Robust stability test for 2-D continuous-discrete systems with interval parameters

It is revealed that the dynamic stability of 2-D recursive continuous-discrete systems with interval parameters involves the problem of robust Hurwitz-Schur stability of bivariate polynomials family. It is proved that the Hurwitz-Schur stability of the denominator polynomials of the systems is necessary and sufficient for the asymptotic stability of the 2-D hybrid systems. The 2-D hybrid transformation, i. e. 2-D Laplace-Z transformation, has been proposed to solve the stability analysis of the 2-D continuous-discrete systems, to get the 2-D hybrid transfer functions of the systems. The edge test for the Hurwitz-Schur stability of interval bivariate polynomials is introduced. The Hurwitz-Schur stability of the interval family of 2-D polynomials can be guaranteed by the stability of its finite edge polynomials of the family. An algorithm about the stability test of edge polynomials is given.

Two-Dimensional Interpolation Criterion Using DFT Coefficients

In this paper,we address the frequency estimator for 2-dimensional(2-D)complex sinusoids in the presence of white Gaussian noise.With the use of the sinc function model of the discrete Fourier transform(DFT)coefficients on the input data,a fast and accurate frequency estimator is devised,where only the DFT coefficient with the highest magnitude and its four neighbors are required.Variance analysis is also included to investigate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.Simulation results are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the developed scheme,in terms of the estimation performance and computational complexity.

Multi-scale Incremental Analysis Update Scheme and Its Application to Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)Prediction

In the traditional incremental analysis update(IAU)process,all analysis increments are treated as constant forcing in a model’s prognostic equations over a certain time window.This approach effectively reduces high-frequency oscillations introduced by data assimilation.However,as different scales of increments have unique evolutionary speeds and life histories in a numerical model,the traditional IAU scheme cannot fully meet the requirements of short-term forecasting for the damping of high-frequency noise and may even cause systematic drifts.Therefore,a multi-scale IAU scheme is proposed in this paper.Analysis increments were divided into different scale parts using a spatial filtering technique.For each scale increment,the optimal relaxation time in the IAU scheme was determined by the skill of the forecasting results.Finally,different scales of analysis increments were added to the model integration during their optimal relaxation time.The multi-scale IAU scheme can effectively reduce the noise and further improve the balance between large-scale and small-scale increments in the model initialization stage.To evaluate its performance,several numerical experiments were conducted to simulate the path and intensity of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)and showed that:(1)the multi-scale IAU scheme had an obvious effect on noise control at the initial stage of data assimilation;(2)the optimal relaxation time for large-scale and small-scale increments was estimated as 6 h and 3 h,respectively;(3)the forecast performance of the multi-scale IAU scheme in the prediction of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)was better than that of the traditional IAU scheme.The results demonstrate the superiority of the multi-scale IAU scheme.

基于二维DFT变换的调频引信信号处理方法

针对无线电调频引信信号处理难以对目标距离-速度信息进行联合估计,提出了基于二维DFT(离散傅里叶变换)变换的调频引信信号处理方法。该方法把无线电调频引信的一维差频信号变换为二维矩阵,然后对二维矩阵数据进行二维DFT变换。通过二维DFT变换后的二维频域信息联合估计差频信号中的距离,速度信息。仿真试验表明,该方法能够利用无线电调频引信差频信号进行运动目标距离-速度联合估计,为无线电调频引信实现高精度分档装定,干扰信号识别提供了一种技术途径。

An ensemble learning method to retrieve sea ice roughness from Sentinel-1 SAR images

Sea ice surface roughness(SIR)affects the energy transfer between the atmosphere and the ocean,and it is also an important indicator for sea ice characteristics.To obtain a small-scale SIR with high spatial resolution,a novel method is proposed to retrieve SIR from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images,utilizing an ensemble learning method.Firstly,the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is applied to obtain the spatial information of sea ice,including the scale and direction of ice patterns.Secondly,a model is developed using the Adaboost Regression model to establish a relationship among SIR,radar backscatter and the spatial information of sea ice.The proposed method is validated by using the SIR retrieved from SAR images and comparing it to the measurements obtained by the Airborne Topographic Mapper(ATM)in the summer Beaufort Sea.The determination of coefficient,mean absolute error,root-mean-square error and mean absolute percentage error of the testing data are 0.91,1.71 cm,2.82 cm,and 36.37%,respectively,which are reasonable.Moreover,K-fold cross-validation and learning curves are analyzed,which also demonstrate the method’s applicability in retrieving SIR from SAR images.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER AIDED GARMENT DESIGN SYSTEM

A 3-Dimensional computer aided garment design (CAGD) system has been developed andimplemented on a high-performance workstation. We studied various approaches to the func-tional modelling of garment designs for the system. According to the characteristic data of a hu-man body, the models of human body and the garment are displayed on the screen, then we canmodify the garment with various styles and different sizes. The system can transform the 3-Dgarment to the 2-D pieces. The system has improved design efficiency. Various potential alterna-tives and improvement of the system have also been studied and explored.

二维离散傅立叶-离散小波混合变换及其在超声波医学图像去噪中的应用

如果二维信号沿水平方向和沿垂直方向的干扰和噪声是异类的,如沿水平方向为窄带频率干扰,而沿垂直方向为高斯白噪声,使用传统的二维离散傅立叶离散变换(2-D DFT)或二维离散小波变换(2-D DWT)可能造成信号成分的丢失和不必要的计算,而采用[1,2]提出的一种混合的二维变换:二维离散傅立叶离散小波混合变换(2-D DFT-DWT),可有效解决异类的干扰和噪声中的信号提取问题。本文在[1,2]的基础上,进一步补充了2-D DFT-DWT的定义和算法,指出这种混合变换可被用来从不同方向去除二维信号中的噪声和干扰。通过这种变换可以结合离散傅立叶变换和离散小波变换二者的优点从干扰和噪声中提取有效信号。本文通过对超声波医学图像去除斑点噪声的具体实例说明了它的应用。

二维傅立叶变换的教学实践

"数字图像处理"是一门理论与实践并重的课程,二维傅立叶变换是其中的重要章节之一。本文通过对二维傅立叶变换章节内容的解析,结合以往在教学过程中存在的一些问题,具体从基于问题的启发式教学、基础理论与编程实践的有机结合及学生上讲台自主汇报等方面给出了一些教学探索和体会。实践表明,这些措施激发了学生的学习热情和兴趣,提高了课程的教学效果。

OFDM系统时频二维信道估计研究

针对短波信道时变色散的特点,设计了OFDM系统信道估计所需的时频二维棱形插入导频图案,并根据时频域两方向导频插入的稀疏程度,选择了二维插值的方法和插值次序,另外,提出了改进的变换域DFT信道估计算法。该算法通过适当选取变换域补零的位置,有效减小了非整数倍采样间隔信道时延引入的能量泄露,并滤除了噪声的影响。最后,在短波多径环境下仿真算法的性能,并与常用频域插值算法和维纳滤波方法进行了对比。仿真结果表明:改进方法的增强了算法对多径延迟分布的鲁棒性,提高了信道估计精度,同时还保持了较低的计算复杂度。

Reaching law based sliding mode control for a frame structure under seismic load

Implementation of efficient vibration control schemes for seismically excited structures is becoming more and more important in recent years.In this study,the influence of different control schemes on the dynamic performance of a frame structure excited by El Centro wave,with an emphasis on reaching law based control strategies,is examined.Reaching law refers to the reachable problem and criteria for the sliding state of a control system.Three reaching laws are designed to present different sliding mode control strategies by incorporating a state space model that describes structural dynamic characteristics of a frame structure.Both intact and damaged structures are studied by using the aforementioned control strategies.The influence of different structural damage extents,control locations and reaching law based control methods are further investigated.The results show that the structure can be well controlled using the sliding mode strategy when the induced structural damage extent does not exceed the standard percentage for considering the structure was damaged,which is 20%reduction in structure stiffness,as reported in the literature.The control effectiveness is more satisfactory if the control location is the same as the direction of external excitation.Furthermore,to study the chattering phenomenon of the sliding mode control method,approximation and detail components extracted from the phase plots of the sliding mode control system are compared via wavelet transform at different scales.The results show that for the same type of control law,the system behaves with similar chattering phenomenon.

APPLICATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVELET TRANSFORM IN NEAR-SHORE X-BAND RADAR IMAGES

Among existing remote sensing applications, land-based X-band radar is an effective technique to monitor the wave fields, and spatial wave information could be obtained from the radar images. Two-dimensional Fourier Transform （2-D FT） is the common algorithm to derive the spectra of radar images. However, the wave field in the nearshore area is highly non-homogeneous due to wave refraction, shoaling, and other coastal mechanisms. When applied in nearshore radar images, 2-D FT would lead to ambiguity of wave characteristics in wave number domain. In this article, we introduce two-dimensional Wavelet Transform （2-D WT） to capture the non-homogeneity of wave fields from nearshore radar images. The results show that wave number spectra by 2-D WT at six parallel space locations in the given image clearly present the shoaling of nearshore waves. Wave number of the peak wave energy is increasing along the inshore direction, and dominant direction of the spectra changes from South South West （SSW） to West South West （WSW）. To verify the results of 2-D WT, wave shoaling in radar images is calculated based on dispersion relation. The theoretical calculation results agree with the results of 2-D WT on the whole. The encouraging performance of 2-D WT indicates its strong capability of revealing the non-homogeneity of wave fields in nearshore X-band radar images.