A WATERMARKING ALGORITHM BASED ON PERMUTATION AND 2-D BARCODE

This letter presents a method for digital image watermarking for copyright protection. This technique produces a watermarked image that closely retains the quality of the original host image while concurrently surviving various image processing operations such as lowpass/highpass filtering, lossy JPEG compression, and cropping. This image watermarking algorithm takes full advantage of permutation and 2-D barcode (PDF417). The actual watermark embedding in spatial domain is followed using permutated image for improving the resistance to image cropping. Much higher watermark robustness is obtainable via a simple forward error correction technique, which is the main feature of PDF417 codes. Additional features of this technique include the easy determination of the existence of the watermark and that the watermark verification procedure does not need the original host image. The experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness.

一种基于三角数分解的可配置2-D卷积器优化方法

多尺寸2-D卷积通过特征提取在检测、分类等计算机视觉任务中发挥着重要作用。然而,目前缺少一种高效的可配置2-D卷积器设计方法,这限制了卷积神经网络(CNN)模型在边缘端的部署和应用。该文基于乘法管理以及奇平方数的三角数分解方法,提出一种高性能、高适应性的卷积核尺寸可配置的2-D卷积器。所提2-D卷积器包含一定数量的处理单元(PE)以及相应的控制单元,前者负责运算任务,后者负责管理乘法运算的组合,二者结合以实现不同尺寸的卷积。具体地,首先根据应用场景确定一个奇数列表,列表中为2-D卷积器所支持的尺寸,并利用三角数分解得到对应的三角数列表;其次,根据三角数列表和计算需求,确定PE的总数量;最后,基于以小凑大的方法,确定PE的互连方式,完成电路设计。该可配置2-D卷积器通过Verilog硬件描述语言(HDL)设计实现,由Vivado 2 022.2在XCZU7EG板卡上进行仿真和分析。实验结果表明,相比同类方法,该文所提可配置2-D卷积器,乘法资源利用率得到显著提升,由20%~50%提升至89%,并以514个逻辑单元实现1 500 MB/s的吞吐率,具有广泛的适用性。

基于离散2-D小波多级分解的电容器外观缺陷视觉检测方法

电容器外观破损、凸起等缺陷直接影响器件的生产质量。目前电容器微小外观缺陷检测难度较大,导致视觉检测效率较低。为此提出了基于离散2-D小波多层分解的电容器外观缺陷视觉检测方法。采用同态滤波处理去除光照对电容器外观视觉检测结果的影响。利用像素点灰度值确定图像边缘点位置,提取电容器外观缺陷区域。应用离散2-D小波分解的方法对其展开多级分解。再差分统计电容器图像的外观缺陷纹理特征。将特征输入Mahalanobis分类器中,完成电容器外观缺陷视觉检测。仿真结果表明,所提方法可以较好检测电容的各种缺陷,召回率最低值是94.9%,误检率最高值为9.8%,漏检率均在10%以内,电容器缺陷检测效果较好。

2,4-D处理对欧李果实钙摄取的影响及与有机酸代谢和IAA的关系

为探究外源植物生长调节剂2,4-D处理对欧李(Cerasus humilis)果实发育成熟过程中钙素摄取能力的影响及与有机酸代谢、生长素(IAA)之间的关系,以内蒙古地区的低钙欧李MY-9果实为试材,以清水喷施作为对照,研究2,4-D处理对果实发育成熟过程中钙摄取能力和有机酸代谢及IAA的影响,并进行相关性分析。结果表明(:1)在摄钙速率方面,处理与对照果实的果胶钙、活性钙、总钙的摄钙速率变化规律相似,均表现为先升后降,处理后从硬核期到完熟期以上3种钙的摄取速率均显著高于对照;而水溶钙摄钙速率与其相反,表现为先降后升,果实发育后期显著高于对照。在摄钙活性方面,4种钙形态的变化规律相似,均表现为持续下降,处理后果实的摄钙活性均显著高于对照。在相对生长钙摄取量方面,4种钙形态的变化规律一致,均表现为先升后降,硬熟期和完熟期处理显著高于对照。(2)处理与对照果实中苹果酸脱氢酶(NAD-MDH)活性、苹果酸及有机酸含量随着果实发育成熟均呈上升趋势,苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)活性和柠檬酸含量均呈下降趋势,2,4-D处理可以不同程度提高果实中有机酸含量及相关酶活性。(3)处理与对照果实的IAA含量整体上均表现为先升后降,整个发育时期处理与对照均存在显著差异,2,4-D处理可显著提升欧李果实IAA含量。(4)相关性分析表明,水溶钙的摄钙速率和相对生长钙摄取量与NAD-MDH活性、苹果酸及有机酸含量均呈显著正相关,与IAA含量、NADP-ME活性及柠檬酸含量呈显著负相关;果胶钙、活性钙及总钙的摄钙活性与IAA含量、NADP-ME活性、柠檬酸含量呈显著正相关,与NAD-MDH活性、苹果酸及有机酸呈显著负相关;2,4-D处理提升了果实钙摄取能力与柠檬酸含量的相关性。综上所述,2,4-D处理可以提高欧李果实中钙摄取能力,提高有机酸代谢及IAA含量;欧李果实中钙摄取能力与有机酸代谢及IAA含量密切相关,随着NAD-MDH活性增强,苹果酸含量增加,有机酸含量增加,会提高水溶钙摄取能力,但会降低果胶钙、活性钙及总钙的摄取能力;而柠檬酸及IAA含量的增加会降低水溶钙摄取能力,提高果胶钙、活性钙及总钙摄取能力。2,4-D处理通过提高有机酸代谢及IAA含量调控果实钙摄取。

基于二萘并[2,3-B∶2′,3′-D]呋喃基团的高效窄发射蓝光OLED器件

高效率窄光谱蓝色有机电致发光器件(OLED)是柔性显示领域的研究重点之一。本文以二萘并[2,3-B∶2′,3′-D]呋喃为弱电子受体、N-(4-联苯基)-1-萘胺作为电子给体设计合成了一种D-A-D型蓝光分子DPF-NA,其在正己烷溶液中的发射峰位于441 nm。理论计算与光物理测试结果显示DPF-NA具有杂化局域电荷转移激发态(HLCT)特性,兼具局域态(LE)高发光效率与电荷转移态(CT)高激子利用率特征,在二氯甲烷溶液中的光致发光量子效率(PLQY)为81.2%。基于质量分数3%DPF-NA掺杂浓度的OLED器件电致发光(EL)峰位于455 nm,半峰宽(FWHM)仅为26 nm,CIE(x,y)坐标为(0.14,0.08),最大外量子效率(EQEmax)为6.76%。

New 4-imino-4H-Chromeno[2,3-d]Pyrimidin-3(5H)-Amine: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effects on Tumoral Cell Lines and in Silico ADMET Properties

The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was established according to their spectroscopic analysis, such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. These new compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities on seven representative human tumoral cell lines (Huh7 D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, HCT116, PC3 and MCF7) and also on fibroblasts. Among them, only the compounds 6c showed micromolar cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines (1.8 50 50 > 25 μM). Finally, in silico ADMET studies ware performed to investigate the possibility of using of the identified compound 6c as potential anti-tumor compound.

2-D Modeling and Calculations of Stratospheric Ozone and Influences of Convection, Diffusion, and Time

An engineering system approach of 2-D cylindrical model of transient mass balance calculations of ozone and other concerned chemicals along with fourteen photolysis, ozone-generating and ozone-depleting chemical reaction equations was developed, validated, and used for studying the ozone concentrations, distribution and peak of the layer, ozone depletion and total ozone abundance in the stratosphere. The calculated ozone concentrations and profile at both the Equator and a 60˚N location were found to follow closely with the measured data. The calculated average ozone concentration was within 1% of the measured average, and the deviation of ozone profiles was within 14%. The monthly evolution of stratospheric ozone concentrations and distribution above the Equator was studied with results discussed in details. The influences of slow air movement in both altitudinal and radial directions on ozone concentrations and profile in the stratosphere were explored and discussed. Parametric studies of the influences of gas diffusivities of ozone DO3 and active atomic oxygen DO on ozone concentrations and distributions were also studied and delineated. Having both influences through physical diffusion and chemical reactions, the diffusivity (and diffusion) of atomic oxygen DO was found to be more sensitive and important than that of ozone DO3 on ozone concentrations and distribution. The 2-D ozone model present in this paper for stratospheric ozone and its layer and depletion is shown to be robust, convenient, efficient, and executable for analyzing the complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere. .

Application of Evolutionary Encryption 2D Barcode Generation Technology in Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Traceability System

Two-dimensional(2D) barcode technology is an electronic tagging technology based on combination of computer and optical technology. It is an important way of information collection and input. 2D barcode technology has been widely used in various fields of logistics,production automation,and e-commerce,but it also has brought about a series of safety problems. Based on evolutionary encryption technology,this paper improved algorithm of traditional 2D barcode generation,to improve forgery- proof performance of 2D barcode. This algorithm is applied to agricultural products quality and safety traceability system and the results show that it is effective.

一种高速2-D滑动FFT的设计实现

文章介绍了采用2-D快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)算法的滑动窗FFT的基本特性原理和硬件实现过程,完成了窗长256点、步长16点的2-D滑动窗FFT的专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit,ASIC)设计。传统FFT算法受序列完整性的制约,时滞较大,无法满足某些高实时性信号分析领域的处理速度要求。该文采用滑动FFT算法,克服了传统FFT对序列完整性的依赖,设计的滑动FFT处理器使用2-D FFT压缩新序列计算时间,以基16蝶形运算器为核心,采用系数复用和高基Booth方法优化系数编码技术压缩乘法器的数量,减少电路面积。所设计的2-D滑动FFT完成单次滑动窗长的计算时间比传统算法节约了16.1%,变换结果与MATLAB的运算结果相比,信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)大于130 dB。在TSMC 28 nm的工艺下,工作主频为600 MHz,面积为1980μm×2060μm。

2-D distributed pose estimation of multi-agent systems using bearing measurements

This article studies distributed pose(orientation and position)estimation of leader–follower multi-agent systems over𝜅-layer graphs in 2-D plane.Only the leaders have access to their orientations and positions,while the followers can measure the relative bearings or(angular and linear)velocities in their unknown local coordinate frames.For the orientation estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the relative orientations among the agents,based on which a distributed orientation estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its orientation.For the position estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the position constraints among the agents,and a distributed position estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its position by solving its position constraints.Both the orientation and position estimation errors converge to zero asymptotically.A simulation example is given to verify the theoretical results.

具有执行器饱和的切换2-D系统事件触发控制

针对具有执行器饱和的切换2-D连续离散系统,提出了一种基于多Lyapunov函数法的事件触发控制方案;为了减少通信资源浪费和执行器的损耗,提出了一种事件触发机制;该触发机制考虑了执行器饱和特性,只有当执行器未饱和,且满足事件触发条件时,控制器才会更新;利用凸组合技术和多Lyapunov函数法,提出了一种状态依赖的切换信号与状态反馈控制器的设计方法,并对闭环系统的指数稳定性进行了分析,利用线性矩阵不等式技术导出了控制器增益矩阵存在的充分条件;利用Darboux方程的仿真算例验证了所提出的事件触发控制方案的有效性,仿真结果表明了在所设计的控制方案下,闭环系统的状态是指数收敛的,同时还能减少通信资源的浪费。

“探究2,4-D对插枝生根的作用”实验中因变量的确定

“探究2,4-D对插枝生根的作用”是浙科版高中生物学教材选择性必修1教材中的重要实验,实践中一些师生对该实验中的因变量常有疑惑,本文选择常见的碰碰香作为实验材料展开探究。发现2,4-D浓度在2.5×10-4—2.5×10-14g/L浓度范围内,对根的平均长度和根的总长度作用差异不明显,但是对根的数量有显著的差异。该探究可为师生提供一定的参考。

Calculations and Sensitivity Analysis of Chlorine-,NO_(x)-,and Bromine-Depleting Cycles of Stratospheric Ozone

This paper presents an engineering system approach using a 2D model of conservation of mass to study the dynamics of ozone and concerned chemical species in the stratosphere.By considering all fourteen photolysis,ozone-generating,and-depleting chemical reactions,the model calculated the transient,spatial changes of ozone under different physical-chemical-radiative conditions.Validation against the measured data demonstrated good accuracy,close match of our model with the observed ozone concentrations at both 20°S and 90°N locations.The deviation in the average concentration was less than 1% and in ozone profiles less than 17%.The impacts of various chlorine-(Cl),nitrogen oxides-(NO_(x)),and bromine-(Br)depleting cycles on ozone concentrations and distribution were investigated.The chlorine catalytic depleting cycle was found to exhibit the most significant impact on ozone dynamics,confirming the key role of chlorine in the problem of ozone depletion.Sensitivity analysis was conducted with levels of 25%,50%,100%,200%,and 400% of the baseline value.The combined cycles(Cl+NO_(x)+Br)showed the most significant influence on ozone behavior.The total ozone abundance above the South Pole could decrease by a small 3%,from 281 DU(Dubson Units)to 273 DU for the 25% level,or by a huge thinning of 60%to 114 DU for the 400% concentration level.When the level of chlorine gases increased beyond 200%,it would cause ozone depletion to a level of ozone hole(below 220 DU).The 2D Ozone Model presented in this paper demonstrates robustness,convenience,efficiency,and executability for analyzing complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere.

Analysis of the Authenticity of Stone Medicinal Plants by DNA Barcoding

The genus Pyrrosia belongs to the family Polypodiaceae and are medium-sized epiphytic ferns,where the dried leaves of Pyrrosia lingua,Pyrrosia sheareri,Pyrrosia lanceolata,and Pyrrosia calvata are commonly used in medicinal practice.In this study,the authenticity of the collected medicinal plant samples of Shiwei was identified with the help of DNA barcoding technology using the internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)as the identifying sequence.The experimental samples were analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool(BLAST)and the authenticity of the samples was further verified with the results of similarity comparison.The results proved that the sequences of the experimentally collected samples of Pyrrosia lingua,Pyrrosia sheareri,Pyrrosia lanceolata,and Pyrrosia calvata had a similarity of more than 97%when compared with the corresponding sequences that were uploaded on the Internet.

2,4-D丁酯对轮叶马先蒿的防除效果及对草地植被的影响

为有效灭除草地害草轮叶马先蒿,采用2,4-D丁酯在巴音布鲁克高寒草地进行了不同时期不同剂量化学防除试验。结果表明,防除轮叶马先蒿的最佳时期为盛花期;最佳药品用量是0.066 mL/m2;喷施2,4-D丁酯后,草地植被生态环境得到明显改善,轮叶马先蒿被部分或完全灭除,优良牧草垂穗披碱草在草地群落中占据优势地位,同时杂类草新疆假龙胆受到一定的抑制,草地质量明显提高。

三乙基苄基氯化铵催化下水介质中吡喃并[2，3-d]嘧啶衍生物的一步合成

以芳亚甲基丙二腈、1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸为原料,以水为溶剂,在100℃以三乙基苄基氯化铵(TEBAC)为催化剂合成了一系列的吡喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物,该方法具有反应条件温和,产率良好(78%～90%)和环境友好等优点.产物的结构通过IR,1H NMR和元素分析表征,并进一步通过X射线衍射分析确证.

2,4-D和根瘤菌对烟草类根瘤形成的影响

烟草再生植株在含有 0 .3mg/L 2 ,4 D和 5× 10 8个 /L豌豆根瘤菌的Jensen培养基中 ,可以在其根部形成大量近似半球形和球形的类根瘤 .烟草再生植株的结瘤除受制于 2 ,4 D和根瘤菌的浓度外 ,还与根瘤菌的种类和加入根瘤菌与 2 ,4 D的时期有关 .

检测2,4-D的一次性安培型免疫传感器

2,4-D是广泛使用的除草剂,以2,4-D为检测目标,研究了安培型免疫传感器.首先采用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)作为交联剂制备2,4-D与BSA以及PLL的偶联物.用结合比1:16的2,4-D与偶联物制备兔抗血清.免疫传感器的制备包括2个步骤,使用丝网印刷工艺制备一次性碳电极,然后通过戊二醛交联在电极表面固定2,4-D与多聚赖氨酸(PLL)的偶联物.待测水样与2,4-D抗血清和HRP酶标二抗进行间接免疫竞争反应.在HRP酶在邻苯二胺和H2O的共同作用下发生酶促反应,检测还原电流以反映2,4-D的浓度.试验了不同浓度抗血清和酶标二抗对检测信号的影响,结果表明,2,4-D的检测下限达到1.69ng/mL,线性区间1.69～30 000ng/mL,适合饮用水中2,4-D的检测要求.

基于特征分解的2-D多边形渐变

二维多边形渐变在二维角色动画、模式匹配、几何造型等领域有着重要的应用.已有的方法大多根据多边形的边长、角度、面积、骨架等几何属性来完成多边形之间的最佳对应和渐变,而忽略了多边形的内在视觉特征.提出了一种基于视觉特征对应的 2-D 多边形渐变方法,该方法把源多边形和目标多边形按照视觉特征进行同构特征分解,得到若干对对应的特征子多边形.在渐变过程中,每个源特征子多边形光滑地过渡到目标特征子多边形.通过引入特征分解点,用户可以灵活和直观地改变特征子多边形,按照预想的效果控制多边形的渐变.实验效果表明,基于特征分解的顶点对应和插值算法不仅可以得到光滑的多边形渐变序列,而且可以实现多特征保留.

超声辐射下水介质中三组分一锅合成吡喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物

报道了在超声波辐射下,水相中无催化剂下通过芳香醛与丙二腈、巴比妥酸的一锅反应,合成了一系列吡喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物.在超声波辐射下,不仅饱和芳香醛与丙二腈、巴比妥酸的一锅反应在室温下能高收率地进行,而对于α,β-不饱和醛以及二元醛与丙二腈、巴比妥酸的一锅反应也能在室温下顺利进行,获得较高的收率.产物的结构通过IR,1HNMR和元素分析表征.该方法具有操作简单和环境友好等优点。