On Boolean elements and derivations in 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebras

A 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebra(2DL-LIA)can build a bridge between logical algebra and 2-dimension fuzzy linguistic information.In this paper,the notion of a Boolean element is proposed in a 2DL-LIA and some properties of Boolean elements are discussed.Then derivations on 2DL-LIAs are introduced and the related properties of derivations are investigated.Moreover,it proves that the derivations on 2DL-LIAs can be constructed by Boolean elements.

多模态超声心动图技术综合评估2型糖尿病患者左心房结构及功能

目的基于心肌斑点追踪技术及实时三维超声技术探讨2型糖尿病患者左心房容积、功能及心肌应变及其与血清炎性指标的相关性研究。方法收集2018年9月至2021年12月于我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者328例,其中单纯2型糖尿病患者220例,早期糖尿病肾病患者108例,选取同期于我院就诊134例健康体检者为对照组。应用二维心肌斑点追踪技术评估患者左心房应变,分别得到三腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-LAX)、四腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-A4C)、两腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-A2C)、左房平均峰值纵向应变(LA-PALS)。应用三维超声评估左心房容积及收缩功能,得到左房最大容积指数(LAVImax)、左房收缩前容积指数(LAVIp)、左房最小容积指数(LAVImin)及左房总排空分数(LATEF);同时记录受试者炎性相关血清学指标。结果3组LAVImin及左心房应变指标:PALS-LAX、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,单纯糖尿病组患者LAVImin增大,PALS-LAX、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS减小(P<0.05);与单纯糖尿病组比较,早期糖尿病肾病组患者LAD、EDT、E/e′、LAVImax、LAVImin增大,E/A和LATEF降低,左心房应变指标:PALS-LAX、PALS-A4C、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS进一步减小(P均<0.05)。相关性研究发现,餐后2 h血糖与LAVImin、LA-PALS、E/e′呈负相关(r=-0.583、-0.788,-0.414,P<0.05);糖化血红蛋白与LAVImin、E/e’呈负相关(r=-0.439、-0.551,P<0.05);IL-6及IL-8与LA-PALS呈负相关(r=-0.541、-0.429,P<0.05);IL-6及IL-8与LAVImin呈负相关(r=-0.572、-0.517,P<0.05);血清β2微球蛋白与LAVImin、LA-PALS呈负相关(r=-0.614、-0.568,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者随病程进展逐渐出现左心房心肌应变减低、左心房增大及排空功能减低;LA-PALS及LAVImin与患者餐后2 h血糖水平、血清β2微球蛋白IL-6、IL-8水平呈负相关。

Role of 2-dimensional Doppler echo-cardiography in screening portopulmonary hypertension in portal hypertension patients

BACKGROUND: Portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) is difficult to recognize in the early and middle stages because it is frequently asymptomatic. As right ventricular function is impaired in patients with moderate and severe PPH, any dramatic hemodynamic changes in liver transplantation or other procedures may result in death from pulmonary and cardiac events. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PPH in patients with portal hypertension (PHT) mainly caused by hepatitis B virus, and evaluated the effect of 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (2D-ECHO) in screening for PPH. METHODS: One hundred and five PHT patients received transthoracic 2D-ECHO preoperatively, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP, normal range <30 mmHg) and pulmonary acceleration time (PAT, normal range >= 120 msec) were measured to screen for PPH (positive result: SPAP >= 30 mmHg and/or PAT <100 msec). Subsequently, pulmonary hemodynamic parameters were measured by right heart catheterization (RHC) for definitive diagnosis of PPH. The results of the two methods were compared to assess the screening effect of 2D-ECHO. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPH in this study was 3.8% (4/105). About 90% (95/105) of patients had a detectable tricuspid regurgitation by 2D-ECHO and the mean SPAP was 27.7 +/- 5.9 mmHg. Twenty-two of these 95 patients had an SPAP >30 mmHg. The mean PAT of all patients was 140 23 msec and 5 were <100 msec. Twenty-two patients were screened out by 2D-ECHO and 4 were diagnosed by RHC. A positive significant correlation (r=0.55, P<0.01) was found between SPAP measured by 2D-ECHO and mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) measured by RHC, and a weak but significant negative correlation (r=-0.27, P=0.005) existed between PAT and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The sensitivity, specificity, agreement rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the screening test were 100%, 82%, 83%, 18% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PPH in this study is lower than in Western countries. As a screening test, 2D-ECHO has very high sensitivity and negative predictive value. A negative test result can directly be used to exclude PPH, while a positive result should be confirmed by RHC.

Evaluation of Ventricular-vascular Coupling in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging

The elastic and functional coupling of heart and vessels makes the stroke work （SW） of the heart optimal. Speckle tracking imaging （STI） can evaluate the myocardial strain and function. We studied ventricular-vascular coupling in 80 diabetic patients with different systolic function using STI. The patients were divided into two groups according to ejection fraction （EF）： the diabetes mel- litus with normal EF （DMN） group and the diabetes mellitus with abnormal EF （DMA） group. Forty-two volunteers served as control group. The relative wall thickness （RWT）, left ventricular mass index （LVMI）, stroke volume （SV）, SW, rate-pressure product （RPP）, systemic vascular resis- tance index （SVRI）, left ventricular end-systolic elastance （Ees）, effective arterial elasticity （Ea） and ventricular-vascular coupling index （VVI） were measured and calculated by conventional echocardi- ography. The longitudinal strain （LS） at basement （LSBA）, papillary muscle （LSvM） and cardiac apex （LSAv） was assessed with STI. It was found： （A） compared with control group, in DMN and DMA groups, LSBA, LSvM and LSAp decreased, and they were lower in DMA group. （B） VVI, RPP and SVRI increased, and they were higher in DMN group; Ees decreased, and it was lower in DMA group. （C） LSBA, LSpM, and LSAv had negative correlation with VVI. LSAp, RWT, LVMI and SW were independent predictors for VVI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves was used for identification of DMA and DMN with LSBA, LSpM, and LSAp, and the area under the ROC of LSAp was the largest. This study supports that myocardial LS could reflect the ventricu- lar-vascular coupling. Different segments had an order to “respond to” the state of the coupling, and the cardiac apex might be the earliest.

Multi-attribute group decision making method under 2-dimension uncertain linguistic variables

A method is proposed to deal with the uncertain multiple attribute group decision making problems,where 2-dimension uncertain linguistic variables(2DULVs)are used as the reliable way for the experts to express their fuzzy subjective evaluation information.Firstly,in order to measure the 2DULVs more accurately,a new method is proposed to compare two 2DULVs,called a score function,while a new function is defined to measure the distance between two 2DULVs.Secondly,two optimization models are established to determine the weight of experts and attributes based on the new distance formula and a weighted average operator is used to determine the comprehensive evaluation value of each alternative.Then,a score function is used to determine the ranking of the alternatives.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by an illustrated example.

左心自动应变分析评价高脂血症对2型糖尿病患者左心功能的影响

目的 分应用左心自动应变分析评价2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的左心功能,旨在验证高脂血症是否加剧T2DM患者左心功能障碍,并探讨与左心应变相关的危险因素。方法 选取86例T2DM患者,根据是否合并高脂血症分为DM1组(不合并高脂血症,n=43)和DM2组(合并高脂血症,n=43)。另选取43例健康志愿者作为对照组。对所有入组人员进行常规超声心动图和左心自动应变分析检查,获取常规超声测量值和左心室心尖四腔心整体纵向应变(GLSA4c)、左心室心尖三腔心整体纵向应变(GLSA3C)、左心室心尖两腔心整体纵向应变(GLSA2C)、左心室平均整体纵向应变(GLSavg)、左房储存应变(LASr)、左房通道应变(LAScd)、左房收缩应变(LASct)。比较各组间观察指标的差异,采用多元线性回归分析确定影响左心应变的独立危险因素。结果 与对照组相比,DM1组LVGLSA4C、LVGLSA3C、LVGLSA2C、LVGLSavg、LASr、LAScd明显减低(P<0.05)。DM2组LVGLSA4C、LVGLSA3C、LVGLSA2C、LVGLSavg、LASr、LAScd均低于其他两组(P<0.05)。预估总胆固醇与左心LVGLSA4C、LVGLSA3C、LVGLSA2C、LVGLSavg、LASr、LAScd绝对值呈负相关关系(P<0.001),甘油三酯与左心LVGLSA4C、LVGLSA3C、LVGLSA2C、LVGLSavg、LASr、LAScd绝对值呈负相关关系(P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析显示,LVGLSA4C、LVGLSA3C、LVGLSA2C、LVGLSavg、LASr、LAScd绝对值与TG独立相关(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM患者的左心应变明显受损,高脂血症可加剧糖尿病患者左心应变的恶化。TG可能是预测左心应变减低的独立危险因素。

左室压力-应变环评估肥胖2型糖尿病患者左室收缩功能的临床价值

目的探讨左室压力-应变环评估肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者左室收缩功能的临床应用价值。方法选取我院收治的T2DM患者84例,根据体质量指数(BMI)分为T2DM伴肥胖组41例(BMI≥25 kg/m^(2))和T2DM不伴肥胖组43例(BMI<25 kg/m^(2)),均行常规超声心动图和左室压力-应变环检查并获取相关参数,比较两组各参数的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选肥胖T2DM患者左室收缩功能受损的独立影响因素;分析肥胖T2DM患者GLS和心肌做功参数与BMI的相关性。结果两组常规超声心动图参数比较差异均无统计学意义。T2DM伴肥胖组整体纵向应变(GLS)、整体有效功(GCW)、整体做功效率(GWE)均低于T2DM不伴肥胖组,整体无效做功(GWW)、整体做功指数(GWI)均高于T2DM不伴肥胖组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI、GWW、GWI均为肥胖T2DM患者左室收缩功能受损的独立危险因素(OR=1.973、1.619、1.748,均P<0.05),GLS、GCW、GWE均为独立保护因素(OR=0.847、0.814、0.781,均P<0.05)。肥胖T2DM患者GWI、GWW与BMI均呈正相关(r=0.673、0.633,均P<0.001),GLS、GCW、GWE与BMI均呈负相关(r=-0.611、-0.597、-0.681,均P<0.001)。结论肥胖可能会加重T2DM患者左室重构和收缩功能受损,左室压力-应变环在评估肥胖T2DM患者左室收缩功能中具有一定的临床应用价值。

Multisoliton Solutions of the (2+1)-Dimensional KdV Equation

Using the extension homogeneous balance method,we have obtained some new special types of soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation.Starting from the homogeneous balance method,one can obtain a nonlinear transformation to simple (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation into a linear partial differential equation and two bilinear partial differential equations.Usually,one can obtain only a kind of soliton-like solutions.In this letter,we find further some special types of the multisoliton solutions from the linear and bilinear partial differential equations.

RT-3DE参数与射血分数保留心衰患者可溶性致癌抑制因子2水平及心功能分级的交互关系

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)参数与射血分数保留心衰(HFpEF)患者血清可溶性致癌抑制因子2(sST2)水平及心功能相关性。方法选取80例HFpEF患者作为HFpEF组,依据美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级分为:Ⅱ级(14例)、Ⅲ级(48例)、Ⅳ级(18例),另选择100例同期于我院体检的健康志愿者作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测所有患者的血清sST2水平,所有患者均行常规超声心动图和RT-3DE检查,记录左心室6、12、16节段到达收缩期最小容积时间最大差异值标准化值(TmsvDif%)、标准差标准化值(TmsvSD%)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV);分析各RT-3DE参数与血清sST2水平及心功能之间的相关性。结果不同心功能分级HFpEF患者LVEF均明显低于对照组,且心功能等级越高LVEF越低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同心功能分级HFpEF患者LVEDV、LVESV明显高于对照组,且心功能等级越高LVEDV、LVESV越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同心功能分级HFpEF患者Tmsv 6-SD%、Tmsv12-SD%、Tmsv16-SD%及Tmsv 6-Dif%、Tmsv 12-Dif%、Tmsv 16-Dif%较对照组均明显延长,且心功能等级越高,患者左心室6、12、16节段TmsvSD%和TmsvDif%时间越长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同NYHA分级HFpEF血清sST2表达水平高于对照组,且心功能分级较高的HFpEF患者sST2水平明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,RT-3DE相关参数LVEDV、LVESV、Tmsv6-SD%、Tmsv12-SD%、Tmsv16-SD%、Tmsv 6-Dif%、Tmsv 12-Dif%、Tmsv 16-Dif%均与NYHA心功能分级存在显著正相关性(r=0.687,0.752,0.501,0.565,0.581,0.522,0.596,0.603;P<0.05),LVEF与NYHA心功能分级存在负相关性(r=-0.731,P<0.05)。LVEDV、LVESV与血清sST2表达存在显著正相关性(r=0.335,0.356;P均<0.05),LVEF与血清sST2、心功能分级存在负相关性(r=-0.313,P<0.05)。结论RT-3DE能够有效监测HFpEF患者左心房容积功能和左心室舒张功能变化情况,RT-3DE相关参数与心功能分级密切相关,对于心衰患者程度评估具有重要价值。

超声心动图联合sST2、sTREM-1在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊断中的临床价值

目的研究超声心动图指标联合血清可溶性致癌抑制因子2(sST2)、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月在河北省沧州中西医结合医院治疗的90例急性STEMI患者作为STEMI组,选取同期冠状动脉造影检查结果为阴性的90例胸痛患者为对照组,比较两组超声心动图指标左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和血清sST2、sTREM-1水平;采用Pearson相关分析急性STEMI患者LVEF、LVEDD与血清sST2、sTREM-1水平的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清sST2、sTREM-1、LVEF、LVEDD诊断急性STEMI的价值。采用多因素Logistic回归分析急性STEMI发生的影响因素。结果STEMI组LVEF低于对照组,LVEDD高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。STEMI组CK-MB、cTnI水平及心率、心绞痛史比例高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,急性STEMI患者LVEF与血清sST2、sTREM-1水平均呈负相关(r=-0.454、-0.463,P<0.05),LVEDD与血清sST2、sTREM-1水平均呈正相关(r=0.493、0.515,P<0.05)。LVEF、LVEDD及血清sST2、sTREM-1联合诊断急性STEMI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.930,明显大于各项指标单独检测的AUC(Z=4.780、5.611、3.591、3.087,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,sST2≥24.91 ng/mL、sTREM-1≥36.65 pg/mL是急性STEMI发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清sST2、sTREM-1联合超声心动图对急性STEMI患者的诊断效能较好。

Subclinical impairment of left ventricular myocardium function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without hypertension

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients over the last decade.AIM To determine whether layer-specific global longitudinal strain(GLS)combined with peak strain dispersion(PSD)can be used to assess left ventricle(LV)myocardium systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients or without hypertension(HP).METHODS We enrolled 97 T2DM patients,70 T2DM+HP patients and 101 healthy subjects.Layer-specific GLS and PSD were calculated by EchoPAC software in apical three-,four-and two-chamber views.GLS of the epimyocardial,middle-layer and endomyocardial(GLSepi,GLSmid,and GLSendo)were measured and recorded.Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to detect LV myocardium systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients.RESULTS There were significant differences in GLSepi,GLSmid,GLSendo,and PSD between healthy subjects,T2DM patients and T2DM patients with HP(P<0.001).Trend tests yielded the ranking of healthy subjects>T2DM patients>T2DM with HP patients in the absolute values of GLSepi,GLSmid and GLSendo(P<0.001),while PSD was ranked healthy subjects<T2DM<T2DM with HP(P<0.001).Layer-specific GLS and PSD had high diagnostic efficiency for detecting LV myocardium systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients,however,the area under the curve(AUC)for layer-specific GLS and PSD combined was significantly higher than the AUCs for the individual indices(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Layer-specific GLS and PSD were associated with LV myocardium systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients,T2DM patients with HP.T2DM patients with HP have more severe LV myocardium systolic dysfunction than T2DM patients without HP and normal control patients.The combination of layer-specific GLS and PSD may provide additional prognostic information for T2DM patients with or without HP.

Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without peripheral vascular disease

BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular disease(PVD)is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Patients with T2DM have twice the risk of PVD as nondiabetic patients.AIM To evaluate left ventricular(LV)systolic function by layer-specific global longitudinal strain(GLS)and peak strain dispersion(PSD)in T2DM patients with and without PVD.METHODS Sixty-five T2DM patients without PVD,57 T2DM patients with PVD and 63 normal controls were enrolled in the study.Layer-specific GLS[GLS of the epimyocardium(GLSepi),GLS of the middle myocardium(GLSmid)and GLS of the endocardium(GLSendo)]and PSD were calculated.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was performed to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of LV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with PVD.We calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between biochemical data,echocardiographic characteristics,and layer-specific GLS and PSD.RESULTS There were significant differences in GLSepi,GLSmid and GLSendo between normal controls,T2DM patients without PVD and T2DM patients with PVD(P<0.001).Trend tests revealed a ranking of normal controls>T2DM patients without PVD>T2DM patients with PVD in the absolute value of GLS(P<0.001).PSD differed significantly between the three groups,and the trend ranking was as follows:normal controls<T2DM patients without PVD<T2DM patients with PVD(P<0.001).ROC analysis revealed that the combination of layer-specific GLS and PSD had high diagnostic efficiency for detecting LV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with PVD.Lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol was positively correlated with GLSepi,GLSmid and PSD(P<0.05),while LV ejection fraction was negatively correlated with GLSepi,GLSmid and GLSendo in T2DM patients with PVD(P<0.01).CONCLUSION PVD may aggravate the deterioration of LV systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients.Layer-specific GLS and PSD can be used to detect LV systolic dysfunction accurately and conveniently in T2DM patients with or without PVD.

2-Dimension Interleaver Design for IDMA Systems

A new design method interleavers, 2-dimension interleavers, are proposed for interleave division multiple access （IDMA） systems. With a same interleaving rule named I＇, the row indices and column indices of a traditional block interleaving matrix are scrambled to obtain an interleaver, which is marked as the master interleaver. F is produced by a loworder PN sequence generator. Two ways are provided for generating different interleavers. One is that all interleavers are generated by the circular shifting master interleaver. The other is that different inter leavers are generated by different Ts. Besides, we prove that the minimum distance between two adjacent bits resulted from 2-dimension interleaves is much larger than that of other schemes, such as random interleavers, power interleavers, and shiffting interleaves. The simulation results show that 2-dimension interleavers can achieve much better performance with much less resource consumption than random interleavers in IDMA systems.

心肌超声造影心动图联合斑点追踪成像评价2-氨基乙氧基二苯基硼酸酯对砷中毒大鼠心脏保护作用

目的观察心肌超声造影心动图(MCE)联合斑点追踪成像(STI)评价2-氨基乙氧基二苯基硼酸酯(2-APB)对砷中毒大鼠心脏保护作用的价值。方法将40只大鼠随机分为三氧化二砷(ATO)中毒后低剂量2-APB干预组(2-APB_(L)组)、ATO中毒后高剂量2-APB干预组(2-APB H组)、单纯ATO中毒组(ATO组)、单纯2-APB干预组(2-APB组)及对照组,每组8只。对2-APB_(L)组、2-APB H组及ATO组均经腹腔注射ATO 5 mg/kg体质量,对2-APB组和对照组注射等量生理盐水;之后分别以2、4、4 mg/kg体质量对2-APB_(L)组、2-APB H组和2-APB组注射2-APB,对ATO组和对照组注射等量生理盐水;行MCE及STI检查,检测血清心肌损伤标志物及心肌肌浆网Ca^(2+)-ATP酶(SERCA);最后行心肌病理学检查。观察组间各参数差异,并行相关性分析。结果5组左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、曲线上升斜率(WIS)、峰值信号强度(PI)、WIS×PI、曲线下面积(AUC)、各层心肌整体圆周应变(GCS)及谷草转氨酶(GOT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、SERCA差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且基本依ATO组、2-APB_(L)组、2-APB H组、2-APB组/对照组次序递增或递减(P均<0.05)。WIS、PI、WIS×PI、心内膜下心肌GCS、中层心肌GCS、心外膜下心肌GCS均与SERCA呈正相关(r=0.874、0.893、0.920、0.916、0.848、0.783,P均<0.05)。结论MCE联合STI、尤其WIS×PI和心内膜下心肌GCS可用于评估2-APB对砷中毒大鼠心脏的保护作用。

LOCALIZED COHERENT STRUCTURES OF THE (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL HIGHER ORDER BROER-KAUP EQUATIONS

By using the extended homogeneous balance method, the localized coherent structures are studied. A nonlinear transformation was first established, and then the linearization form was obtained based on the extended homogeneous balance method for the higher order (2 + 1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup equations. Starting from this linearization form equation, a variable separation solution with the entrance of some arbitrary functions and some arbitrary parameters was constructed. The quite rich localized coherent structures were revealed. This method, which can be generalized to other (2 + I) -dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, is simple and powerful.

主动脉瓣环内径诊断2型糖尿病合并冠心病的效能研究

目的探讨超声心动图(ultrasound cardiogram,UCG)常见指标主动脉瓣环内径诊断2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)的效能。方法采用病例-对照研究设计方案,纳入2022年10月1日至2023年10月31日徐州医科大学附属医院心血管内科收治入院并行冠状动脉造影的患者。训练集440例,其中确诊T2DM合并CHD(T2DM-CHD)患者217例,单纯T2DM患者223例。验证集按照7∶3比例抽取187例,其中T2DM-CHD患者91例,单纯T2DM患者96例。同步采集患者一般临床资料和UCG各项指标,统计分析各项UCG指标与T2DM合并CHD的相关性,根据受试者操作曲线下面积(area under the subject curve,AUC)大小选择最佳预测指标,并进一步确定用于诊断的切点并验证诊断的准确性。结果所有UCG指标中只有主动脉窦内径和主动脉瓣环内径两项指标组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。同时,此两项指标与两组的诊断分型显著相关(P<0.05)。主动脉瓣环内径对诊断分型的AUC最大为0.920(P<0.01),敏感性(0.819)和特异性(0.843)最佳,切点为23.00 mm,此切点验证诊断的准确率为90.37%。结论主动脉瓣环内径可作为一个识别T2DM-CHD患者的关键预测指标,当T2DM患者心脏主动脉瓣环内径<23.00 mm时合并CHD的可能性大。

Bifurcation of travelling wave solutions for (2+1)-dimension nonlinear dispersive long wave equation

In this paper,the bifurcation of solitary,kink,anti-kink,and periodic waves for （2＋1）-dimension nonlinear dispersive long wave equation is studied by using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems.Bifurcation parameter sets are shown,and under various parameter conditions,all exact explicit formulas of solitary travelling wave solutions and kink travelling wave solutions and periodic travelling wave solutions are listed.

New Exact Solutions for the Generalized （2 ＋ 1）-dimensional Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation with Variable Coefficients

With the help of the variable-coefficient generalized projected Ricatti equation expansion method, we present exact solutions for the generalized （2＋1）-dimensional nonlinear SchrSdinger equation with variable coefficients. These solutions include solitary wave solutions, soliton-like solutions and trigonometric function solutions. Among these solutions, some are found for the first time.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Function in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot by Two-dimensional Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging

Quantification of right ventricular(RV)volume and function remains a challenge because of RV complex geometry by conventional echocardiography.The purpose of this study was to assess RV global longitudinal function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(STI).Thirty-eight patients with TOF were enrolled in this study and divided into child group(n=25)and adult group(n=13)according to age.Thirty-eight age-and sex-matched normal subjects were selected as c...

血糖控制不理想对2型糖尿病患者亚临床心肌收缩功能的影响研究

目的·探讨血糖控制不理想对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者亚临床心脏收缩功能的影响。方法·选取2021年6月—2022年3月于上海市第一人民医院嘉定分院随诊治疗的T2DM患者83例,以糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)水平分为血糖控制理想(satisfactory control of glycaemia group,SCG)组和血糖控制不理想(less satisfactory control of glycaemia group,LSCG)组,同时选取对照组受试者54例。标准的超声心动图检查后,分别获取左心室结构和功能参数及左室心内膜下层、心肌中层和心外膜下层整体纵向应变(global longitudinal strain,GLS)指标GLS_(endo)、GLS_(mid)和GLS_(epi)。采用方差分析进行参数比较,相关分析采用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析。应用受试者操作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线分析纵向应变以鉴别T2DM患者亚临床心肌功能损害的诊断效能。结果·室间隔厚度和左室后壁厚度在LSCG组均厚于SCG组和对照组(均P<0.05),而在SCG组和对照组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与对照组相比,LSCG组和SCG组的左室舒张功能指标二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度(early peak flow velocity by Doppler,E)/左心室侧壁二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度(early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus by tissue Doppler imaging,e)均较大且差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而LSCG和SCG组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。左心室射血分数在3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与LSCG组比较,GLS_(endo)、GLS_(mid)、GLS_(epi)的收缩形变数值在SCG组和对照组均较大(均P<0.05),而在SCG和对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HbA1c是GLS_(mid)和GLS_(epi)的独立负相关影响因素(β值分别为−0.198和−0.239,均P<0.05)。GLS_(endo)、GLS_(mid)和GLS_(epi)在LSCG与SCG组间具有中等诊断效能,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.754(95%CI 0.624~0.884)、0.755(95%CI 0.624~0.885)和0.751(95%CI 0.619~0.882)。结论·血糖控制不理想的T2DM患者心肌收缩功能减低,这种亚临床心肌损害与HbA1c水平呈独立负相关。