Interannual variability of carbon cycle implied by a 2-D atmospheric transport model

A 2-dimensional atmospheric transport model is deployed in a simplified CO 2 inverse study. Calculated carbon flux distribution for the interval from 1981 to 1997 confirms the existence of a terrestrial carbon sink in mid-high latitude area of North Hemisphere. Strong interannual variability exists in carbon flux patterns, implying a possible link with ENSO and other natural episodes such as Pinatubo volcano eruption in 1991. Mechanism of this possible link was investigated with statistic method. Correlation analysis indicated that in North Hemisphere, climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, to some extend, could influence the carbon cycle process of land and ocean, thus cause considerable change in carbon flux distribution. In addition, correlation study also demonstrated the possible important role of Asian terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle.

Imaging Rock Density Distribution beneath Liwa Fracture Zone in the Southern Part of the Great Sumatran Fault System, Indonesia

We have imaged rock density distribution beneath Liwa fracture zone in the southern part of the the Sumatran Fault Zone by modelling and inverting Bouguer gravity data in two-and three-dimensional environments, respectively. The purpose of this study is aimed to figure out the subsurface distribution of rock densities associated with subsurface basement structure representing the evidence of trans-tensional tectonic product in the SF. In the gravity modeling, to eliminate distortions to the measured gravity values before modelling and inverting the data, Bouguer anomalies obtained in field measurements are reduced to the horizontal plane of z = +800 m as a representation of the average elevation in Liwa. For the inversion, we used algorithm implementing depth-and minimum volume weighting parameters in order to obtain a smooth model with better vertical resolution. The two-dimensional models show clearly surface topography of the basement rocks and the presence of normal faults. The reduced Bouguer anomaly of +800 m elevation shows the presence of structural lineaments extending primarily in a northwest-southeast direction, parallel to Sumatran Fault Zone and older graben faults showing a negative flower structure. From the three-dimensional inversion, the model illustrates an increase of density contrast, lower values being found near the surface and higher values in the deeper parts. The lower density contrast of 0.15 to 0.3 g/cm3 found in the rock groups at depths of 2 km and less is characteristic of relatively homogeneous and poorly compacted rocks. Rocks with moderate to high density contrast (>1.0 g/cm3) are recognized at depths of over 2 km. This model suggests a change of basement morphology as a function of depth, and delineates structural lineaments extending in northwest-southeast direction. This study supports the previous thought that Liwa area is underlain by graben structures, formed by trans-tensional tectonic events. Higher-density Tertiary volcanic breccia and lower-density Quaternary volcanic products of the Ranau Formation form the basement rocks and the overlying younger sediments, respectively.

基于WorldView-2影像的土壤含盐量反演模型

针对WorldView-2影像高空间分辨率评价其定量反演土壤含盐量的能力,以盐渍化现象较为明显的新疆克里雅河流域为研究对象,基于WorldView-2影像和实测高光谱数据,利用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)和BP人工神经网络(back propagation artificial neural networks,BP ANN)方法建立定量反演该流域土壤含盐量模型并做出研究区高空间分辨率土壤含盐量分布图。结果表明:1)利用实测高光谱数据和影像数据分别建立的2种模型中BP神经网络模型预测精度都高于PLSR模型,其中基于影像数据建立的6:8:1结构的3层BP神经网络模型决定系数R2、均方根误差RMSE、相对分析误差RPD分别为0.851、0.979、2.337,模型的稳定性和预测能力都优于PLSR模型(R2、RMSE、RPD分别为0.814、1.139、2.007)。2)利用WorldView-2影像提高了土壤含盐量制图的空间分辨率,归一化植被指数NDVI和比例植被指数RVI较有效降低了植被覆盖与土壤水分对预测精度的影响。该文建立的考虑植被覆盖与土壤水分定量反演土壤含盐量的模型不需要复杂的参数,一定程度上满足了干旱、半干旱地区的盐渍化监测需求,可以促进WorldView-2等高空间分辨率卫星在盐渍化监测中的进一步应用。

高密度电探法在隧道勘察中的应用

我国碳酸盐岩分布极为广泛,由岩溶引起的地质灾害十分严重。快速、准确地查明地下岩溶等不良地质体在空间的赋存位置和形态,是工程地质勘察中要解决的重要课题之一。在庐山环南山一级公路(隘口—仓房)桃花源隧道地质勘察中,采用高密度电探法与钻探相结合,较准确地查明了沿隧道轴线范围内不同岩性的分界面及地下溶洞的分布情况,取得了良好的地质效果,充分显示了该方法在地质勘察中的优势。

基于PROSAIL模型的玉米冠层叶面积指数及叶片叶绿素含量反演方法研究

农作物冠层叶面积指数(LAI)和叶片叶绿素含量(LCC)是农业定量遥感中的重要反演参数。该文以Sentinel-2影像为数据源,基于PROSAIL辐射传输模型,结合基于正则化的代价函数优化和基于光谱响应函数及高斯噪声的反演策略,反演夏玉米冠层LAI和LCC。与实测光谱对比分析可知,大气校正后的Sentinel-2影像反射率及PROSAIL模型具有较高的精度。验证结果表明,LAI、LCC的反演结果总体精度较高,与实测值相关性较好,其中,三叶期LAI、LCC的R^2分别为0.62、0.49,拔节期LAI、LCC的R^2分别为0.53、0.59。基于PROSAIL模型改进反演策略可为农作物参数反演提供研究思路和理论依据,也能够为农作物生长过程监测提供数据支持。

仅利用磁场幅度信息进行井间电磁反演成像的方法及可行性研究

基于水平层状地层的Green函数得到仅利用磁场幅度信息进行井间电导率一维反演的方法,基于轴对称二维地层模型的积分方程得到仅利用磁场幅度信息进行井间电导率二维成像的方法,并通过算例分析上述方法的可行性及精确性。结果表明,仅利用磁场的幅度信息对井间电磁场进行一维反演时,只要信息量足够、数据误差较小,仍能较准确地获得井间高阻层和低阻层的一维分布。仅利用总磁场的幅度信息在发射—接收剖面对井间电磁场进行二维成像时,影响成像质量的主要因素是井间异常体分布的复杂程度;在信息量数目远大于未知量数目、测量数据误差较小的前提下,对于异常体分布简单的地层,仅利用总磁场的幅度仍可以获得可接受的成像结果;异常体在井间的分布越复杂,成像效果越差。仅利用总磁场的幅度信息对井间电磁场进行联合反演成像时,只要信息量足够,分别进行一维反演和二维成像仍可获得地层电导率在发射—接收剖面的分布。

基于高分遥感影像的总磷浓度反演研究

以定量遥感反演水质参数为目的,以天津市海河下游段为研究区,利用总磷实测水质数据和同期GF-2PMS 2遥感影像数据,建立两者的偏最小二乘回归模型、单隐含层神经网络模型、双隐含层神经网络模型及粒子群算法优化的双隐含层神经网络模型(DP-BPNN模型)。通过决定系数、平均绝对误差、均方根误差进行精度检验,选出研究区水体适用的总磷浓度的反演模型。结果表明:与偏最小二乘模型精度对比,所建总磷反演模型精度提高了48%。