Frankincense can promote blood circulation. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid （AKBA） is a small molecule with anti-inflammatory properties that is derived from Boswellia serrata. Here, we hypothesized that it may pro...Frankincense can promote blood circulation. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid （AKBA） is a small molecule with anti-inflammatory properties that is derived from Boswellia serrata. Here, we hypothesized that it may promote regeneration of injured sciatic nerve. To address this hypothesis, we established a rat model of sciatic nerve injury using a nerve clamping method. Rats were administered AKBA once every 2 days at doses of 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days from the 1st day after injury. Sciatic nerve function was evaluated using the sciatic functional index. Degree of muscle atrophy was measured using the triceps surae muscle Cuadros index.Neuropathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 （p-ERK1/2） in injured nerve. S100 immunoreactivity in injured nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry. In vivo experiments showed that 3 and 6 mg/kg AKBA significantly increased sciatic nerve index, Cuadros index of triceps muscle, p-ERK1/2 expression, and S100 immunoreactivity in injured sciatic nerve of sciatic nerve injury model rats. Furthermore,for in vitro experiments, Schwann cells were treated with AKBA at 0–20 μg/mL. Proliferation of Schwann cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 colorimetry assay. The results showed that 2 μg/mL AKBA is the optimal therapeutic concentration. In addition, ERK phosphorylation levels increased following 2 μg/mL AKBA treatment. In the presence of the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059 （2.5 μL/mL）, the AKBA-induced increase in p-ERK1/2 protein expression was partially abrogated. In conclusion, our study shows that AKBA promotes peripheral nerve regeneration with ERK protein phosphorylation playing a key role in this process.展开更多
Interaction between rare earth ion praseodymium (Pr(Ⅲ)) and MP11 with/without hydrogen ion (H +) in different media( aqueous, phosphate buffer, physiological condition) were studied by UV Vis spectroscopy. All the ...Interaction between rare earth ion praseodymium (Pr(Ⅲ)) and MP11 with/without hydrogen ion (H +) in different media( aqueous, phosphate buffer, physiological condition) were studied by UV Vis spectroscopy. All the results indicate that Pr(Ⅲ) interacts with MP11, increasing the non planarity of porphyrin periphery, leading MP11 to form two conformations when titrated by Pr(Ⅲ). Excessive Pr(Ⅲ) acts as a contaminant in living organism. H + and Pr(Ⅲ) have antagonistic effect on MP11, suggesting that at suitable concentration under physiological conditions, Pr(Ⅲ) can be used as biomodulator in protecting plants from acid rain stress or in rehabilitating the harm.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide,posing a serious danger to human health.Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and pr...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide,posing a serious danger to human health.Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer.Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid(AKBA)is a promising drug for cancer therapy,but its effects and mechanism of action on human gastric cancer remain unclear.AIM To evaluate whether the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)/Akt/COX-2 signaling pathway is involved in the anti-tumor effect of AKBA in gastric cancer.METHODS Human poorly differentiated BGC823 and moderately differentiated SGC7901 gastric cancer cells were routinely cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum and 1%penicillin/streptomycin.Gastric cancer cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric assay.Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Cell migration was assessed using the wound-healing assay.Expression of Bcl-2,Bax,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PTEN,p-Akt,and COX-2 were detected by Western blot analysis.A xenograft nude mouse model of human gastric cancer was established to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of AKBA RESULTS AKBA significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,inhibited migration in a time-dependent manner,and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro;it also inhibited tumor growth in vivo.AKBA up-regulated the expression of PTEN and Bax,and downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen,Bcl-2,p-Akt,and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner.The PTEN inhibitor bpv(Hopic)reversed the high expression of PTEN and low expression of p-Akt and COX-2 that were induced by AKBA.The Akt inhibitor MK2206 combined with AKBA downregulated the expression of p-Akt and COX-2,and the combined effect was better than that of AKBA alone.CONCLUSION AKBA inhibits the proliferation and migration and promotes the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through the PTEN/Akt/COX-2 signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective: To determine the effect of cis-9, trans-1 1-conjugated linoleic acid on the cell cycle of mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA. Methods: Using cell ...Objective: To determine the effect of cis-9, trans-1 1-conjugated linoleic acid on the cell cycle of mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA. Methods: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B1, D1, p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1 of MCF-7 cells at various c9,t11-CLA concentrations (25μM, 50μM, 100μM and 200μM), at 24h and 48h. 96% ethand was used as negative control. Results: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of MCF-7 cells were inhibited by c9,t11-CLA. After treatment with various doses of c9,t11-CLA mentioned above for 8 days, the inhibition frequency was 27.18%, 35.43%, 91.05%, and 92.86%, respectively. Inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25μM, 24h) was demonstrated by significantly less incorporation of 3H-TdR than the negative control (P<0.05 and P<0.01). To further investigate the influence of the cell cycle progression, we found that c9,t11-CLA may arrest the cell cycle of MCF-7 cells. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that incubation with different concentration of c9,t11-CLA at various times significantly decreased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin A, B1, D1 in MCF-7 cells compared to the negative control (P<0.01), whereas the expression of p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1, cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CDKI), were increased. Conclusions: The cell growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells is inhibited by c9,t11-CLA via blocking cell cycle, accompanying reduced expression of cyclin A, B1, D1 and enhanced expression of CDKI (p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1).展开更多
Objective: With regard to the 2010 edition of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-2010), we investigated whether the DRIs for two age groups, breast-fed infants aged 6-8 and 9-11 months, can be fulfilled for ...Objective: With regard to the 2010 edition of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-2010), we investigated whether the DRIs for two age groups, breast-fed infants aged 6-8 and 9-11 months, can be fulfilled for every nutrient in actual dietary practice. Design: We evaluated (1) whether the DRIs for all nutrients can be fulfilled in a formula with energy and protein exceeding their DRIs, (2) whether the DRIs for all nutrients can be fulfilled in a formula prepared in accordance with Japanese government-recommended weaning guidelines, and (3) what kinds of formulas can be prepared if the DRIs for all nutrients are fulfilled without referring to the weaning guidelines. Setting: Simulation of diet menu on the basis of published data in our university and survey of diet menu in a university hospital attached to a national medical school. Subjects: The three types of formulas were planned for ten days. Results: It was impossible to simultaneously fulfil the DRIs for 6 - 8-month-old infants concerning pantothenic acid, vitamin D, and iron and those for 9 - 11-month-old infants concerning these nutrients plus protein. Conclusion: According to the DRIs-2010, the DRI for all nutrients could not be fulfilled in an ingestible formula.展开更多
Racemic O-methyl O-pheayl thiophosphoric acid 1 has been successfully resolved through its quinine and brucine salts in methanol solution by fractional crystallization. The absolute configurations of the optically act...Racemic O-methyl O-pheayl thiophosphoric acid 1 has been successfully resolved through its quinine and brucine salts in methanol solution by fractional crystallization. The absolute configurations of the optically active 1 have been established as (+)-R-1 and (-)-S-1 by chemical correlation.展开更多
The main eicosanoids inflammatory mediators, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are both generated from arachidonic acid (AA;20:4 n-6). AA is a member of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Numerous studies have demons...The main eicosanoids inflammatory mediators, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are both generated from arachidonic acid (AA;20:4 n-6). AA is a member of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Numerous studies have demonstrated that various contents of PUFAs can modulate the inflammatory responses. However, fewer studies have examined n-9PUFAs and their effects on the inflammatory responses. In the present study, the role of 5,8,11-cis-eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA;20:3 n-9, also called Mead acid) in the inflammatory responses has been investigated. The anti-inflammatory activities of ETrA were examined using an in vitro macrophage system and the inhibitory effect was confirmed by western blot analysis for iNOS and COX-2 expressions. The interactions between ETrA and COX-2 protein were simulated to produce a computer modeling protein-ligand complexes and the results suggest a possible mechanism for the effects of ETrA. In this study, we described a significant inhibition of the inflammatory activities initiated by ETrA. Since ETrA is a substance presented in the tissues of young animals, we therefore anticipate that ETrA can be utilized as a natural therapeutic supplement to inhibit inflammatory activities.展开更多
1. Introduction Zeolites are widely used in acid heterogeneous catalysis [1, 2]. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties ofzeolites, they are widely used in commercial catalytic processes, such as fluidized...1. Introduction Zeolites are widely used in acid heterogeneous catalysis [1, 2]. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties ofzeolites, they are widely used in commercial catalytic processes, such as fluidized catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, methanol conversion to gasoline or olefins, ethylbenzene production, xylene isomerization, aromatics hydrogenation [3-9]. Acidity, high thermal stability, and shape selectivity determine the use of zeolites as catalysts in reaction processes through acid mechanisms [ 10].展开更多
To improve oil quality,ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite molecular sieves were synthesized by adding ZSM-22 into a synthetic gel of SAPO-11 for n-decane hydroisomerization.The mass ratios of ZSM-22/(ZSM-22+SAPO-11)in the compo...To improve oil quality,ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite molecular sieves were synthesized by adding ZSM-22 into a synthetic gel of SAPO-11 for n-decane hydroisomerization.The mass ratios of ZSM-22/(ZSM-22+SAPO-11)in the composite molecular sieves were optimized and the optimal ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite(ZS-9)was obtained.The electrostatic repulsions between the ZSM-22 precursors and the SAPO-11 crystalline nuclei produced small ZSM-22 and SAPO-11 crystallites in ZS-9,which increased the specific surface area and mesopore volume and thereby exposed more acid sites.In comparison with conventional SAPO-11,ZSM-22 and their mechanical mixture,ZS-9 with smaller crystallites and the optimal medium and strong Brønsted acid centers(MSBAC)content displayed a higher yield of branched C_(10) isomers(81.6%),lower cracking selectivity(11.9%)and excellent stability.The correlation between the i-C_(10) selectivity and the MSBAC density of molecular sieves indicated that the selectivity for branched C_(10) isomers first increased and then decreased with increasing MSBAC density on the molecular sieves,and the maximum selectivity(87.7%)occurred with a density of 9.6×10^(−2)μmol m^(−2).展开更多
文摘Frankincense can promote blood circulation. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid （AKBA） is a small molecule with anti-inflammatory properties that is derived from Boswellia serrata. Here, we hypothesized that it may promote regeneration of injured sciatic nerve. To address this hypothesis, we established a rat model of sciatic nerve injury using a nerve clamping method. Rats were administered AKBA once every 2 days at doses of 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days from the 1st day after injury. Sciatic nerve function was evaluated using the sciatic functional index. Degree of muscle atrophy was measured using the triceps surae muscle Cuadros index.Neuropathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 （p-ERK1/2） in injured nerve. S100 immunoreactivity in injured nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry. In vivo experiments showed that 3 and 6 mg/kg AKBA significantly increased sciatic nerve index, Cuadros index of triceps muscle, p-ERK1/2 expression, and S100 immunoreactivity in injured sciatic nerve of sciatic nerve injury model rats. Furthermore,for in vitro experiments, Schwann cells were treated with AKBA at 0–20 μg/mL. Proliferation of Schwann cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 colorimetry assay. The results showed that 2 μg/mL AKBA is the optimal therapeutic concentration. In addition, ERK phosphorylation levels increased following 2 μg/mL AKBA treatment. In the presence of the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059 （2.5 μL/mL）, the AKBA-induced increase in p-ERK1/2 protein expression was partially abrogated. In conclusion, our study shows that AKBA promotes peripheral nerve regeneration with ERK protein phosphorylation playing a key role in this process.
文摘Interaction between rare earth ion praseodymium (Pr(Ⅲ)) and MP11 with/without hydrogen ion (H +) in different media( aqueous, phosphate buffer, physiological condition) were studied by UV Vis spectroscopy. All the results indicate that Pr(Ⅲ) interacts with MP11, increasing the non planarity of porphyrin periphery, leading MP11 to form two conformations when titrated by Pr(Ⅲ). Excessive Pr(Ⅲ) acts as a contaminant in living organism. H + and Pr(Ⅲ) have antagonistic effect on MP11, suggesting that at suitable concentration under physiological conditions, Pr(Ⅲ) can be used as biomodulator in protecting plants from acid rain stress or in rehabilitating the harm.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu,No.BK20171508。
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide,posing a serious danger to human health.Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer.Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid(AKBA)is a promising drug for cancer therapy,but its effects and mechanism of action on human gastric cancer remain unclear.AIM To evaluate whether the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)/Akt/COX-2 signaling pathway is involved in the anti-tumor effect of AKBA in gastric cancer.METHODS Human poorly differentiated BGC823 and moderately differentiated SGC7901 gastric cancer cells were routinely cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum and 1%penicillin/streptomycin.Gastric cancer cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric assay.Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Cell migration was assessed using the wound-healing assay.Expression of Bcl-2,Bax,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PTEN,p-Akt,and COX-2 were detected by Western blot analysis.A xenograft nude mouse model of human gastric cancer was established to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of AKBA RESULTS AKBA significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,inhibited migration in a time-dependent manner,and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro;it also inhibited tumor growth in vivo.AKBA up-regulated the expression of PTEN and Bax,and downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen,Bcl-2,p-Akt,and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner.The PTEN inhibitor bpv(Hopic)reversed the high expression of PTEN and low expression of p-Akt and COX-2 that were induced by AKBA.The Akt inhibitor MK2206 combined with AKBA downregulated the expression of p-Akt and COX-2,and the combined effect was better than that of AKBA alone.CONCLUSION AKBA inhibits the proliferation and migration and promotes the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through the PTEN/Akt/COX-2 signaling pathway.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39870661). Phone: (0086-451)-3641309 Fax: (0086-451)-3641253
文摘Objective: To determine the effect of cis-9, trans-1 1-conjugated linoleic acid on the cell cycle of mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA. Methods: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B1, D1, p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1 of MCF-7 cells at various c9,t11-CLA concentrations (25μM, 50μM, 100μM and 200μM), at 24h and 48h. 96% ethand was used as negative control. Results: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of MCF-7 cells were inhibited by c9,t11-CLA. After treatment with various doses of c9,t11-CLA mentioned above for 8 days, the inhibition frequency was 27.18%, 35.43%, 91.05%, and 92.86%, respectively. Inhibitory effect of c9,t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25μM, 24h) was demonstrated by significantly less incorporation of 3H-TdR than the negative control (P<0.05 and P<0.01). To further investigate the influence of the cell cycle progression, we found that c9,t11-CLA may arrest the cell cycle of MCF-7 cells. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that incubation with different concentration of c9,t11-CLA at various times significantly decreased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin A, B1, D1 in MCF-7 cells compared to the negative control (P<0.01), whereas the expression of p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1, cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CDKI), were increased. Conclusions: The cell growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells is inhibited by c9,t11-CLA via blocking cell cycle, accompanying reduced expression of cyclin A, B1, D1 and enhanced expression of CDKI (p16ink4a and p21cip/waf1).
文摘Objective: With regard to the 2010 edition of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-2010), we investigated whether the DRIs for two age groups, breast-fed infants aged 6-8 and 9-11 months, can be fulfilled for every nutrient in actual dietary practice. Design: We evaluated (1) whether the DRIs for all nutrients can be fulfilled in a formula with energy and protein exceeding their DRIs, (2) whether the DRIs for all nutrients can be fulfilled in a formula prepared in accordance with Japanese government-recommended weaning guidelines, and (3) what kinds of formulas can be prepared if the DRIs for all nutrients are fulfilled without referring to the weaning guidelines. Setting: Simulation of diet menu on the basis of published data in our university and survey of diet menu in a university hospital attached to a national medical school. Subjects: The three types of formulas were planned for ten days. Results: It was impossible to simultaneously fulfil the DRIs for 6 - 8-month-old infants concerning pantothenic acid, vitamin D, and iron and those for 9 - 11-month-old infants concerning these nutrients plus protein. Conclusion: According to the DRIs-2010, the DRI for all nutrients could not be fulfilled in an ingestible formula.
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Racemic O-methyl O-pheayl thiophosphoric acid 1 has been successfully resolved through its quinine and brucine salts in methanol solution by fractional crystallization. The absolute configurations of the optically active 1 have been established as (+)-R-1 and (-)-S-1 by chemical correlation.
文摘The main eicosanoids inflammatory mediators, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are both generated from arachidonic acid (AA;20:4 n-6). AA is a member of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Numerous studies have demonstrated that various contents of PUFAs can modulate the inflammatory responses. However, fewer studies have examined n-9PUFAs and their effects on the inflammatory responses. In the present study, the role of 5,8,11-cis-eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA;20:3 n-9, also called Mead acid) in the inflammatory responses has been investigated. The anti-inflammatory activities of ETrA were examined using an in vitro macrophage system and the inhibitory effect was confirmed by western blot analysis for iNOS and COX-2 expressions. The interactions between ETrA and COX-2 protein were simulated to produce a computer modeling protein-ligand complexes and the results suggest a possible mechanism for the effects of ETrA. In this study, we described a significant inhibition of the inflammatory activities initiated by ETrA. Since ETrA is a substance presented in the tissues of young animals, we therefore anticipate that ETrA can be utilized as a natural therapeutic supplement to inhibit inflammatory activities.
文摘1. Introduction Zeolites are widely used in acid heterogeneous catalysis [1, 2]. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties ofzeolites, they are widely used in commercial catalytic processes, such as fluidized catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, methanol conversion to gasoline or olefins, ethylbenzene production, xylene isomerization, aromatics hydrogenation [3-9]. Acidity, high thermal stability, and shape selectivity determine the use of zeolites as catalysts in reaction processes through acid mechanisms [ 10].
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.KYJJ2012-03-03).
文摘To improve oil quality,ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite molecular sieves were synthesized by adding ZSM-22 into a synthetic gel of SAPO-11 for n-decane hydroisomerization.The mass ratios of ZSM-22/(ZSM-22+SAPO-11)in the composite molecular sieves were optimized and the optimal ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite(ZS-9)was obtained.The electrostatic repulsions between the ZSM-22 precursors and the SAPO-11 crystalline nuclei produced small ZSM-22 and SAPO-11 crystallites in ZS-9,which increased the specific surface area and mesopore volume and thereby exposed more acid sites.In comparison with conventional SAPO-11,ZSM-22 and their mechanical mixture,ZS-9 with smaller crystallites and the optimal medium and strong Brønsted acid centers(MSBAC)content displayed a higher yield of branched C_(10) isomers(81.6%),lower cracking selectivity(11.9%)and excellent stability.The correlation between the i-C_(10) selectivity and the MSBAC density of molecular sieves indicated that the selectivity for branched C_(10) isomers first increased and then decreased with increasing MSBAC density on the molecular sieves,and the maximum selectivity(87.7%)occurred with a density of 9.6×10^(−2)μmol m^(−2).
