Kalman Filter for Generalized 2-D Roesser Models

The design problem of the state filter for the generalized stochastic 2-D Roesser models, which appears when both the state and measurement are simultaneously subjected to the interference from white noise, is discussed. The well-known Kalman filter design is extended to the generalized 2-D Roesser models. Based on the method of “scanning line by line”,the filtering problem of generalized 2-D Roesser models with mode-energy reconstruction is solved. The formula of the optimal filtering, which minimizes the variance of the estimation error of the state vectors, is derived. The validity of the designed filter is verified by the calculation steps and the examples are introduced.

2-D Modeling and Calculations of Stratospheric Ozone and Influences of Convection, Diffusion, and Time

An engineering system approach of 2-D cylindrical model of transient mass balance calculations of ozone and other concerned chemicals along with fourteen photolysis, ozone-generating and ozone-depleting chemical reaction equations was developed, validated, and used for studying the ozone concentrations, distribution and peak of the layer, ozone depletion and total ozone abundance in the stratosphere. The calculated ozone concentrations and profile at both the Equator and a 60˚N location were found to follow closely with the measured data. The calculated average ozone concentration was within 1% of the measured average, and the deviation of ozone profiles was within 14%. The monthly evolution of stratospheric ozone concentrations and distribution above the Equator was studied with results discussed in details. The influences of slow air movement in both altitudinal and radial directions on ozone concentrations and profile in the stratosphere were explored and discussed. Parametric studies of the influences of gas diffusivities of ozone DO3 and active atomic oxygen DO on ozone concentrations and distributions were also studied and delineated. Having both influences through physical diffusion and chemical reactions, the diffusivity (and diffusion) of atomic oxygen DO was found to be more sensitive and important than that of ozone DO3 on ozone concentrations and distribution. The 2-D ozone model present in this paper for stratospheric ozone and its layer and depletion is shown to be robust, convenient, efficient, and executable for analyzing the complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere. .

Non-Fragile Controller Design for 2-D Discrete Uncertain Systems Described by the Roesser Model

This paper is concerned with the design problem of non-fragile controller for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete uncertain systems described by the Roesser model. The parametric uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded. The aim of this paper is to design a memoryless non-fragile state feedback control law such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable for all admissible parameter uncertainties and controller gain variations. A new linear matrix inequality (LMI) based sufficient condition for the existence of such controllers is established. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.

广义2-D Roesser模型的状态滤波器

研究了状态和测量同时受白噪声干扰时广义随机2-D Roesser模型的状态滤波器设计问题。将Kalman滤波器的设计推广至广义2-D Roesser模型。通过逐行扫描法,模能重构的广义2-D Roesser模型的滤波问题得到了解决,获得了状态向量的最优滤波的计算公式。计算步骤和例子说明了设计的滤波器的有效性。

广义2-D系统Roesser模型的可接受输入序列研究

通过将有限矩形上的广义 2 - D Roesser模型转化为等价的代数方程 ,给出了有限矩形上所有输入均为该系统的可接受输入的充要条件 ;利用 2 - D Z-变换以及多项式矩阵的性质 ,给出了无限矩形上所有输入均可接受的充要条件。证明了当系统的输入矩阵行满秩时 ,只要系统在某个有限矩形上的所有输入均为可接受输入 ,则在无限矩形上的所有输入也均为可接受输入。基于矩阵的初等行变换 ,提出了确定广义 2 - D系统 Roesser模型可接受输入序列集合的方法。

2-D Roesser模型状态反馈特征结构配置

基于Sylvester矩阵方程的显示通解提出了上(下)块三角的状态反馈特征结构配置的参数化方法。给出了状态反馈控制律及闭环特征向量的参数化表达式,它们都依赖于参数向量{f1ijk}及{f2ijk},这组参数向量表征了系统的设计自由度,通过合理地选择这些自由度可以满足系统的其它性能指标,为系统的进一步设计提供了方便。数值例子显示了其有效性。

一类新不确定2-D Roesser模型的鲁棒H_∞控制

讨论了具有广义Frobenius范数有界参数不确定性的2-D Roesser模型的鲁棒H∞控制问题.借助线性矩阵不等式(LMI)给出了2-D Roesser模型鲁棒H∞控制问题可解性的一个充分条件,并利用这个条件,通过解一系列LMI设计出了所期望的γ—次优H∞状态反馈控制律.

2-D Roesser模型的有界实引理和鲁棒H_∞控制

讨论具有时不变、模有界、参数不确定性的 2-D Roesser 模型的鲁棒 H_∞控制问题,目的在于设计一种状态反馈控制器,使所得的闭环系统对所有允许的不确定性均具有期望的 H_∞性能指标．借助线性矩阵不等式(LMI)建立了不同形式的 2-D Roesser 的有界实引理, 并在此基础上给出了鲁棒 H_∞控制问题可解性的一个充分条件。最后利用这个条件,通过解矩阵不等式设计出所期望的状态反馈控制器．

Calculations and Sensitivity Analysis of Chlorine-,NO_(x)-,and Bromine-Depleting Cycles of Stratospheric Ozone

This paper presents an engineering system approach using a 2D model of conservation of mass to study the dynamics of ozone and concerned chemical species in the stratosphere.By considering all fourteen photolysis,ozone-generating,and-depleting chemical reactions,the model calculated the transient,spatial changes of ozone under different physical-chemical-radiative conditions.Validation against the measured data demonstrated good accuracy,close match of our model with the observed ozone concentrations at both 20°S and 90°N locations.The deviation in the average concentration was less than 1% and in ozone profiles less than 17%.The impacts of various chlorine-(Cl),nitrogen oxides-(NO_(x)),and bromine-(Br)depleting cycles on ozone concentrations and distribution were investigated.The chlorine catalytic depleting cycle was found to exhibit the most significant impact on ozone dynamics,confirming the key role of chlorine in the problem of ozone depletion.Sensitivity analysis was conducted with levels of 25%,50%,100%,200%,and 400% of the baseline value.The combined cycles(Cl+NO_(x)+Br)showed the most significant influence on ozone behavior.The total ozone abundance above the South Pole could decrease by a small 3%,from 281 DU(Dubson Units)to 273 DU for the 25% level,or by a huge thinning of 60%to 114 DU for the 400% concentration level.When the level of chlorine gases increased beyond 200%,it would cause ozone depletion to a level of ozone hole(below 220 DU).The 2D Ozone Model presented in this paper demonstrates robustness,convenience,efficiency,and executability for analyzing complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere.

Interannual variability of carbon cycle implied by a 2-D atmospheric transport model

A 2-dimensional atmospheric transport model is deployed in a simplified CO 2 inverse study. Calculated carbon flux distribution for the interval from 1981 to 1997 confirms the existence of a terrestrial carbon sink in mid-high latitude area of North Hemisphere. Strong interannual variability exists in carbon flux patterns, implying a possible link with ENSO and other natural episodes such as Pinatubo volcano eruption in 1991. Mechanism of this possible link was investigated with statistic method. Correlation analysis indicated that in North Hemisphere, climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, to some extend, could influence the carbon cycle process of land and ocean, thus cause considerable change in carbon flux distribution. In addition, correlation study also demonstrated the possible important role of Asian terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle.

A 2-D Non-local Closure Model for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Simulations

In this paper a new approach for PBL simulation, the non-local closure scheme based on the transient turbulence theory has been used. It was set up as an alternative to local closure schemes which physical concept is reasonable and distinct. A 2-D non-local closure model was developed in order to study the PBL structure and simulatesome interesting atmospheric processes over non-ulliform underlying surface, especially under the convective and unique weather conditions, such as sea-land circulation and the TIBL structure. The modelled results show good agreement with field measurement.

Source Rock Evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling Approach for the Sargelu Formation, Atrush-2 Well, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

The present study focuses on source rock evaluation of the Sargelu Formation by using core chips of rocks collected from well Atrush-2, Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance were executed. Subsequently, the selected parameters were used for source rock evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling calibration. The upper part of the formation mainly comprises argillaceous limestone with low content of organic matter (0.64% - 1% TOC). By contrast, the lower part is dominated with shale interval and contains high amounts of TOC values (>4% for 1272 - 1278 m) reveling good to very good quality source rock. Accordingly, good to very good hydrocarbon generation potential is suggested for this formation. Organic matter of the Sargelu Formation contains type II and mixed-type II-III kerogen. The values of Tmax and vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) demonstrate that the formation is thermally mature and in the oil zone. In order to construct a thermal history of the formation and determine the timing of hydrocarbon maturation and generation, the 1-D basin modelling PetroMod 2019.1 was used in this study. Based on the 1-D Basin modelling simulation and its outputs, about 3500 m of overburden have been eroded at the study area. The present-day heat flow was found to be 30 mW/m2. The organic matter of Sargelu Formation entered the early oil zone in 64 Ma and reached the main oil zone ca. 5 Ma. The formation is still in the main oil zone at present-day. In well Atrush-2, the highest rate of oil generation for the Sargelu Formation was in the 8.5 Ma, the onset of oil expulsion from Sargelu Formation was in 50 Ma and the expulsion mass has been reached 0.5 Mtons at present-day.

A Survey on the Stability of 2-D Discrete Systems Described by Fornasini-Marchesini Second Model

A key issue of practical importance in the two-dimensional (2-D) discrete system is stability analysis. Linear state-space models describing 2-D discrete systems have been proposed by several researchers. A popular model, called Forna- sini-Marchesini (FM) second model was proposed by Fornasini and Marchesini in 1978. The aim of this paper is to present a survey of the existing literature on the stability of FM second model.

Delay-Dependent Robust H∞ Control for Uncertain 2-D Discrete State Delay Systems Described by the General Model

This paper considers the problem of delay-dependent robust optimal H∞ control for a class of uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) discrete state delay systems described by the general model (GM). The parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded. A linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based sufficient condition for the existence of delay-dependent g-suboptimal state feedback robust H∞ controllers which guarantees not only the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, but also the H∞ noise attenuation g over all admissible parameter uncertainties is established. Furthermore, a convex optimization problem is formulated to design a delay-dependent state feedback robust optimal H∞ controller which minimizes the H∞ noise attenuation g of the closed-loop system. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Robust Optimal H∞ Control for Uncertain 2-D Discrete State-Delayed Systems Described by the General Model

This paper investigates the problem of robust optimal H∞ control for uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) discrete state-delayed systems described by the general model (GM) with norm-bounded uncertainties. A sufficient condition for the existence of g-suboptimal robust H∞ state feedback controllers is established, based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Moreover, a convex optimization problem is developed to design a robust optimal state feedback controller which minimizes the H∞ noise attenuation level of the resulting closed-loop system. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于2-D系统理论的D型开闭环迭代学习控制

对于具有重复运动性质的系统,迭代学习控制是一种行之有效的控制方法。开闭环迭代学习控制能同时利用系统前次运行和当前运行的信息,因而性能优于单纯的开环迭代学习控制。针对线性连续系统,设计了D(Differential)型开闭环迭代学习控制器,利用2-D(Two-Dimensional)系统理论建立系统的2-D连续—离散Roesser模型,并给出了保证控制器收敛的充分必要条件。最后通过一个仿真实例,证明了该方案的有效性。

2-D正线性系统的实现问题

讨论广义 2 D系统的正实现问题 .首先引进了 2 D主项系统的定义 ,给出了广义 2 D主项系统传递函数阵分解为正则部分和广义部分的方法 .然后分别讨论了各部分存在正实现的条件和实现的方法 .

一类不确定非线性2-D Markovian跳跃系统的鲁棒随机镇定

考虑在Roesser模型中带有一类广义的Lipschitz非线性部分的不确定2-D Markovian跳跃参数系统的鲁棒镇定问题。在假设不确定的参数范数有界的前提下,设计状态反馈控制器,使得闭环系统对于所有允许的不确定性总是渐近稳定的。运用线性矩阵不等式(LMIs),给出了解决问题的充分条件。通过求解一定的LMIs,得到所需的状态反馈控制器。一个数值算例说明了所提出理论的有效性。

2-D奇异时滞系统的稳定性

研究用Roesser模型表示的 2 -D奇异时滞系统的稳定性。通过变换 ,将2 -D奇异时滞Roesser模型化为等价的 2 -D奇异一般模型 ,给出了 2

2－DRoesser模型的静态干扰解耦

本文讨论了２－ＤＲｏｅｓｓｅｒ模型［１］（ＲＭ）的静态干扰解耦问题［２］（简称为２－ＤＤＤＰ），即寻求２－Ｄ状态反馈使相应的闭环系统具有抗干扰的能力，得到了问题有解的充分条件和计算相应反馈阵的算法．