Multiple targets vector miss distance measurement accuracy based on 2-D assignment algorithms

An extension of 2-D assignment approach is proposed for measurement-to-target association for improving multiple targets vector miss distance measurement accuracy. When the multiple targets move so closely, the measurements can not be fully resolved due to finite resolution. The proposed method adopts an auction algorithm to compute the feasible measurement-to-target assignment with unresolved measurements for solving this 2-D assignment problem. Computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this method.

2-D distributed pose estimation of multi-agent systems using bearing measurements

This article studies distributed pose(orientation and position)estimation of leader–follower multi-agent systems over𝜅-layer graphs in 2-D plane.Only the leaders have access to their orientations and positions,while the followers can measure the relative bearings or(angular and linear)velocities in their unknown local coordinate frames.For the orientation estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the relative orientations among the agents,based on which a distributed orientation estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its orientation.For the position estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the position constraints among the agents,and a distributed position estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its position by solving its position constraints.Both the orientation and position estimation errors converge to zero asymptotically.A simulation example is given to verify the theoretical results.

2-D mini mumfuzzy entropy method of image thresholding based on genetic algorithm

A new image thresholding method is introduced, which is based on 2-D histgram and minimizing the measures of fuzziness of an input image. A new definition of fuzzy membership function is proposed, it denotes the characteristic relationship between the gray level of each pixel and the average value of its neighborhood. When the threshold is not located at the obvious and deep valley of the histgram, genetic algorithm is devoted to the problem of selecting the appropriate threshold value. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has good performance.

基于改进TLS-ESPRIT与自卷积窗的谐波与间谐波检测算法

随着光伏发电系统大规模接入电网,不可避免地带来了严重的谐波污染问题。为了有效监测光伏并网系统输出电流的谐波、间谐波,提出了一种基于改进快速最小二乘法-旋转不变法(total least squares-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique,TLS-ESPRIT)与2阶Blackman-Harris自卷积窗相结合的检测方法。首先对待测信号进行三次采样并利用快速TLS-ESPRIT算法检测频率。随后对检测结果基于简化K-means聚类算法进行分析,提取出真实的谐波分量。最后结合2阶Blackman-Harris自卷积窗对信号进行加窗插值计算,准确估算出其幅值、相位信息,实现了谐波、间谐波的高精度检测。仿真算例和现场数据测试结果表明,所提方法相较于传统方法具有更高的谐波、间谐波检测精度,且抗干扰能力更强。

二维虚拟ESPRIT算法

本文通过构造出一特殊阵元阵列，提出了一种全新的二维 ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法──二维虚拟 ＥＳＰＲＩＹ算法。它具有计算量极低、估计效果好、子阵列要求低等优点，并且通过采取一定措施，可以适用于各种情况，使得本文方法具有较强的灵活性和实用性。

基于修正ESPRIT算法的二维DOA估计

针对二维ESPRIT算法在求解相干信号的时候存在较大的阵列冗余度,为了降低计算量,提高算法的解相干能力,在双排平行均匀线阵的基础上,介绍了一种二维修正ESPRIT算法.通过对子阵的合并,摒弃了原协方差矩阵中的冗余数据,使得新构成的协方差矩阵的维数比原来下降了近33%,从而降低了特征值分解的维数,并且新构成的协方差矩阵可以对接收数据进行共轭重排再利用.理论分析和仿真实验表明,该算法降低了计算量,提高了对非相干信号的估计准确度,同时具有一定的解相干能力.

一种快速二维虚拟ESPRIT算法

通过对二维虚拟ESPRIT信号参量估计算法的分析,提出了一种快速二维虚拟ESPRIT算法.理论分析表明二者的估计结果相同,但快速二维虚拟ESPRIT算法的计算复杂度低,并由计算机仿真实验进行了验证.

基于Unitary-ESPRIT算法的二维DOA估计

提出了一种采用酉ESPRIT(Unitary-Estimation ofSignal Parameters via Rotational Invariant Technique,Unitary-ESPRIT)算法对目标的二维波达方向(Direction-of-Arrival,DOA)进行估计,接收信号模型为中心对称的平面阵。与二维MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)算法、二维求根MUSIC算法、二维ESPRIT算法不同的是,该算法将复矩阵运算转化为实矩阵计算,简化了运算复杂程度,并且目标的DOA估计精度也相应的得到提高,是一种比较高效的DOA估计算法。

二维ESPRIT算法参数的快速配对

针对二维ESPRIT算法的参数估计问题,为了简化算法的复杂度,提高参数配对的速度,提出了一种新的二维ESPRIT参数配对方法.该方法利用矩阵、矩阵的特征值及特征值对应的特征向量三者之间的关系,只需对包含信号到达角信息的2个矩阵中的1个进行1次特征值分解以及简单的除法运算就可以实现参数的自动配对,无需经过多次矩阵变换.在保证二维ESPRIT算法参数估计性能的前提下,该方法简化了参数的配对过程.计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性.

基于传播算子的二维ESPRIT算法

为了提高经典参数估计旋转不变法(Estimation of signal parameters via rotational Invariance Technique,ESPRIT)处理数据的效率,提出基于传播算子的二维虚拟ESPRIT的改进算法。该算法通过构造一组虚拟阵列得到新的虚拟接收数据,利用传播算子将这组新数据与真实阵列得到的数据进行数据重构,从而得到噪声子空间避免特征值分解,最终可估计出用户的二维波达方向估计。理论分析表明,该方法的波达方向估计性能优于传统的ESPRIT方法,且降低了运算量,提高了阵列的利用率和算法的抗干扰能力,最后由计算机仿真实验证明此方法的有效性。

一种改进的二维虚拟ESPRIT算法—虚拟波达方向矩阵法

二维虚拟ESPRIT算法对子阵列内部结构要求低,但在低信噪比环境下,其估计误差较大。提出一种改进的二维虚拟ESPRIT算法,该算法具有二维虚拟ESPRIT算法的优点,但在低信噪比条件下他的估计误差更小,算法运算量更低。计算机仿真实验表明了改进的二维虚拟ESPRIT算法的有效性。

一种VESPRIT-TSM算法研究

为了提高波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的性能,提出一种虚拟借助旋转不变技术估计信号参数的时空矩阵(Virtual Estimating Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques-Time Spatial Matrix,VE-SPRIT-TSM)算法。即利用两行均匀直线阵构造出三组子阵列,并根据由此得到的数据估计用户的二维DOA。理论分析表明,该算法可提高了阵列的利用率,计算误差更小,并能改善DOA的估计性能。计算机仿真实验证明该算法有效。

一种用于二维DOA估计的新颖Unitary ESPRIT算法

提出了一种基于双均匀线阵的特性新颖的Unitary ESPRIT算法。算法根据阵列接收数据,构造了一种实值数据形式,对其作实值奇异值分解,获得信号子空间。算法利用阵元几何的平移不变特性,构造了包含入射信号方位角和俯仰角的估计量。利用构造的估计量的特征值估计俯仰角信息,利用其对应的特征向量估计方位角信息,自动完成角度的配对。所提方法不仅保持了矩阵DOA估计算法和二维ESPRIT算法的优点,如自动的参数配对、不需要二维谱峰搜索等,而且能够在实数域中直接获得信号子空间,能够有效降低运算量。算法可以增加估计信号个数。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。

基于均匀面阵的酉ESPRIT算法在二维DOA估计中的应用

二维波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计是智能天线技术中的一个关键问题.在低信噪比、低快拍数条件下,常规DOA估计算法的性能会严重下降.针对此问题,提出了一种基于均匀面阵的酉ESPRIT算法.算法将复矩阵转化为实矩阵计算,使运算复杂程度简化,估计精度提高,且可实现参数自动配对,是一种比较高效的DOA估计算法.计算机仿真结果表明了所提算法在测向性能方面比常规DOA估计算法有更好的估计性能,且在低信噪比和低快拍数条件下估计性能不受影响,同时具有更小的运算量.

Three-Dimensional Interferometric ISAR Sensors Imaging for the Ship Target with Two-Dimensional Sparsity

There are great challenges for traditional three-dimensional( 3-D) interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar( In ISAR) imaging algorithms of ship targets w ith 2-D sparsity in actual radar imaging system. To deal w ith this problem,a novel 3-D In ISAR imaging method is proposed in this paper.First,the high-precision gradient adaptive algorithm w as adopted to reconstruct the echoes in range dimension. Then the method of minimizing the entropy of the average range profile w as applied to estimate the parameters w hich are used to compensate translation components of the received echoes. Besides,the phase adjustment and image coregistration of the sparse echoes w ere achieved at the same time through the approach of the joint phase autofocus. Finally,the 3-D geometry coordinates of the ship target w ith 2-D sparsity w ere reconstructed by combining the range measurement and interferometric processing of the ISAR images. Simulation experiments w ere carried out to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the algorithm in the case that the received echoes are in 2-D sparsity.

一种高性能的二维波达方向估计算法

在二维虚拟ESPRIT算法的基础上,提出了一种高性能的改进算法。改进方法依照子阵数据直接空间平滑的思想对子阵数据进行预处理,用虚拟阵列变换技术实施阵列变换,采用波达方向矩阵法的思路计算二维角度参数。仿真结果表明,相比于空域平滑的DOA矩阵法和空域平滑的二维虚拟ESPRIT算法,该方法在低信噪比情况下对相干信号源具有更好的估计性能,对独立信号源,能够估计出超过子阵阵元数的信号。

基于均匀圆阵模式空间和多重旋转不变子空间算法的完备二维DOA估计算法

为了在低运算量下提高均匀圆阵中二维测角的精度,提出一种基于圆阵模式空间和多重旋转不变子空间算法的二维波达方向估计算法。首先利用模式空间算法将均匀圆阵等效为虚拟均匀线阵,并利用贝塞尔函数的递推性质推导此种情况下阵列的旋转不变特性。然后根据虚拟线阵的结构提出一种简便有效的子阵划分办法,在此基础上得出阵列的多重旋转不变方程,并利用多重最小二乘准则得出其完备解,从而完成对信号二维到达角的估计,仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。

Threshold Selection Method Based on Reciprocal Gray Entropy and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Since the logarithmic form of Shannon entropy has the drawback of undefined value at zero points,and most existing threshold selection methods only depend on the probability information,ignoring the within-class uniformity of gray level,a method of reciprocal gray entropy threshold selection is proposed based on two-dimensional(2-D)histogram region oblique division and artificial bee colony(ABC)optimization.Firstly,the definition of reciprocal gray entropy is introduced.Then on the basis of one-dimensional(1-D)method,2-D threshold selection criterion function based on reciprocal gray entropy with histogram oblique division is derived.To accelerate the progress of searching the optimal threshold,the recently proposed ABC optimization algorithm is adopted.The proposed method not only avoids the undefined value points in Shannon entropy,but also achieves high accuracy and anti-noise performance due to reasonable 2-D histogram region division and the consideration of within-class uniformity of gray level.A large number of experimental results show that,compared with the maximum Shannon entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division and the reciprocal entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division based on niche chaotic mutation particle swarm optimization(NCPSO),the proposed method can achieve better segmentation results and can satisfy the requirement of real-time processing.

An Effective Method of Threshold Selection for Small Object Image

The image segmentation difficulties of small objects which are much smaller than their background often occur in target detection and recognition. The existing threshold segmentation methods almost fail under the circumstances. Thus, a threshold selection method is proposed on the basis of area difference between background and object and intra-class variance. The threshold selection formulae based on one-dimensional (1-D) histogram, two-dimensional (2-D) histogram vertical segmentation and 2-D histogram oblique segmentation are given. A fast recursive algorithm of threshold selection in 2-D histogram oblique segmentation is derived. The segmented images and processing time of the proposed method are given in experiments. It is compared with some fast algorithms, such as Otsu, maximum entropy and Fisher threshold selection methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively segment the small object images and has better anti-noise property.

Two Dimensional Spatial Independent Component Analysis and Its Application in fMRI Data Process

One important application of independent component analysis （ICA） is in image processing. A two dimensional （2-D） composite ICA algorithm framework for 2-D image independent component analysis （2-D ICA） is proposed. The 2-D nature of the algorithm provides it an advantage of circumventing the roundabout transforming procedures between two dimensional （2-D） image deta and one-dimensional （l-D） signal. Moreover the combination of the Newton （fixed-point algorithm） and natural gradient algorithms in this composite algorithm increases its efficiency and robustness. The convincing results of a successful example in functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） show the potential application of composite 2-D ICA in the brain activity detection.