Titanium dioxide(TiO2)has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity,energy storage capability,low cost,high chemical stability,and nontoxicity.However,conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting eff...Titanium dioxide(TiO2)has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity,energy storage capability,low cost,high chemical stability,and nontoxicity.However,conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting efficiency and charge separation ability,though the recently developed black TiO2 formed under high temperature or pressure has achieved elevated performance.The phase-selectively ordered/disordered blue TiO2(BTO),which has visible-light absorption and efficient exciton disassociation,can be formed under normal pressure and temperature(NPT)conditions.This perspective article first discusses TiO2 materials development milestones and insights of the BTO structure and construction mechanism.Then,current applications of BTO and potential extensions are summarized and suggested,respectively,including hydrogen(H2)production,carbon dioxide(CO2)and nitrogen(N2)reduction,pollutant degradation,microbial disinfection,and energy storage.Last,future research prospects are proposed for BTO to advance energy and environmental sustainability by exploiting different strategies and aspects.The unique NPT-synthesized BTO can offer more societally beneficial applications if its potential is fully explored by the research community.展开更多
2021年7月29日,Journal of Clinical Oncology在线发表了《内分泌治疗后或HR-HER2-晚期乳腺癌化疗和靶向治疗:ASCO更新版指南》(以下简称新版指南)。指南专家组对2014年以来新发表的文献进行系统回顾分析,纳入了14篇可能改变临床实践并...2021年7月29日,Journal of Clinical Oncology在线发表了《内分泌治疗后或HR-HER2-晚期乳腺癌化疗和靶向治疗:ASCO更新版指南》(以下简称新版指南)。指南专家组对2014年以来新发表的文献进行系统回顾分析,纳入了14篇可能改变临床实践并转化为修订指南推荐意见的关键临床研究、系统综述和指南;对内分泌治疗后或激素受体阴性人类表皮生长因子受体2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者的化疗和靶向治疗相关问题进行了系统说明,每部分均有总结性的推荐要点和文献更新及分析;最后还纳入了患者代表的意见及其他诊治需要考虑的因素。整体内容较2014年版指南有较大变化,本文将对新版指南进行解读。展开更多
The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 devastated the eastern region of Japan.Due to the resulting nuclear accident,Japanese Cabinet decided to revise its energy policies.The Energy and Environment Council in N...The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 devastated the eastern region of Japan.Due to the resulting nuclear accident,Japanese Cabinet decided to revise its energy policies.The Energy and Environment Council in National Policy Unit published options on the nation's scenarios for energy and economy in 2030.We estimated the economic impacts of the options to national economy and households in 2030.Finally,we clarified significant factors to establish a secure,affluent and low-carbon society based on the energy scenarios.展开更多
A decomposition model was applied to study the resource-saving and environment-friendly effects of air pollutant emissions(taking industrial SO2 emission as an example) in China.From the results,it is found that 38.93...A decomposition model was applied to study the resource-saving and environment-friendly effects of air pollutant emissions(taking industrial SO2 emission as an example) in China.From the results,it is found that 38.93% and 61.07% are contributed to environment-friendly and resource-saving effects,respectively,by the dramatic decrease in industrial SO2 emission density(nearly 70% from 2001 to 2010).This indicates that China has achieved important progress during the 11th FYP(five-year plan) compared with the 10th FYP.A simultaneous equations model was also employed to analyze the influencing factors by using data from 30 provinces in China.The results imply that the influence of environmental regulation on environment-friendly effect is not obvious during the 10th FYP but obvious during the 11th FYP.Thus,the government should continue promoting the environment-friendly effect by further enhancing environmental regulation and strengthening the role of environmental management.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the current practice of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in Lebanese Health care centers.METHODS:A multi-center prospective chart review study was conducted over 8 mo.A questionnaire was distributed to p...AIM:To evaluate the current practice of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in Lebanese Health care centers.METHODS:A multi-center prospective chart review study was conducted over 8 mo.A questionnaire was distributed to pharmacy students who collected data on demographics,SUP medications,dose,route,duration and associated risk factors.The appropriateness of SUP use was determined as per American Society of Health-System Pharmacists guidelines.Institutional review board approval was obtained from each hospital center.RESULTS:A total of 1004 patients were included.67% of the patients who received prophylaxis did not have an indication for SUP.The majority (71.6%) of the patients who were administered parenteral drugs can tolerate oral medications.Overall,the regimen of acid-suppressant drugs was suboptimal in 87.6% of the sample.This misuse was mainly observed in non-teaching hospitals.CONCLUSION:This study highlighted the need,in Lebanese hospitals,to establish clinical practice guidelines for the use of SUP;mainly in non-critical care settings.展开更多
China is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world,the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate change.The transition towa...China is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world,the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate change.The transition towards a carbon-neutral society is integrated into the construction of ecological civilization in China,and brings profound implications for China’s socioeconomic development.Here,we not only summarize the major challenges in achieving carbon neutrality in China,but also identify the four potential new opportunities:namely,the acceleration of technology innovations,narrowing regional disparity by reshaping the value of resources,transforming the industrial structure,and co-benefits of pollution and carbon mitigation.Finally,we provide five policy suggestions and highlight the importance of balancing economic growth and carbon mitigation,and the joint efforts among the government,the enterprises,and the residents.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Institute for Basic Science(IBS-R011-D1)partially supported by the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(20004627)the INNOPOLIS Foundation(2019-DD-SB-0602).
文摘Titanium dioxide(TiO2)has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity,energy storage capability,low cost,high chemical stability,and nontoxicity.However,conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting efficiency and charge separation ability,though the recently developed black TiO2 formed under high temperature or pressure has achieved elevated performance.The phase-selectively ordered/disordered blue TiO2(BTO),which has visible-light absorption and efficient exciton disassociation,can be formed under normal pressure and temperature(NPT)conditions.This perspective article first discusses TiO2 materials development milestones and insights of the BTO structure and construction mechanism.Then,current applications of BTO and potential extensions are summarized and suggested,respectively,including hydrogen(H2)production,carbon dioxide(CO2)and nitrogen(N2)reduction,pollutant degradation,microbial disinfection,and energy storage.Last,future research prospects are proposed for BTO to advance energy and environmental sustainability by exploiting different strategies and aspects.The unique NPT-synthesized BTO can offer more societally beneficial applications if its potential is fully explored by the research community.
文摘2021年7月29日,Journal of Clinical Oncology在线发表了《内分泌治疗后或HR-HER2-晚期乳腺癌化疗和靶向治疗:ASCO更新版指南》(以下简称新版指南)。指南专家组对2014年以来新发表的文献进行系统回顾分析,纳入了14篇可能改变临床实践并转化为修订指南推荐意见的关键临床研究、系统综述和指南;对内分泌治疗后或激素受体阴性人类表皮生长因子受体2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者的化疗和靶向治疗相关问题进行了系统说明,每部分均有总结性的推荐要点和文献更新及分析;最后还纳入了患者代表的意见及其他诊治需要考虑的因素。整体内容较2014年版指南有较大变化,本文将对新版指南进行解读。
文摘The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 devastated the eastern region of Japan.Due to the resulting nuclear accident,Japanese Cabinet decided to revise its energy policies.The Energy and Environment Council in National Policy Unit published options on the nation's scenarios for energy and economy in 2030.We estimated the economic impacts of the options to national economy and households in 2030.Finally,we clarified significant factors to establish a secure,affluent and low-carbon society based on the energy scenarios.
基金Project(201009066)supported by the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare of the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘A decomposition model was applied to study the resource-saving and environment-friendly effects of air pollutant emissions(taking industrial SO2 emission as an example) in China.From the results,it is found that 38.93% and 61.07% are contributed to environment-friendly and resource-saving effects,respectively,by the dramatic decrease in industrial SO2 emission density(nearly 70% from 2001 to 2010).This indicates that China has achieved important progress during the 11th FYP(five-year plan) compared with the 10th FYP.A simultaneous equations model was also employed to analyze the influencing factors by using data from 30 provinces in China.The results imply that the influence of environmental regulation on environment-friendly effect is not obvious during the 10th FYP but obvious during the 11th FYP.Thus,the government should continue promoting the environment-friendly effect by further enhancing environmental regulation and strengthening the role of environmental management.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the current practice of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in Lebanese Health care centers.METHODS:A multi-center prospective chart review study was conducted over 8 mo.A questionnaire was distributed to pharmacy students who collected data on demographics,SUP medications,dose,route,duration and associated risk factors.The appropriateness of SUP use was determined as per American Society of Health-System Pharmacists guidelines.Institutional review board approval was obtained from each hospital center.RESULTS:A total of 1004 patients were included.67% of the patients who received prophylaxis did not have an indication for SUP.The majority (71.6%) of the patients who were administered parenteral drugs can tolerate oral medications.Overall,the regimen of acid-suppressant drugs was suboptimal in 87.6% of the sample.This misuse was mainly observed in non-teaching hospitals.CONCLUSION:This study highlighted the need,in Lebanese hospitals,to establish clinical practice guidelines for the use of SUP;mainly in non-critical care settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72140003 and 72025401)by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘China is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world,the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate change.The transition towards a carbon-neutral society is integrated into the construction of ecological civilization in China,and brings profound implications for China’s socioeconomic development.Here,we not only summarize the major challenges in achieving carbon neutrality in China,but also identify the four potential new opportunities:namely,the acceleration of technology innovations,narrowing regional disparity by reshaping the value of resources,transforming the industrial structure,and co-benefits of pollution and carbon mitigation.Finally,we provide five policy suggestions and highlight the importance of balancing economic growth and carbon mitigation,and the joint efforts among the government,the enterprises,and the residents.
