Effect of Aging Temperature on Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of 17-4PH Stainless Steels in Dilute Sulphuric Acid Slurry

The effect of aging temperature on erosion corrosion （E-C） behavior of 17-4PH stainless steels in dilute sulphuric acid slurry containing solid particles was studied by using self-made rotating E-C apparatus. The effect of impact velocity on EC behavior of 17 4PH steels at different aging temperatures was analyzed. Surface micrographs of the specimens after E C test were observed by using scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that under the condition of the same solution heat treatment, when aging temperature ranged from 400 ℃ to 610℃, the hardness reached the highest value near the temperature 460℃. The characteristics of E-C for 17-4PH stainless steels at different aging temperatures were as follows： pure erosion （wear） was dominant, corrosion was subordinate and at the same time corrosion promoted erosion. The effect of aging temperature on E-C rate of 17-4PH steels was not significant at low impact velocity, but it was found that E-C resistance of 17-4PH steels aged near 460℃ was the most excellent due to the best precipitation strengthening effect of fine and dispersed e-Cu phase. With a prerequisite of appropriate corrosion resistance, the precipitation hardening could significantly improve the E-C resistance of the materials.

Relationship of microstructure transformation and hardening behavior of type 17-4 PH stainless steel

The relationship between the microstructure transformation of type 17-4 PH stainless steel and the aging hardening behavior was investigated. The results showed that, when 17-4 PH stainless steel aging at 595℃, the bulk hardness of samples attains its peak value （42.5 HRC） for about 20 min, and then decreases at all time. TEM revealed the microstructure corresponding with peak hardness is that the fine spheroid-shape copper with the fcc crystal structure and the fiber-shape secondary carbide M23C6 precipitated from the lath martensite matrix. Both precipitations of copper and M23C6 are the reasons for strengthening of the alloy at this temperature. With the extension of holding time at this temperature, the copper and secondary carbide grow and lose the coherent relationship with the matrix, so the bulk hardness of samples decreases.

Effect of rare earths on mechanical properties of plasma nitrocarburized surface layer of 17-4PH steel

The aim of this investigation is to reveal the influence of rare earths(RE) addition on mechanical properties of plasma nitrocarburized 17-4PH steel.The nitrocarburized layers were characterized by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer,X-ray diffractometer,microhardness tester and pin-on-disc tribometer.The results showed that RE atoms could diffuse into the surface layer of 17-4PH steel plasma nitrocarburized at 500 °C for 4 h and did not change the ...

沿海大气环境下17-7PH不锈钢的接触腐蚀行为研究

研究了17-7PH不锈钢在沿海大气环境下的接触腐蚀行为。结果表明,在秦皇岛和广东暴晒的17-7PH型不锈钢,无论装配与否,都没有出现显著的腐蚀。而且胶结装配方式不会降低材料的疲劳寿命。涂漆可有效防止17-7PH型不锈钢的电偶腐蚀及大气腐蚀。

不同Al含量17-7PH钢热轧加工后的组织和性能

通过压力机和热轧机对WS-4非自耗真空电弧炉熔炼制备的Al质量分数为1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%的17-7PH钢进行开坯轧制,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、带能谱仪的场发射扫描电镜、拉伸试验和腐蚀试验,研究了不同Al含量17-7PH钢热轧加工后的组织和性能。结果表明,热轧后Al元素大部分以置换固溶体的形式存在;随着Al含量的增加,基体组织由M+F+残留A转变为F+A,合金的的断裂机理由韧窝加解理变为解理,均匀腐蚀速率先减小后增大,转变点均为2.5%;合金的抗拉强度随Al含量增加先提高后降低,而屈服强度和伸长率均先降低后升高再降低;Al含量为2%的合金综合性能较好。

17-7PH不锈钢在海洋大气环境下的外层接触腐蚀问题研究

腐蚀问题对金属材料的实际应用具有很大影响。以海上大型景观雕塑型建筑用17-7PH不锈钢为研究对象,对其进行不同的表面处理后和TC18钛合金以不同连接方式接触,置于不同海洋环境下暴晒,然后测其疲劳寿命,观察分析其腐蚀形貌以及腐蚀产物。最后得到结论,涂漆能够有效防止17-7PH不锈钢被腐蚀,胶结装配能够有效地抑制腐蚀反应,改善材料的抗腐蚀性能。该研究为17-7PH不锈钢的海上腐蚀研究应用提供了有用参考。

时效处理对17-7PH不锈钢微观组织和维氏硬度的影响

采用JSM-6480扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、Wilson Tukon 1102维氏硬度计研究了时效处理对17-7PH不锈钢微观组织和维氏硬度的影响。结果表明:17-7PH不锈钢经过0℃/30 min深冷处理后,在560℃进行时效处理,随着时效时间的延长,维氏硬度逐渐降低,未进行时效处理时的维氏硬度最高,为481;−73℃/8 h深冷处理后,再510℃/30 min时效处理,达到峰值时效硬度,维氏硬度为500,继续延长时效时间,维氏硬度逐渐降低。

17-7PH沉淀硬化不锈钢电渣重熔过程洁净度的变化

采用35 t电弧炉-AOD脱碳-LF精炼-模铸工艺制备了17-7PH沉淀硬化不锈钢自耗电极,并通过气体保护电渣炉重熔得到了2 t重的电渣锭。利用ASPEX扫描电镜分析了电渣重熔前后17-7PH钢中夹杂物数量、尺寸、成分的变化规律,并采用SEM-EDS进一步观察夹杂物的形貌及组成。研究结果发现,电渣重熔后,O含量由6.6×10^(-6)降至5.7×10^(-6),N含量由200×10^(-6)降至180×10^(-6)。重熔前后夹杂物的类型没有变化,重熔后总的夹杂物数量大幅减少,特别是大颗粒夹杂物的数量明显减少、尺寸减小。电渣锭中总的夹杂物以AlN夹杂物为主,其尺寸较大、数量最多。为了提高17-7PH钢电渣锭的洁净度,应尽可能减少自耗电极中的N含量,以减少电渣重熔过程AlN夹杂物的生成量。

17-7PH不锈钢小气瓶工艺及性能研究

17-7PH不锈钢制某型号小气瓶由氩弧焊焊接成型,热处理后综合性能得到提升。不同工艺的加工效率、焊接性能、强度差异巨大。综合对比原材料消耗、生产效率、产品性能等因素,最终确定小气瓶半球零件投产采用17-7PH不锈钢4 mm板料,通过拉伸后机械加工成型,小气瓶焊接后通过“TH565”热处理强化实现性能提升,爆破试验失效压力大于85 MPa,爆破断口呈撕裂状,断口微观形貌呈“等轴韧窝”,撕裂过程为典型的塑性断裂。

Analyzing the Interplay of Sintering Conditions on Microstructure and Hardness in Indirect Additive Manufacturing of 17-4PH Stainless Steel

Indirect additive manufacturing(AM)methods have recently attracted attention from researchers thanks to their great potential for cheap,straightforward,and small-scale production of metallic components.Atomic diffusion additive manufacturing(ADAM),a variant of indirect AM methods,is a layer-wise indirect AM process recently developed based on fused deposition modeling and metal injection molding.However,there is still limited knowledge of the process conditions and material properties fabricated through this process,where sintering plays a crucial role in the final consolidation of parts.Therefore,this research,for the first time,systematically investigates the impact of various sintering conditions on the shrinkage,relative density,microstructure,and hardness of the 17-4PH ADAM samples.For this reason,as-washed samples were sintered under different time-temperature combinations.The sample density was evaluated using Archimedes,computed tomography,and image analysis methods.The outcomes revealed that sintering variables significantly impacted the density of brown 17-4PH Stainless Steel samples.The results indicated more than 99% relative densities,higher than the value reported by Markforged Inc.(~96%).Based on parallel porosities observed in the computed tomography results,it can be suggested that by modifying the infill pattern during printing,it would be possible to increase the final relative density.The microhardness of the sintered samples in this study was higher than that of the standard sample provided by Markforged Inc.Sintering at 1330℃ for 4 h increased the density of the printed sample without compromising its mechanical properties.According to X-ray diffraction analysis,the standard sample provided by Markforged Inc.and“1330℃—4 h”one had similar stable phases,although copper-rich intermetallics were more abundant in the microstructure of reference samples.This study is expected to facilitate the adoption of indirect metal AM methods by different sectors,thanks to the high achievable relative densities reported here.

Corrosive-wear resistance of stainless steels for the impeller of slurry pump used in zinc hydrometallurgy process

This paper presents corrosive-wear (C-W) behaviors of three kinds of steels under the simulating condition oftraditional zinc hydrometallurgy process by using a self-made rotating disk apparatus. Result shows that pure wear lossrate is significantly larger than pure corrosion loss rate. Under this C-W condition, the ranking of C-W resistance is S2 >S3 > S1 (S1: austenite stainless steel; S2: CD-4MCu duplex stainless steel; S3 :17-4PH stainless steel). S2 has excellentC-W resistance due to strong surface deformation strengthening effect of high-density dislocations of the γ phase. S3 alsohas excellent C-W resistance owing to high hardness and strength. However, S1 does not show good C-W resistanceunder strong erosion of liquid-solid slurry because of its single-phase austenitic structure and very low hardness. As aresult, duplex stainless steels as well as 17-4 PH stainless steel can be used as impeller candidate materials in the zinchydrometallurgy process due to their excellent C-W resistance and lower cost.

采用金相法对17-7PH不锈钢钢丝表层残留奥氏体深度测试

AMS5678G材料规范要求采用金相法对17-7PH不锈钢钢丝表层残留奥氏体深度进行测试,针对测试中存在的试样制备和残留奥氏体层深度界定问题,对试样夹的选择、侵蚀方式与侵蚀时间、残留奥氏体层深度界定进行了试验。结果表明,为避免残留奥氏体显示时化学浸蚀电位的影响,宜采用塑料试样夹进行镶嵌;使用Fry’s试剂以擦拭的方式,擦拭5~10 s显示组织较合适;当钢丝表层存在残留奥氏体层时,其深度界定为致密的残留奥氏体层深度,得到材料规范归口单位认可。

The effects of fabrication atmosphere condition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of laser direct manufactured stainless steel 17-4 PH

The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase constitution, porosity, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness and evolution of substrate temperature. Results showed that the samples produced in air atmosphere condition pos-sessed higher tensile strength and hardness for both as-deposited and heat-treated states than that in Ar chamber condition, due to dispersion strengthening effect of amorphous oxide particles and nitrogen solution strengthening as a result of higher content of oxygen and nitrogen. The temperature of substrate heat accumulation was higher in Ar chamber condition, leading to dramatically lower porosity and more reverse austenite, which also contributed to the lower strength and hardness.

Phase Field Simulation for Grains Evolution of 17-4PH Steel During Cyclic Heat Treatment

A phase field model is developed to simulate the grain evolution of 17-4PH steel during cyclic heat treatment （CHT）. Our simulations successfully reproduce the grain morphologies of every CHT. In the process of every CHT, phase transformation recrystallization happens. The recrystallized grains appear mainly on the original grain boundaries. The average grain size of 13.2 μm obtained by 1040 ℃×1 h solution treatment for this experimental steel can be refined to 2.2 μm after five CHT＇s. Furthermore, the effects of phenomenological parameters in our model are discussed.

On the microstructure and texture evolution in 17-4 PH stainless steel during laser powder bed fusion: Towards textural design

Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metals allows the production of parts with complex designs, offeringadvanced properties if the evolution of the texture can be controlled. 17-4 precipitation hardening (PH)stainless steel is a high strength, high corrosion resistance alloy used in a range of industries suitable forAM, such as aerospace and marine. Despite 17-4 PH being one of the most common steels for AM, thereare still gaps in the understanding of its AM processing–structure relationships. These include the natureof the matrix phase, as well as the development of texture through AM builds under different processingconditions. We have investigated how changing the laser power and scanning strategy affects the microstructure of 17-4 PH during laser powder bed fusion. It is revealed that the matrix phase is δ-ferritewith a limited austenite presence, mainly in regions of the microstructure immediately below melt pools.Austenite fraction is independent of the printing pattern and laser power. However, reducing the timebetween adjacent laser passes during printing results in an increase in the austenite volume fraction.Another effect of the higher laser power, as well as additional remelting within the printing strategy, isan increase in the average grain size by epitaxial ferrite grain growth across multiple build layers andthe development of a mosaic type microstructure. Changes to the scanning strategy have significant impacts on the textures observed along the build direction, while (100) texture along the scanning directionis observed consistently. Mechanisms for texture formation and the mosaic structure are proposed thatpresents a pathway to the design of texture via AM process control.

Microstructure characteristics of segregation zone in 17-4PH stainless steel piston rod

The segregation of Cu and Ni in a 17-4PH stainless steel piston rod has been confirmed to be responsible for the cracking after heat treatment.Further investigation showed that the segregation zone was composed of three layers,namely the fine grain martensitic layer,the coarse grain martensitic layer and the coarse grain austenitic layer from the matrix to the crack surface.Three button ingots with the same chemical compositions as those three layers have been prepared to evaluate the grain size distribution,microstructure and mechanical properties.The effects of Cu and Ni segregation on the microstructures of those three layers have been explored by thermodynamic calculation.Based on the microstructure and mechanical properties results,an intensive understanding of the cracking in the segregation zone was therefore reached.

海洋大气环境下17-7PH不锈钢的接触腐蚀研究

为了研究17-7PH不锈钢在海洋大气环境下接触腐蚀的防护问题,将不同表面状态的17-7PH不锈钢板状试样在青岛团岛和海南万宁进行1年的大气暴晒试验,对其宏观腐蚀形貌对比,并测定其疲劳寿命,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察暴晒试样表面腐蚀形貌,用光学显微镜比较腐蚀坑深度,分析海洋大气腐蚀对17-7PH不锈钢疲劳性能的影响,最后得出了17-7PH不锈钢的腐蚀防护措施。结果表明:在青岛暴晒的不涂漆17-7PH不锈钢试样表面色泽变暗,有均匀的细小点蚀,而海南的试样表面有大面积较均匀的褐色锈层,特别是17-7PH不锈钢与TC18钛合金连接处腐蚀较为集中,但腐蚀并没有降低其疲劳寿命;从暴晒试样的表面微观腐蚀形貌比较,无论涂漆与否,17-7PH不锈钢表面都有轻微腐蚀,但只局限于表层,点蚀不深,并且趋向均匀腐蚀;17-7PH不锈钢抗大气腐蚀性能很好,经钝化后可不涂漆直接在海洋大气环境中使用1年,而不会对其疲劳性能产生明显影响。

17-7PH不锈钢零件硬度不均匀原因分析

17-7PH(0Cr17Ni7Al)沉淀硬化不锈钢零件在进行硬度测试和荧光探伤检验时,发现零件硬度不均匀并存在线性缺陷。利用金相显微镜、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计等手段分别对原材料进行了分析测试。结果表明:原材料组织的不均匀和板材中间存在的铁素体偏析带是导致零件硬度不均匀和线性缺陷的主要原因。