Under different reaction conditions, the expected and unexpected reaction products (of which X-ray crystallographic structure was presented) of etherification of 2-per(poly)fluoroethyl 4-substituted phenol with β-hal...Under different reaction conditions, the expected and unexpected reaction products (of which X-ray crystallographic structure was presented) of etherification of 2-per(poly)fluoroethyl 4-substituted phenol with β-haloethanol can be obtained respectively.展开更多
AIM To investigate the protective mechanism of mitofusin-2(Mfn2) in rat remote ischemic perconditioning(RIC) models and revalidate it in alpha mouse liver-12(AML-12) hypoxia cell lines.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were...AIM To investigate the protective mechanism of mitofusin-2(Mfn2) in rat remote ischemic perconditioning(RIC) models and revalidate it in alpha mouse liver-12(AML-12) hypoxia cell lines.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups(n = 6 each): sham, orthotopic liver transplantation and RIC. After operation, blood samples were collected to test alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. The liver lobes were harvested for histopathological examination, western blotting(WB) and quantitative real-time(q RT)-PCR. AML-12 cell lines were then subjected to normal culture, anoxic incubator tank culture(hypoxia) and anoxic incubator tank culture with Mfn2 knockdown(hypoxia + Si), and data of q RT-PCR, WB, mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm), apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentrations and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations were collected.RESULTS Both sham and normal culture groups showed no injury during the experiment. The RIC group showed amelioration of liver function compared with the orthotopic liver transplantation group(P < 0.05). q RTPCR and WB confirmed that Mfn2-mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1/2(MICUs) axis was changed(P < 0.005). In AML-12 cell lines, compared with the hypoxia group, the hypoxia + Si group attenuated the collapse of ΔΨm and apoptosis(P < 0.005). The endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ decrease and mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading observed in the hypoxia group were also attenuated in the hypoxia + Si group(P < 0.005). Finally, q RT-PCR and WB confirmed the Mfn2-MICUs axis change in all the groups(P < 0.005).CONCLUSION Mfn2 participates in liver injury in rat RIC models and AML-12 hypoxia cell lines by regulating the MICUs pathway.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effect of economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions in Sudan. Within the c...This study aimed to investigate the effect of economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions in Sudan. Within the context of the EKC, the study applies the OLS, cointegration, vector error correction modelling (VECM) and Granger causality methods. The study has established a long run equilibrium relationship for both CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O in their relation to economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use in presence of trade openness (TOP) and inflows of foreign direct investments (FDI). The estimated VECM shows that emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> are significantly affected by economic growth, TOP, and FDI with no effect of agricultural growth in the short run while CH<sub>4</sub> is found to be significantly affected by economic growth, agricultural growth, TOP and FDI in the long run. The estimated VECM for N<sub>2</sub>O shows that N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are more significantly affected by energy use, agricultural growth and FDI with no effect of economic growth in the short run, while N<sub>2</sub>O is found to be significantly affected by economic growth, agricultural growth, TOP and FDI in the long run. Consistently, findings from the estimated OLS and VECMs show that the EKC does not hold for either CH<sub>4</sub>, or N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, and that N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are more significantly affected by economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use than emissions of CH<sub>4</sub>. Findings from impulse response and variance decomposition analysis confirm that emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O are more responsive to economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use than emissions of CH<sub>4</sub>. Granger causality analysis shows existence of bidirectional relationship between CH<sub>4</sub> and agricultural growth, but a unidirectional relationship from CH<sub>4</sub> to FDI. For N<sub>2</sub>O, the study finds a unidirectional relationship running from agricultural growth to N<sub>2</sub>O, while N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are found to cause GDP per capita, the squared GDP per capita, OIL consumption and FDI. In terms of causality, these results suggest that emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O have been generated more by agricultural activities than by overall economic activity, and that activities generating N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in particular have been contributing significantly to economic growth. Within the context of the country’s intended nationally determined contributions, the findings of this study suggest that policies should be directed cautiously but more effectively to control N<sub>2</sub>O than CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Economic growth could be pursued without significant environmental harm from both CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, Sudan should expand adoption of energy efficiency measures, expansion of renewable energy use, place restrictions on production and use of fuel woods and charcoal for low carbon economy and green growth.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Under different reaction conditions, the expected and unexpected reaction products (of which X-ray crystallographic structure was presented) of etherification of 2-per(poly)fluoroethyl 4-substituted phenol with β-haloethanol can be obtained respectively.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Talents Support Plan,Department of Education,Henan Province,China,No.17HASTIT044China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2017M610374
文摘AIM To investigate the protective mechanism of mitofusin-2(Mfn2) in rat remote ischemic perconditioning(RIC) models and revalidate it in alpha mouse liver-12(AML-12) hypoxia cell lines.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups(n = 6 each): sham, orthotopic liver transplantation and RIC. After operation, blood samples were collected to test alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. The liver lobes were harvested for histopathological examination, western blotting(WB) and quantitative real-time(q RT)-PCR. AML-12 cell lines were then subjected to normal culture, anoxic incubator tank culture(hypoxia) and anoxic incubator tank culture with Mfn2 knockdown(hypoxia + Si), and data of q RT-PCR, WB, mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm), apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentrations and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations were collected.RESULTS Both sham and normal culture groups showed no injury during the experiment. The RIC group showed amelioration of liver function compared with the orthotopic liver transplantation group(P < 0.05). q RTPCR and WB confirmed that Mfn2-mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1/2(MICUs) axis was changed(P < 0.005). In AML-12 cell lines, compared with the hypoxia group, the hypoxia + Si group attenuated the collapse of ΔΨm and apoptosis(P < 0.005). The endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ decrease and mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading observed in the hypoxia group were also attenuated in the hypoxia + Si group(P < 0.005). Finally, q RT-PCR and WB confirmed the Mfn2-MICUs axis change in all the groups(P < 0.005).CONCLUSION Mfn2 participates in liver injury in rat RIC models and AML-12 hypoxia cell lines by regulating the MICUs pathway.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions in Sudan. Within the context of the EKC, the study applies the OLS, cointegration, vector error correction modelling (VECM) and Granger causality methods. The study has established a long run equilibrium relationship for both CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O in their relation to economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use in presence of trade openness (TOP) and inflows of foreign direct investments (FDI). The estimated VECM shows that emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> are significantly affected by economic growth, TOP, and FDI with no effect of agricultural growth in the short run while CH<sub>4</sub> is found to be significantly affected by economic growth, agricultural growth, TOP and FDI in the long run. The estimated VECM for N<sub>2</sub>O shows that N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are more significantly affected by energy use, agricultural growth and FDI with no effect of economic growth in the short run, while N<sub>2</sub>O is found to be significantly affected by economic growth, agricultural growth, TOP and FDI in the long run. Consistently, findings from the estimated OLS and VECMs show that the EKC does not hold for either CH<sub>4</sub>, or N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, and that N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are more significantly affected by economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use than emissions of CH<sub>4</sub>. Findings from impulse response and variance decomposition analysis confirm that emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O are more responsive to economic growth, agricultural growth and energy use than emissions of CH<sub>4</sub>. Granger causality analysis shows existence of bidirectional relationship between CH<sub>4</sub> and agricultural growth, but a unidirectional relationship from CH<sub>4</sub> to FDI. For N<sub>2</sub>O, the study finds a unidirectional relationship running from agricultural growth to N<sub>2</sub>O, while N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are found to cause GDP per capita, the squared GDP per capita, OIL consumption and FDI. In terms of causality, these results suggest that emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O have been generated more by agricultural activities than by overall economic activity, and that activities generating N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in particular have been contributing significantly to economic growth. Within the context of the country’s intended nationally determined contributions, the findings of this study suggest that policies should be directed cautiously but more effectively to control N<sub>2</sub>O than CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Economic growth could be pursued without significant environmental harm from both CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, Sudan should expand adoption of energy efficiency measures, expansion of renewable energy use, place restrictions on production and use of fuel woods and charcoal for low carbon economy and green growth.