The hydrolysis of MgH_(2) delivers high hydrogen capacity(15.2 wt%),which is very attractive for real-time hydrogen supply.However,the formation of a surface passivation Mg(OH)_(2) layer and the large excess of H_(2)O...The hydrolysis of MgH_(2) delivers high hydrogen capacity(15.2 wt%),which is very attractive for real-time hydrogen supply.However,the formation of a surface passivation Mg(OH)_(2) layer and the large excess of H_(2)O required to ensure complete hydrolysis are two key challenges for the MgH_(2) hydrolysis systems.Now,a low-cost method is reported to synthesize MgH_(2)@Mg(BH_(4))_(2) composite via ball-milling MgH_(2) with cheap and widely available B_(2)O_(3)(or B(OH)_(3)).By adding small amounts of B_(2)O_(3),the in-situ formed Mg(BH_(4))_(2) could significantly promote the hydrolysis of MgH_(2).In particular,the MgH_(2)–10 wt%B_(2)O_(3) composite releases 1330.7 mL·g^(−1) H_(2)(close to 80%theoretical hydrogen generation H_(2))in H_(2)O and 1520.4 mL·g^(−1) H_(2)(about 95%)in 0.5 M MgCl_(2) in 60 min at 26℃ with hydrolysis rate of 736.9 mL·g^(−1)·min^(−1) and 960.9 mL·g^(−1)·min^(−1) H_(2) during the first minute of the hydrolysis,respectively.In addition,the MgCl_(2) solution allows repeated use by filtering and exhibits high cycle stability(20 cycles),therefore leading to much reduced capacity loss caused by the excess H_(2)O.We show that by introducing B_(2)O_(3) and recycling the 0.5 M MgCl_(2) solution,the system hydrogen capacity can approach 5.9 wt%,providing a promising hydrogen generation scheme to supply hydrogen to the fuel cells.展开更多
目的探索初治慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清中细胞因子表达水平及其与病毒载量和肝脏炎症程度的关系,以期为临床动态评估CHB的病情和预后提供新思路。方法选择2018年10月至2019年11月就诊于海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第一附属医院感染科...目的探索初治慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清中细胞因子表达水平及其与病毒载量和肝脏炎症程度的关系,以期为临床动态评估CHB的病情和预后提供新思路。方法选择2018年10月至2019年11月就诊于海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第一附属医院感染科的初治慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者68例,健康对照者12名,通过ELISA检测血清中细胞因子IL-17A、IL-2、IL-21和IL-4表达水平,化学发光法检测HBV血清学标志物,qPCR法检测血清HBV DNA定量,全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能指标。采用Spearman相关分析评估血清细胞因子与病毒载量及肝脏炎症程度的相关性,绘制ROC曲线评价血清细胞因子水平对肝脏炎症程度的判断效能。结果相较于健康对照者,初治CHB患者血清IL-17A[17.50(11.99,25.36)pg/mL vs 13.74(9.07,16.94)pg/mL,Z=-2.001,P=0.045]、IL-21[37.12(23.85,77.66)pg/mL vs 20.30(17.90,24.19)pg/mL,Z=-3.485,P<0.01]水平升高,IL-2[57.19(31.10,79.92)pg/mL vs 73.06(62.41,105.84)pg/mL,Z=-2.509,P=0.012]水平降低,IL-4[11.40(5.79,18.62)pg/mL vs 10.84(8.05,25.20)pg/mL,Z=-0.681,P=0.496]水平差异无统计学意义。不同病程CHB患者的IL-17A表达水平差异有统计意义(H=8.870,P=0.031)。与非活动状态患者相比,炎症活动状态CHB患者血清中IL-17A[17.71(12.25,27.92)pg/mL vs 16.51(6.29,20.22)pg/mL]和IL-21[39.29(24.71,83.19)pg/mL vs 25.06(19.37,49.43)pg/mL]水平升高、IL-2[57.19(31.10,77.68)pg/mL vs 71.24(48.07,117.39)pg/mL]水平下降(均P<0.05),IL-4[11.40(5.94,18.12)pg/mL vs 14.57(3.12,24.49)pg/mL]水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HBeAg阳性CHB患者、HBeAg阴性CHB患者血清IL-17A[15.34(10.65,25.04)、19.98(15.55,34.14)pg/mL vs 13.74(9.07,16.94)pg/mL,H=10.061,P=0.007]和IL-21[37.74(25.06,82.87)、51.74(23.32,83.82)pg/mL vs 20.30(17.90,24.19)pg/mL,H=12.444,P=0.002]水平高于健康对照者,IL-2[57.19(37.45,79.92)、37.45(18.32,73.06)pg/mL vs 73.06(62.41,105.84)pg/mL,H=6.576,P=0.037]水平低于健康对照者。初治CHB患者血清IL-17A、IL-21、IL-4水平与HBV DNA定量无相关性(r=0.02、0.23、0.07,均P>0.05),IL-2水平与HBV DNA定量存在弱相关性(r=0.32,P=0.01)。初治CHB患者血清IL-17A、IL-21水平与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平(r=0.59、0.49,均P<0.01)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平(r=0.47、0.36,均P<0.01)均存在相关性,而IL-2、IL-4水平与ALT、AST水平均无相关性(均P>0.05)。ALT≥300 U/L初治CHB组、ALT<300 U/L初治CHB组及健康对照组间血清IL-17A、IL-2、IL-21水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中ALT≥300 U/L初治CHB组IL-17A、IL-21水平均高于ALT<300 U/L初治CHB组及健康对照组(均P<0.01),ALT<300 U/L初治CHB组IL-2水平低于健康对照组、IL-21水平高于健康对照组(均P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,IL-17A判断肝脏炎症程度的AUC值为0.8933(95%CI 0.7930~0.9936),IL-21判断肝脏炎症程度的AUC值为0.7600(95%CI 0.6227~0.8973)。结论IL-17A、IL-2和IL-21参与慢性HBV感染进程。初治CHB患者无论HBeAg阳性与否或炎症程度高低,血清IL-17A和IL-21水平均升高,IL-2水平均下降;IL-2与HBV DNA定量有一定相关性;IL-17A和IL-21与ALT及AST均存在正相关;检测IL-17A和IL-2有助于病情评估与预后判断。展开更多
基金supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2022A1515011832 and 2021A1515110676)supported by GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(2022GDASZH-2022010104,2022GDASZH-2022030604-04).
文摘The hydrolysis of MgH_(2) delivers high hydrogen capacity(15.2 wt%),which is very attractive for real-time hydrogen supply.However,the formation of a surface passivation Mg(OH)_(2) layer and the large excess of H_(2)O required to ensure complete hydrolysis are two key challenges for the MgH_(2) hydrolysis systems.Now,a low-cost method is reported to synthesize MgH_(2)@Mg(BH_(4))_(2) composite via ball-milling MgH_(2) with cheap and widely available B_(2)O_(3)(or B(OH)_(3)).By adding small amounts of B_(2)O_(3),the in-situ formed Mg(BH_(4))_(2) could significantly promote the hydrolysis of MgH_(2).In particular,the MgH_(2)–10 wt%B_(2)O_(3) composite releases 1330.7 mL·g^(−1) H_(2)(close to 80%theoretical hydrogen generation H_(2))in H_(2)O and 1520.4 mL·g^(−1) H_(2)(about 95%)in 0.5 M MgCl_(2) in 60 min at 26℃ with hydrolysis rate of 736.9 mL·g^(−1)·min^(−1) and 960.9 mL·g^(−1)·min^(−1) H_(2) during the first minute of the hydrolysis,respectively.In addition,the MgCl_(2) solution allows repeated use by filtering and exhibits high cycle stability(20 cycles),therefore leading to much reduced capacity loss caused by the excess H_(2)O.We show that by introducing B_(2)O_(3) and recycling the 0.5 M MgCl_(2) solution,the system hydrogen capacity can approach 5.9 wt%,providing a promising hydrogen generation scheme to supply hydrogen to the fuel cells.
文摘目的探索初治慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清中细胞因子表达水平及其与病毒载量和肝脏炎症程度的关系,以期为临床动态评估CHB的病情和预后提供新思路。方法选择2018年10月至2019年11月就诊于海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第一附属医院感染科的初治慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者68例,健康对照者12名,通过ELISA检测血清中细胞因子IL-17A、IL-2、IL-21和IL-4表达水平,化学发光法检测HBV血清学标志物,qPCR法检测血清HBV DNA定量,全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能指标。采用Spearman相关分析评估血清细胞因子与病毒载量及肝脏炎症程度的相关性,绘制ROC曲线评价血清细胞因子水平对肝脏炎症程度的判断效能。结果相较于健康对照者,初治CHB患者血清IL-17A[17.50(11.99,25.36)pg/mL vs 13.74(9.07,16.94)pg/mL,Z=-2.001,P=0.045]、IL-21[37.12(23.85,77.66)pg/mL vs 20.30(17.90,24.19)pg/mL,Z=-3.485,P<0.01]水平升高,IL-2[57.19(31.10,79.92)pg/mL vs 73.06(62.41,105.84)pg/mL,Z=-2.509,P=0.012]水平降低,IL-4[11.40(5.79,18.62)pg/mL vs 10.84(8.05,25.20)pg/mL,Z=-0.681,P=0.496]水平差异无统计学意义。不同病程CHB患者的IL-17A表达水平差异有统计意义(H=8.870,P=0.031)。与非活动状态患者相比,炎症活动状态CHB患者血清中IL-17A[17.71(12.25,27.92)pg/mL vs 16.51(6.29,20.22)pg/mL]和IL-21[39.29(24.71,83.19)pg/mL vs 25.06(19.37,49.43)pg/mL]水平升高、IL-2[57.19(31.10,77.68)pg/mL vs 71.24(48.07,117.39)pg/mL]水平下降(均P<0.05),IL-4[11.40(5.94,18.12)pg/mL vs 14.57(3.12,24.49)pg/mL]水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HBeAg阳性CHB患者、HBeAg阴性CHB患者血清IL-17A[15.34(10.65,25.04)、19.98(15.55,34.14)pg/mL vs 13.74(9.07,16.94)pg/mL,H=10.061,P=0.007]和IL-21[37.74(25.06,82.87)、51.74(23.32,83.82)pg/mL vs 20.30(17.90,24.19)pg/mL,H=12.444,P=0.002]水平高于健康对照者,IL-2[57.19(37.45,79.92)、37.45(18.32,73.06)pg/mL vs 73.06(62.41,105.84)pg/mL,H=6.576,P=0.037]水平低于健康对照者。初治CHB患者血清IL-17A、IL-21、IL-4水平与HBV DNA定量无相关性(r=0.02、0.23、0.07,均P>0.05),IL-2水平与HBV DNA定量存在弱相关性(r=0.32,P=0.01)。初治CHB患者血清IL-17A、IL-21水平与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平(r=0.59、0.49,均P<0.01)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平(r=0.47、0.36,均P<0.01)均存在相关性,而IL-2、IL-4水平与ALT、AST水平均无相关性(均P>0.05)。ALT≥300 U/L初治CHB组、ALT<300 U/L初治CHB组及健康对照组间血清IL-17A、IL-2、IL-21水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中ALT≥300 U/L初治CHB组IL-17A、IL-21水平均高于ALT<300 U/L初治CHB组及健康对照组(均P<0.01),ALT<300 U/L初治CHB组IL-2水平低于健康对照组、IL-21水平高于健康对照组(均P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,IL-17A判断肝脏炎症程度的AUC值为0.8933(95%CI 0.7930~0.9936),IL-21判断肝脏炎症程度的AUC值为0.7600(95%CI 0.6227~0.8973)。结论IL-17A、IL-2和IL-21参与慢性HBV感染进程。初治CHB患者无论HBeAg阳性与否或炎症程度高低,血清IL-17A和IL-21水平均升高,IL-2水平均下降;IL-2与HBV DNA定量有一定相关性;IL-17A和IL-21与ALT及AST均存在正相关;检测IL-17A和IL-2有助于病情评估与预后判断。
