目的系统了解中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的发生现状,为变应性鼻炎的早期防治和干预提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、CBM、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库,获取有关中国1...目的系统了解中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的发生现状,为变应性鼻炎的早期防治和干预提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、CBM、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库,获取有关中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率的横断面研究,检索时限均为建库至2022年5月31日。根据美国卫生保健质量和研究机构推荐的评价标准评价文献的偏移风险后,采用Stata15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入47篇研究,包括243774例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎总患病率为17%(95%CI:15%~20%)。亚组分析结果显示,男性和女性患病率分别为18.0%和14.0%;0~6岁、7~12岁和13~18岁的患病率分别为18.0%、16.0%、23.0%;城市和农村患病率分别为16.0%、9.0%;华北、华东、华南、华中、西北、西南地区患病率分别为19.0%、17.0%、16.0%、21.0%、22.0%、25.0%;发表时间为2003—2007年、2008—2012年、2013—2017年、2018—2022年的患病率分别为9.0%、18.0%、14.0%、22.0%。结论中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率较高,不同性别、年龄段、地区、城乡区域以及文献发表年份之间的患病率存在差异,因此须重视18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的预防和干预工作,以降低变应性鼻炎的发生风险。展开更多
Background: Impetigo is a common skin infection in children. The epidemiology is relatively unknown, and the choice of treatment is subject to debate. Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the inciden...Background: Impetigo is a common skin infection in children. The epidemiology is relatively unknown, and the choice of treatment is subject to debate. Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the incidence and treatment of impetigo in Dutch general practice, and to assess trends between 1987 and 2001. Methods: We used data from the first (1987) and second (2001) Dutch national surveys of general practice. All diagnoses, prescriptions and referrals were registered by the participating general practitioners (GPs), 161 and 195, respectively. Results: The incidence rate of impetigo increased from 16.5 (1987) to 20.6 (2001) per 1000 person years under 18 years old (P < 0.01). In both years, the incidence was significantly higher in summer, in rural areas and in the southern region of the Netherlands, compared with winter, urban areas and northern region, respectively. Socioeconomic status was not associated with the incidence rate. From 1987 to 2001, there was a trend towards treatment with a topical antibiotic (from 43%to 64%), especially fusidic acid cream and mupirocin cream. Treatment with oral antibiotics (from 31%to 14%) and antiseptics (from 11%to 3%) was prescribed less often. Conclusions: We have shown an increased incidence of impetigo in the past decade, which may be the result of an increased tendency to seek help, or increased antibiotic resistance and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Further microbiological research on the marked regional difference in incidence may contribute to understanding the factors that determine the spread of impetigo. Trends in prescribing for impetigo generally follow evidencebased knowledge on the effectiveness of different therapies, rather than the national practice guideline.展开更多
文摘目的系统了解中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的发生现状,为变应性鼻炎的早期防治和干预提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、CBM、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库,获取有关中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率的横断面研究,检索时限均为建库至2022年5月31日。根据美国卫生保健质量和研究机构推荐的评价标准评价文献的偏移风险后,采用Stata15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入47篇研究,包括243774例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎总患病率为17%(95%CI:15%~20%)。亚组分析结果显示,男性和女性患病率分别为18.0%和14.0%;0~6岁、7~12岁和13~18岁的患病率分别为18.0%、16.0%、23.0%;城市和农村患病率分别为16.0%、9.0%;华北、华东、华南、华中、西北、西南地区患病率分别为19.0%、17.0%、16.0%、21.0%、22.0%、25.0%;发表时间为2003—2007年、2008—2012年、2013—2017年、2018—2022年的患病率分别为9.0%、18.0%、14.0%、22.0%。结论中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率较高,不同性别、年龄段、地区、城乡区域以及文献发表年份之间的患病率存在差异,因此须重视18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的预防和干预工作,以降低变应性鼻炎的发生风险。
文摘Background: Impetigo is a common skin infection in children. The epidemiology is relatively unknown, and the choice of treatment is subject to debate. Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the incidence and treatment of impetigo in Dutch general practice, and to assess trends between 1987 and 2001. Methods: We used data from the first (1987) and second (2001) Dutch national surveys of general practice. All diagnoses, prescriptions and referrals were registered by the participating general practitioners (GPs), 161 and 195, respectively. Results: The incidence rate of impetigo increased from 16.5 (1987) to 20.6 (2001) per 1000 person years under 18 years old (P < 0.01). In both years, the incidence was significantly higher in summer, in rural areas and in the southern region of the Netherlands, compared with winter, urban areas and northern region, respectively. Socioeconomic status was not associated with the incidence rate. From 1987 to 2001, there was a trend towards treatment with a topical antibiotic (from 43%to 64%), especially fusidic acid cream and mupirocin cream. Treatment with oral antibiotics (from 31%to 14%) and antiseptics (from 11%to 3%) was prescribed less often. Conclusions: We have shown an increased incidence of impetigo in the past decade, which may be the result of an increased tendency to seek help, or increased antibiotic resistance and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Further microbiological research on the marked regional difference in incidence may contribute to understanding the factors that determine the spread of impetigo. Trends in prescribing for impetigo generally follow evidencebased knowledge on the effectiveness of different therapies, rather than the national practice guideline.