Calculations and Sensitivity Analysis of Chlorine-,NO_(x)-,and Bromine-Depleting Cycles of Stratospheric Ozone

This paper presents an engineering system approach using a 2D model of conservation of mass to study the dynamics of ozone and concerned chemical species in the stratosphere.By considering all fourteen photolysis,ozone-generating,and-depleting chemical reactions,the model calculated the transient,spatial changes of ozone under different physical-chemical-radiative conditions.Validation against the measured data demonstrated good accuracy,close match of our model with the observed ozone concentrations at both 20°S and 90°N locations.The deviation in the average concentration was less than 1% and in ozone profiles less than 17%.The impacts of various chlorine-(Cl),nitrogen oxides-(NO_(x)),and bromine-(Br)depleting cycles on ozone concentrations and distribution were investigated.The chlorine catalytic depleting cycle was found to exhibit the most significant impact on ozone dynamics,confirming the key role of chlorine in the problem of ozone depletion.Sensitivity analysis was conducted with levels of 25%,50%,100%,200%,and 400% of the baseline value.The combined cycles(Cl+NO_(x)+Br)showed the most significant influence on ozone behavior.The total ozone abundance above the South Pole could decrease by a small 3%,from 281 DU(Dubson Units)to 273 DU for the 25% level,or by a huge thinning of 60%to 114 DU for the 400% concentration level.When the level of chlorine gases increased beyond 200%,it would cause ozone depletion to a level of ozone hole(below 220 DU).The 2D Ozone Model presented in this paper demonstrates robustness,convenience,efficiency,and executability for analyzing complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere.

Multi-scale Incremental Analysis Update Scheme and Its Application to Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)Prediction

In the traditional incremental analysis update(IAU)process,all analysis increments are treated as constant forcing in a model’s prognostic equations over a certain time window.This approach effectively reduces high-frequency oscillations introduced by data assimilation.However,as different scales of increments have unique evolutionary speeds and life histories in a numerical model,the traditional IAU scheme cannot fully meet the requirements of short-term forecasting for the damping of high-frequency noise and may even cause systematic drifts.Therefore,a multi-scale IAU scheme is proposed in this paper.Analysis increments were divided into different scale parts using a spatial filtering technique.For each scale increment,the optimal relaxation time in the IAU scheme was determined by the skill of the forecasting results.Finally,different scales of analysis increments were added to the model integration during their optimal relaxation time.The multi-scale IAU scheme can effectively reduce the noise and further improve the balance between large-scale and small-scale increments in the model initialization stage.To evaluate its performance,several numerical experiments were conducted to simulate the path and intensity of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)and showed that:(1)the multi-scale IAU scheme had an obvious effect on noise control at the initial stage of data assimilation;(2)the optimal relaxation time for large-scale and small-scale increments was estimated as 6 h and 3 h,respectively;(3)the forecast performance of the multi-scale IAU scheme in the prediction of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)was better than that of the traditional IAU scheme.The results demonstrate the superiority of the multi-scale IAU scheme.

Variation analysis of ultimate pullout capacity of shallow horizontal strip anchor plate with 2-layer overlying soil based on nonlinear M-C failure criterion

Based on the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and an associated flow rule,a kinematic admissible velocity field of failure mechanism of the 2-layer soil above a shallow horizontal strip anchor plate is constructed.The ultimate pull-out force and its corresponding failure mechanism through the upper bound limit analysis according to a variation principle are deduced.When the 2-layer overlying soil is degraded into single-layer soil,the model of ultimate pullout force could also be degraded into the model of single-layer soil.And the comparison between results of single-layer soil variation method and those calculated by rigid limit analysis method proves the correctness of our method.Based on that,the influence of changes of geotechnical parameters on ultimate pullout forces and failure mechanism of a shallow horizontal strip anchor with the 2-layer soil above are analyzed.The results show that the ultimate pull-out force and failure mechanism of a shallow horizontal strip anchor with the 2-layer soil above are affected by the nonlinear geotechnical parameters greatly.Thus,it is very important to obtain the accurate geotechnical parameters of 2-layer soil for the evaluation of the ultimate pullout capacity of the anchor plate.

Analysis of Cavitation Performance of a 2-D Hydrofoil Based on Mixed-iterative Method

In order to study cavitation characteristics of a 2-D hydrofoil, the method that combines nonlinear cavitation model and mixed-iteration is used to predict and analyze the cavitation performance of hydrofoils. The cavitation elements are nonlinearly disposed based on the Green formula and perturbation potential panel method. At the same time, the method that combines cavity shape for fixed cavity length （CSCL） iteration and cavity shape for fixed cavitation number （CSCN） iteration is used to work out the thickness and length of hydrofoil cavitations. Through analysis of calculation results, it can be concluded that the jump of pressure and velocity potentially exist between cavitation end area and non-cavitations area on suction surface when cavitation occurs on hydrofoil. In certain angles of attack, the cavitation number has a negative impact on the length of cavitations. And under the same angle of attack and cavitation number, the bigger the thickness of the hydrofoil, the shorter the cavitations length.

An Extended Subequation Rational Expansion Method and Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Cubic Nonlinear Schr(?)dinger Equation

An extended subequation rational expansion method is presented and used to construct some exact,analyt-ical solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrdinger equation.From our results,many known solutionsof the (2+1)-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrdinger equation can be recovered by means of some suitable selections ofthe arbitrary functions and arbitrary constants.With computer simulation,the properties of new non-travelling waveand coefficient function's soliton-like solutions,and elliptic solutions are demonstrated by some plots.

Fifth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems (5th-CASAM-N): I. Mathematical Framework

This work presents the mathematical framework of the “Fifth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems (5th-CASAM-N),” which generalizes and extends all of the previous works performed to date on this subject. The 5th-CASAM-N enables the exact and efficient computation of all sensitivities, up to and including fifth-order, of model responses to uncertain model parameters and uncertain boundaries of the system’s domain of definition, thus enabling, inter alia, the quantification of uncertainties stemming from manufacturing tolerances. The 5th-CASAM-N provides a fundamental step towards overcoming the curse of dimensionality in sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.

Electronic Absorption Spectra and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Property of Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2’,3’-d]Thiophene-5,7,12,13- Tetraone (DNTTRA) and Its Phenyldiazenyl Derivatives: DFT Calculations

Third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have broad application prospects in high-density data storage, optical computer, modern laser technology, and other high-tech industries. The structures and frequencies of Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2’,3’-d]thiophene-5,7,12,13-tetraone (DNTTRA) and its 36 derivatives containing azobenzene were calculated by using density functional theory B3LYP and M06-2X methods at 6-311++g(d, p) level, respectively. Besides, the atomic charges of natural bond orbitals (NBO) were analyzed. The frontier orbitals and electron absorption spectra of A-G5 molecule were calculated by TD-DFT (TD-B3LYP/6-311++g(d, p) and TD-M06-2X/6-311++g(d, p)). The NLO properties were calculated by effective finite field FF method and self-compiled program. The results show that 36 molecules of these six series are D-π-A-π-D structures. The third-order NLO coefficients γ (second-order hyperpolarizability) of the D series molecules are the largest among the six series, reaching 107 atomic units (10-33 esu) of order of magnitude, showing good third-order NLO properties. Last, the third-order NLO properties of the azobenzene ring can be improved by introducing strong electron donor groups (e.g. -N(CH3)2 or -NHCH3) in the azobenzene ring, so that the third-order NLO materials with good performance can be obtained.

Painleve Analysis for(2+1)Dimensional Non-Linear Schrodinger Equation

This paper investigates a real version of a (2 + 1) dimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger equation through adoption of Painlevé test by means of which the (2 + 1) dimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger equation is studied according to the Weiss et al. method and Kruskal’s simplification algorithms. According to Painlevé test, it is found that the number of arbitrary functions required for explaining the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem exist. Finally, the associated B?cklund transformation and bilinear form is directly obtained from the Painlevé test.

Event-triggered robust guaranteed cost control for two-dimensional nonlinear discrete-time systems

An event-triggered scheme is proposed to solve the problems of robust guaranteed cost control for a class of two-dimensional(2-D)discrete-time systems.Firstly,an eventtriggered scheme is proposed for 2-D discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainties and sector nonlinearities.Then,according to the Lyapunov functional method,the sufficient conditions for the existence of event-triggered robust guaranteed cost controller for 2-D discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainties and sector nonlinearities are given.Furthermore,based on the sufficient conditions and the linear matrix inequality(LMI)technique,the problem of designing event-triggered robust guaranteed cost controller is transformed into a feasible solution problem of LMI.Finally,a numerical example is given to demonstrate that,under the proposed event-triggered robust guaranteed cost control,the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and fewer communication resources are occupied.

Stability analysis via the concept of Lyapunov exponents―a case study

The dynamics characteristics of the robotic arm system are usually highly nonlinear and strongly coupling,which will make it difficult to analyze the stability by the methods of solving kinetic equations or constructing Lyapunov function,especially,these methods cannot calculate the quantitative relationship between mechanical structures or control input and dynamics parameters and stability.The theoretical analysis process from symbol dynamics modeling of the robotic arm system to the movement stability is studied by using the concept of Lyapunov exponents method. To verify the algorithm effectiveness,the inner relation between its joint input torque and stability or chaotic and stable motion of the 2-DOF robotic arm system is analyzed quantitatively. As compared with its counterpart of Lyapunov's direct method,the main advantage of the concept of Lyapunov exponents is that the methods for calculating the exponents are constructive to provide an effective analysis tool for analyzing robotic arm system movement stability of nonlinear systems.

Two Dimensional Spatial Independent Component Analysis and Its Application in fMRI Data Process

One important application of independent component analysis （ICA） is in image processing. A two dimensional （2-D） composite ICA algorithm framework for 2-D image independent component analysis （2-D ICA） is proposed. The 2-D nature of the algorithm provides it an advantage of circumventing the roundabout transforming procedures between two dimensional （2-D） image deta and one-dimensional （l-D） signal. Moreover the combination of the Newton （fixed-point algorithm） and natural gradient algorithms in this composite algorithm increases its efficiency and robustness. The convincing results of a successful example in functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） show the potential application of composite 2-D ICA in the brain activity detection.

二维饱和沉积盆地地震动响应非线性分析

沉积盆地对地震动具有明显的放大效应。利用ABAQUS软件及二次开发平台,编写了基于Davidenkov骨架曲线的VUMAT子程序,对饱和沉积盆地进行了非线性反应模拟。建立不同基岩面坡度的二维T型沉积盆地,输入4条不同频谱特性及幅值的近断层地震波,研究不同盆地基岩面坡度、饱和介质特性、地震波强度等因素对沉积盆地非线性反应规律的影响。研究结果表明,地震波作用可造成饱和沉积盆地发生局部液化,地震波强度越大,液化区分布范围越广,地表处出现了永久塑性变形;地震波强度的增大导致地表土层发生液化的时间提前,且下层土的液化会减弱地震波的传播速度,导致上层地表土发生液化的时间延后;盆地内地表最不利位置随着基岩面坡度的增大逐渐向中心处移动,不同工况下速度峰值放大系数为1.18~3.33。

(2+1)维Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli方程的对称、精确解及守恒律

利用李群分析方法,得到了(2+1)维Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli(BLMP)方程的对称、相似约化和新的精确解,包括有理函数解、双曲函数解、雅克比椭圆函数解和三角周期解。同时找到了此方程的无穷多守恒律。

Ni单原子催化剂表面CO2电还原动力学的电化学谱学解析

针对Ni单原子催化剂表面的CO 2电还原反应(CO 2RR),提出了以Ni为活性位点的“单中心”机理以及同时借助Ni位点还原和碳氮锚定位水解的“双功能”机理.依据稳态极化的实验结果,开展了CO 2RR的动力学解析与模型参数的敏感性分析;借助暂态模型方程,分别获取可表达CO 2RR线性与非线性频响特征的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)与总谐波失真(THD)谱.研究结果表明,CO 2的溶解分压对CO 2RR活性影响最显著.若CO 2RR遵循“单中心”机理,Ni位点COOH ads的形成为速率控制步骤;但若为“双功能”机理,碳氮锚定位的水解与Ni位点的CO 2,ads还原同为速率控制步骤.EIS理论上可用于区分CO 2RR的“单中心”机理与“双功能”机理;与之相比,THD谱在CO 2RR的机理识别中并无优势.

Reduced Differential Transform Method for Solving Nonlinear Biomathematics Models

In this paper,we study the approximate solutions for some of nonlinear Biomathematics models via the e-epidemic SI1I2R model characterizing the spread of viruses in a computer network and SIR childhood disease model.The reduced differential transforms method(RDTM)is one of the interesting methods for finding the approximate solutions for nonlinear problems.We apply the RDTM to discuss the analytic approximate solutions to the SI1I2R model for the spread of virus HCV-subtype and SIR childhood disease model.We discuss the numerical results at some special values of parameters in the approximate solutions.We use the computer software package such as Mathematical to find more iteration when calculating the approximate solutions.Graphical results and discussed quantitatively are presented to illustrate behavior of the obtained approximate solutions.

2型糖尿病中医证候五脏相关性研究

[目的]在邓铁涛教授的五脏相关理论的指导下对326例2型糖尿病患者的中医临床症状进行研究。[方法]采用流行病学,非线性主成分分析、结构方程模型等多元统计方法研究2型糖尿病中医五脏之间的关系。[结果]以口干多饮、视物模糊、多尿、乏力、下肢麻木发凉为主要临床表现。并发症以高血压病、血脂异常、糖尿病周围神经病变、糖尿病性肾病为主。肺与心、肺与肾、脾与肺之间的关系符合五脏相关学说。[结论]五脏中的任意两脏或多脏之间都是有联系的,其中一脏生理功能的异常都会影响到其他脏。从2型糖尿病的临床研究出发,探讨五脏之间的内在关系,可以为本病的中医诊断和治疗提供参考。

Compressive Behavior of Wood-based 2-D Lattice Structure under Multivariable Analysis

In order to optimize the out-of-plane compression performance of the wood structure,wood-based 2-D lattice structures were designed and manufactured with oriented strand board as the panel and birch round stick as the core by using a simple insert-glue method.In this experiment,the different thicknesses of the upper and lower panels,the different shavings arrangement directions of the upper and lower panels and the different configurations of the specimens were used to analyze the compression performance of the specimens under multivariable conditions.Through the combination of experimental test and theoretical analysis,we analyzed and compared different failure types of the structure and multiple compression parameters.The results showed that the shavings arrangement direction of the panel has a more important influence on the whole specimen than the thickness of the panel,especially the transverse shavings of the panel can withstand greater shear stress than the longitudinal shavings for a specimen.

EXPONENTIAL TIME DIFFERENCING-PADE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR NONLINEAR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION-REACTION EQUATIONS WITH TIME CONSTANT DELAY

In this paper,ETD3-Padéand ETD4-PadéGalerkin finite element methods are proposed and analyzed for nonlinear delayed convection-diffusion-reaction equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions.An ETD-based RK is used for time integration of the corresponding equation.To overcome a well-known difficulty of numerical instability associated with the computation of the exponential operator,the Padéapproach is used for such an exponential operator approximation,which in turn leads to the corresponding ETD-Padéschemes.An unconditional L^(2) numerical stability is proved for the proposed numerical schemes,under a global Lipshitz continuity assumption.In addition,optimal rate error estimates are provided,which gives the convergence order of O(k^(3)+h^(r))(ETD3-Padé)or O(k^(4)+h^(r))(ETD4-Padé)in the L^(2)norm,respectively.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed numerical schemes.

含氟连铸保护渣黏度检测与预测模型

采用旋转柱体法对不同类型的含氟连铸保护渣黏度进行检测,并基于Arrhenius方程通过非线性回归分析建立了新的黏度预测模型,分析了组分变化对黏度的影响.结合模型计算和实验检测,建立了CaF_(2)‒Na_(2)O‒Al_(2)O_(3)‒CaO‒SiO_(2)‒MgO渣系的等黏度图.结果表明,与传统的含氟连铸保护渣黏度预测模型相比,该模型计算的偏差在10%以内,当渣中w(CaF_(2))超过20%时,偏差逐渐增大,主要由于氟化物挥发造成炉渣成分变化,最终黏度实测值与炉渣初始成分不符,造成模型无法对黏度有效预测.此外,研究发现,CaF_(2)的增加能显著降低炉渣黏度,而Al_(2)O_(3)和Na_(2)O对黏度的影响受CaF_(2)含量的限制.当w(CaF_(2))>17%,炉渣黏度随Al2O3含量增加而减小,当w(CaF_(2))<17%,Al_(2)O_(3)的增加使炉渣黏度显著增大;当w(CaF_(2))>11.5%,炉渣黏度随Na2O含量增加显著下降,当w(CaF_(2))<11.5%,Na_(2)O含量变化对黏度的影响并不明显.此外,该等黏度图表明低黏度区w(CaF_(2))接近14%.通过调整等黏度图中各组分比例,可以改善保护渣的黏度和流动性,供钢铁工业应用.

某核电厂软基海堤地震动力响应规律及工程对策探讨

某海堤工程是核电厂专设的防御设计基准外部事件的屏障工程,其在极限安全地震震动(SL-2)作用下的动力响应规律受到高度关注,也是海堤稳定性评价的基础。针对该海堤深厚软土地基的场地条件,讨论了FLAC 3D程序计算时边界条件的设置、动力时程的输入等内容,并建立基于自由场边界条件的三维力学模型对海堤抗震进行非线性计算,分析了海堤加速度、位移及剪切破坏等动力响应规律,在此基础上提出了软基海堤抗震加固的工程对策,可供设计参考。