[Objective] The aim of the study is to clone and analyze the gene encoding 14-3-3 protein from banana. [Method] Combined with PCR amplification, RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique was employed to clone ...[Objective] The aim of the study is to clone and analyze the gene encoding 14-3-3 protein from banana. [Method] Combined with PCR amplification, RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique was employed to clone 14-3-3 gene from banana; then the amplified sequence was sequenced and homologically analyzed. [Result] A new cDNA homologous with 14-3-3 protein genes were obtained by RT-PCR and RACE ( rapid amplification of cDNA ends ) approaches. The full length of this cDNA was 866 bp encoding 197 amino acids. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequence with those from other plants revealed that the cDNA shared high homology with 14-3-3 protein genes from other plants, and was designated as Musa acuminata 14-3-3 gene (Ma-14-3-3d). Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Ma-14-3-3d has closer genetic relationship with those from monocotyledon species than those from other species. [Conclusion] Ma-14-3-3d belongs to the same lineage of 14-3-3 from monocotyledon.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson＇s disease is associated with an activated glial reaction, combined with an inflammatory process. These responses lead to the production o...BACKGROUND： The progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson＇s disease is associated with an activated glial reaction, combined with an inflammatory process. These responses lead to the production of cytokines, such as interferon- γ, tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α ）, and interleukin-1 β. In addition, 14-3-3 protein is a component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson＇s disease. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expression of 14-3-3 γ and ζ protein, as well as TNF-α, in mouse microglia, as well as changes after lipopolysaccharide （LPS） activation. To investigate possible mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal injury due to activated microglia. To and clarify the immune response mechanisms of Parkinson＇s disease. DESIGN： Randomized controlled observation, cell study.SETTING： Laboratory of Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. MATERIALS： The BV-2 immortalized murine microglia cell line was purchased from China Unit cell center. LPS was provided by Sigma Company. Cell cultures were purchased from Gibco. Phospho-（Ser） 14-3-3 binding motif antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies. FITC was provided by Linfei Biotechnology, Wuhan, China. TNF- α ELISA was provided by Jingmei Biotech Co, Wuhan, China. The flow cytometer was provided by Becton Dickinson, Canada. METHODS： The present experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from April to December 2006. The microglial cell line, BV-2, was cultured in vitro and stimulated with LPS for 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours. BV-2 cultures without LPS were used as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of 14-3-3 γ protein was detected by flow cytometry. 14-3-3 ζ percentage expression and the mean fluorescence intensity was detected by immunofluorescence. TNF- α expression was detected by ELISA. RESULTS： 14-3-3 γ protein expression analysis： following LPS-induction in BV-2 cells, the fluorescence intensity of the 14-3-3 γ proteins gradually decreased. The 12 and 24 hours groups exhibited significantly lower expression than the normal control group （P 〈 0.05）. 14-3-3 ζ percentage expression and the mean fluorescence intensity： the percentage of 14-3-3 ζ protein expression gradually decreased with LPS stimulation. The mean fluorescence intensity from the 6, 12, and 24 hours groups was significantly less than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. TNF-α expression： resting BV-2 cells did not express TNF-α. Following 2 hours of LPS stimulation, TNF-α was highly expressed in BV-2 cells, but decreased again by 24 hours. CONCLUSION： Dopaminergic neuronal injury, due to activated microglial cells, might be related to the participation of 14-3-3 proteins and the release of TNF-α.展开更多
14-3-3 proteins belong to a family of phosphoserine/threonine-binding modules and participate in a wide array of signal transduction and regulatory events. Our previous study demonstrated that Ta14-3-3 was significant...14-3-3 proteins belong to a family of phosphoserine/threonine-binding modules and participate in a wide array of signal transduction and regulatory events. Our previous study demonstrated that Ta14-3-3 was significantly down-regulated in leaf and root tissues of hybrid wheat at the tillering stage. In this paper, three homoeologous Ta14-3-3 genes were cloned from common wheat （Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD） and mapped on chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D, respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing Ta14-3-3 displayed shorter primary roots, delayed flowering and retarded growth rates, indicating that Ta14-3-3 acted as a growth inhibitor in Arabidopsis. In wheat, Ta14-3-3 was down-regulated in roots and leaves of hybrids as compared to their parental lines. We proposed that Ta14-3-3 proteins might regulate growth vigor in hybrid wheat.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of 14-3-3 protein overexpression on the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium （MPP^＋） induced pheochromocytoma （PC12） cell death and the potential mechanisms. Methods pcDNA3.1（＋）-14-...Objective To investigate the effects of 14-3-3 protein overexpression on the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium （MPP^＋） induced pheochromocytoma （PC12） cell death and the potential mechanisms. Methods pcDNA3.1（＋）-14-3-3 plasmids, which could be expressed in mammalian cell, were constructed and transfected into PC 12 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of 14-3-3 protein, Bcl-2 protein, and BAD protein were determined by western blot. 3-（4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, microplate reader, and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure cell viability, the caspase activity, and apoptotic ratio respectively. Results （1） The expression of 14-3-3 protein increased significantly three weeks after pcDNA3.1（＋）-14-3-3 plasmids transfected into PC 12 cells. （2） MPP^＋ caused a decrease of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At 100μmol/L MPP^＋, cell viability reduced approximately 50%. （3） The caspase activity increased along with the MPP^＋ concentrations rising and reached its maximum value （0.34 μmol/mg protein） at 100 μmol/L MPP＊. However caspase activity decreased significantly when the MPP^＋ concentration exceeded 100 μmol/L. （4） Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein decreased the apoptosis ratio of PC 12 cells treated with 100μmol/L MPP^＋ from 26.5% to 8.6%. （5） Bcl-2 protein tended to decrease but BAD protein tended to increase after treatment of PC 12 cells with 100 μmol/L MPP^＋. Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein significantly increased the cellular level of Bcl-2 protein and decreased that of BAD protein. Conclusion Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein may reduce MPP^＋-induced apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells by up-regulating the Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating the BAD expression. These results may provide a promising target for treatment of Parkinson＇s disease.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The aim of the study is to clone and analyze the gene encoding 14-3-3 protein from banana. [Method] Combined with PCR amplification, RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique was employed to clone 14-3-3 gene from banana; then the amplified sequence was sequenced and homologically analyzed. [Result] A new cDNA homologous with 14-3-3 protein genes were obtained by RT-PCR and RACE ( rapid amplification of cDNA ends ) approaches. The full length of this cDNA was 866 bp encoding 197 amino acids. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequence with those from other plants revealed that the cDNA shared high homology with 14-3-3 protein genes from other plants, and was designated as Musa acuminata 14-3-3 gene (Ma-14-3-3d). Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Ma-14-3-3d has closer genetic relationship with those from monocotyledon species than those from other species. [Conclusion] Ma-14-3-3d belongs to the same lineage of 14-3-3 from monocotyledon.
文摘BACKGROUND： The progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson＇s disease is associated with an activated glial reaction, combined with an inflammatory process. These responses lead to the production of cytokines, such as interferon- γ, tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α ）, and interleukin-1 β. In addition, 14-3-3 protein is a component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson＇s disease. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expression of 14-3-3 γ and ζ protein, as well as TNF-α, in mouse microglia, as well as changes after lipopolysaccharide （LPS） activation. To investigate possible mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal injury due to activated microglia. To and clarify the immune response mechanisms of Parkinson＇s disease. DESIGN： Randomized controlled observation, cell study.SETTING： Laboratory of Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. MATERIALS： The BV-2 immortalized murine microglia cell line was purchased from China Unit cell center. LPS was provided by Sigma Company. Cell cultures were purchased from Gibco. Phospho-（Ser） 14-3-3 binding motif antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies. FITC was provided by Linfei Biotechnology, Wuhan, China. TNF- α ELISA was provided by Jingmei Biotech Co, Wuhan, China. The flow cytometer was provided by Becton Dickinson, Canada. METHODS： The present experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from April to December 2006. The microglial cell line, BV-2, was cultured in vitro and stimulated with LPS for 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours. BV-2 cultures without LPS were used as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of 14-3-3 γ protein was detected by flow cytometry. 14-3-3 ζ percentage expression and the mean fluorescence intensity was detected by immunofluorescence. TNF- α expression was detected by ELISA. RESULTS： 14-3-3 γ protein expression analysis： following LPS-induction in BV-2 cells, the fluorescence intensity of the 14-3-3 γ proteins gradually decreased. The 12 and 24 hours groups exhibited significantly lower expression than the normal control group （P 〈 0.05）. 14-3-3 ζ percentage expression and the mean fluorescence intensity： the percentage of 14-3-3 ζ protein expression gradually decreased with LPS stimulation. The mean fluorescence intensity from the 6, 12, and 24 hours groups was significantly less than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. TNF-α expression： resting BV-2 cells did not express TNF-α. Following 2 hours of LPS stimulation, TNF-α was highly expressed in BV-2 cells, but decreased again by 24 hours. CONCLUSION： Dopaminergic neuronal injury, due to activated microglial cells, might be related to the participation of 14-3-3 proteins and the release of TNF-α.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30600392,30871529)the National "863" Program of China(2012AA10A309)
文摘14-3-3 proteins belong to a family of phosphoserine/threonine-binding modules and participate in a wide array of signal transduction and regulatory events. Our previous study demonstrated that Ta14-3-3 was significantly down-regulated in leaf and root tissues of hybrid wheat at the tillering stage. In this paper, three homoeologous Ta14-3-3 genes were cloned from common wheat （Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD） and mapped on chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D, respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing Ta14-3-3 displayed shorter primary roots, delayed flowering and retarded growth rates, indicating that Ta14-3-3 acted as a growth inhibitor in Arabidopsis. In wheat, Ta14-3-3 was down-regulated in roots and leaves of hybrids as compared to their parental lines. We proposed that Ta14-3-3 proteins might regulate growth vigor in hybrid wheat.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:30570627).
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of 14-3-3 protein overexpression on the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium （MPP^＋） induced pheochromocytoma （PC12） cell death and the potential mechanisms. Methods pcDNA3.1（＋）-14-3-3 plasmids, which could be expressed in mammalian cell, were constructed and transfected into PC 12 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of 14-3-3 protein, Bcl-2 protein, and BAD protein were determined by western blot. 3-（4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, microplate reader, and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure cell viability, the caspase activity, and apoptotic ratio respectively. Results （1） The expression of 14-3-3 protein increased significantly three weeks after pcDNA3.1（＋）-14-3-3 plasmids transfected into PC 12 cells. （2） MPP^＋ caused a decrease of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At 100μmol/L MPP^＋, cell viability reduced approximately 50%. （3） The caspase activity increased along with the MPP^＋ concentrations rising and reached its maximum value （0.34 μmol/mg protein） at 100 μmol/L MPP＊. However caspase activity decreased significantly when the MPP^＋ concentration exceeded 100 μmol/L. （4） Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein decreased the apoptosis ratio of PC 12 cells treated with 100μmol/L MPP^＋ from 26.5% to 8.6%. （5） Bcl-2 protein tended to decrease but BAD protein tended to increase after treatment of PC 12 cells with 100 μmol/L MPP^＋. Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein significantly increased the cellular level of Bcl-2 protein and decreased that of BAD protein. Conclusion Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein may reduce MPP^＋-induced apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells by up-regulating the Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating the BAD expression. These results may provide a promising target for treatment of Parkinson＇s disease.
