-17和RM3646之间qGL3.2位点的真实性,其对千粒质量、粒宽和长宽比的贡献率分别为33.18%、8.76%和59.92%;对粒长的效应尤为明显,LOD值高达39.29,可解释表型变异的贡献率达61.43%。精细定位和测序分析表明qGL3.2在基因Os03g0407400编码区发生1个C-A的替换,导致蛋白翻译提前终止。对130份种质资源等位变异类型和籽粒长度的分析表明C-A等位变异与粒长高度相关。[结论]qGL3.2位点Os03g0407400基因C-A突变对水稻粒质量和粒形有重要影响,这为该基因的进一步育种利用和分子标记辅助选择提供依据。

A dCAPS marker developed from a stress associated protein gene TaSAP7-B governing grain size and plant height in wheat

Stress associated proteins（SAPs） are the A20/AN1 zinc-finger proteins which confer to abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, TaSAP7-B, including two AN1 domains, was isolated from B genome of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）. Sequencing analysis on TaSAP7-B illustrated one In Del（insertion-deletion） and one SNP（single nucleotide polymorphism） in the promoter region while no diversity was observed in the coding region. On the basis of SNP in the promoter region（–260 bp）, a dCAPS（derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences） marker SNP-260 was developed for TaSAP7-B. Using a natural population consisting of 262 wheat accessions, significant associations were detected between the marker SNP-260 and agronomic traits, such as plant height（PH）, peduncle length（PL）, length of penultimate internode（LPI）, number of spike per plant（NSP）, and 1 000-grain weight（TGW）. Two genotypes were identified using marker SNP-260 in the natural population. Among them, the genotypes possessing C allele exhibited a higher TGW and shorter PH than the T genotypes. Hence, base C was considered as the superior allele. The dCAPS marker of TaSAP7-B can be instrumental for marker-assisted selection for high grain size and short plant height.

A Pyramid Breeding of Eight Grain-yield Related Quantitative Trait Loci Based on Marker-assistant and Phenotype Selection in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

1000-Grain weight and spikelet number per panicle are two important components for rice grain yield. In our previous study, eight quantitative trait loci （QTLs） conferring spikelet number per panicle and 1000-grain weight were mapped through sequencing-based genotyping of 150 rice recombinant inbred lines （RILs）. In this study, we validated the effects of four QTLs from Nipponbare using chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs）, and pyramided eight grain yield related QTLs. The new lines containing the eight QTLs with positive effects showed increased panicle and spikelet size as compared with the parent variety 93-11. We further proposed a novel pyramid breeding scheme based on marker-assistant and phenotype selection （MAPS）. This scheme allowed pyramiding of as many as 24 QTLs at a single hybridization without massive cross work. This study provided insights into the molecular basis of rice grain yield for direct wealth for high-yielding rice breeding.