α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 diabetes.Protocatechuic acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in var...α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 diabetes.Protocatechuic acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in various plant foods but also as a major microbial metabolite of dietary anthocyanins in the large colon.The present study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of PCA on a-glucosidase in vitro and examined its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels in vivo.Results from in vitro experiments demonstrated that PCA was a mix-type inhibitor of a-glucosidase.Driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions,PCA reversibly bound withα-glucosidase to form a stable a-glucosidase-PCA complex in a spontaneous manner.The computational simulation found that PCA could insert into the active cavity of a-glucosidase and establish hydrogen bonds with catalytic amino acid residues.PCA binding aroused the steric hindrance for substrates to enter active sites and caused the structural changes of interacted catalytic amino acid residues.PCA also exhibited postprandial hypoglycemic capacity in diabetic mice.This study may provide the theoretical basis for the application of PCA as an active ingredient of functional foods in dietary management of diabetes.展开更多
该文利用冷金属过渡(Cold metal transfer,CMT)技术,使用电弧丝材增材制造系统制造2Cr13马氏体不锈钢单道多层薄壁试样,并研究了不同层间温度(100℃,150℃和200℃)对薄壁试样表面成形,微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,较高的层...该文利用冷金属过渡(Cold metal transfer,CMT)技术,使用电弧丝材增材制造系统制造2Cr13马氏体不锈钢单道多层薄壁试样,并研究了不同层间温度(100℃,150℃和200℃)对薄壁试样表面成形,微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,较高的层间温度会使得薄壁成形件整体温度升高,散热状况变差,熔池高温存在时间增长,熔融金属流动性增强,最终导致成形件表面变差甚至塌陷。成形件中部组织在经历反复加热和冷却过程后,主要由极为细长的板条马氏体组成,并伴有少量铁素体以及沿铁素体晶界析出的碳化物。靠近重熔区位置由于熔池的热作用会导致马氏体组织过热而发生相变,形成密集的铁素体。随着层间温度减小,成形件晶粒尺寸和分布更为细小均匀;另外,弥散分布在铁素体晶界上的碳化物阻碍位错运动,两者的共同作用使得显微硬度和抗拉强度随层间温度降低而升高,同时拉伸试样的断后伸长率也随之增大。拉伸断裂形式均为韧性断裂,随着层间温度的减小,同取样方向上拉伸试样断口尺寸越来越大,韧窝也越来越深。展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between triterpenoid saponin content and antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 70%ethanolic,butanolic,aqueous,supernate and precipitate extract...Objective:To investigate the relationship between triterpenoid saponin content and antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 70%ethanolic,butanolic,aqueous,supernate and precipitate extracts of Juglans regia leaves.Methods:Triterpenoid saponins of different Juglans regia leaf extracts were measured by the vanillin method.Antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH and ABTS free radicals.We also assessed α-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was evaluated to determine the correlation between the saponin content and biological activities.Results:The butanolic extract was most effective against DPPH with an IC50of 6.63μg/mL,while the aqueous extract showed the highest scavenging activity against ABTS free radical with an IC50of 42.27μg/mL.Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a strong negative correlation (r=-0.956) between DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) and the saponin content in the samples examined.In addition,the aqueous extract showed the best α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared with other extracts.All the extracts had fair antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,and Klebsiella pneumoniae except for the aqueous extract.Conclusions:Juglans regia extracts show potent antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.There is a correlation between saponin levels in Juglans regia leaf extracts and the studied activities.However,additional research is required to establish these relationships by identifying the specific saponin molecules responsible for these activities and elucidating their mechanisms of action.展开更多
基金supported by the General Research Fund of Hong Kong (14105820)。
文摘α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 diabetes.Protocatechuic acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in various plant foods but also as a major microbial metabolite of dietary anthocyanins in the large colon.The present study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of PCA on a-glucosidase in vitro and examined its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels in vivo.Results from in vitro experiments demonstrated that PCA was a mix-type inhibitor of a-glucosidase.Driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions,PCA reversibly bound withα-glucosidase to form a stable a-glucosidase-PCA complex in a spontaneous manner.The computational simulation found that PCA could insert into the active cavity of a-glucosidase and establish hydrogen bonds with catalytic amino acid residues.PCA binding aroused the steric hindrance for substrates to enter active sites and caused the structural changes of interacted catalytic amino acid residues.PCA also exhibited postprandial hypoglycemic capacity in diabetic mice.This study may provide the theoretical basis for the application of PCA as an active ingredient of functional foods in dietary management of diabetes.
文摘该文利用冷金属过渡(Cold metal transfer,CMT)技术,使用电弧丝材增材制造系统制造2Cr13马氏体不锈钢单道多层薄壁试样,并研究了不同层间温度(100℃,150℃和200℃)对薄壁试样表面成形,微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,较高的层间温度会使得薄壁成形件整体温度升高,散热状况变差,熔池高温存在时间增长,熔融金属流动性增强,最终导致成形件表面变差甚至塌陷。成形件中部组织在经历反复加热和冷却过程后,主要由极为细长的板条马氏体组成,并伴有少量铁素体以及沿铁素体晶界析出的碳化物。靠近重熔区位置由于熔池的热作用会导致马氏体组织过热而发生相变,形成密集的铁素体。随着层间温度减小,成形件晶粒尺寸和分布更为细小均匀;另外,弥散分布在铁素体晶界上的碳化物阻碍位错运动,两者的共同作用使得显微硬度和抗拉强度随层间温度降低而升高,同时拉伸试样的断后伸长率也随之增大。拉伸断裂形式均为韧性断裂,随着层间温度的减小,同取样方向上拉伸试样断口尺寸越来越大,韧窝也越来越深。
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University(Grant code:22UQU4331128DSR77).
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between triterpenoid saponin content and antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 70%ethanolic,butanolic,aqueous,supernate and precipitate extracts of Juglans regia leaves.Methods:Triterpenoid saponins of different Juglans regia leaf extracts were measured by the vanillin method.Antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH and ABTS free radicals.We also assessed α-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was evaluated to determine the correlation between the saponin content and biological activities.Results:The butanolic extract was most effective against DPPH with an IC50of 6.63μg/mL,while the aqueous extract showed the highest scavenging activity against ABTS free radical with an IC50of 42.27μg/mL.Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a strong negative correlation (r=-0.956) between DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) and the saponin content in the samples examined.In addition,the aqueous extract showed the best α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared with other extracts.All the extracts had fair antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,and Klebsiella pneumoniae except for the aqueous extract.Conclusions:Juglans regia extracts show potent antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.There is a correlation between saponin levels in Juglans regia leaf extracts and the studied activities.However,additional research is required to establish these relationships by identifying the specific saponin molecules responsible for these activities and elucidating their mechanisms of action.
