Localized wave solutions and interactions of the (2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation

This paper studies the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation.Based on an associated Hirota bilinear form,lump-type solution,two types of interaction solutions,and breather wave solution of the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation are obtained,which are all related to the seed solution of the equation.It is interesting that the rogue wave is aroused by the interaction between one-lump soliton and a pair of resonance stripe solitons,and the fusion and fission phenomena are also found in the interaction between lump solitons and one-stripe soliton.Furthermore,the breather wave solution is also obtained by reducing the two-soliton solutions.The trajectory and period of the one-order breather wave are analyzed.The corresponding dynamical characteristics are demonstrated by the graphs.

Long noncoding RNAs HAND2-AS1 ultrasound microbubbles suppress hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the miR-873-5p/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 axis

BACKGROUND Increasing data indicated that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)were directly or indirectly involved in the occurrence and development of tumors,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent studies had found that the expression of lncRNA HAND2-AS1 was downregulated in HCC tissues,but its role in HCC progression is unclear.Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction mediated gene transfection is a new method to overexpress genes.AIM To study the role of ultrasound microbubbles(UTMBs)mediated HAND2-AS1 in the progression of HCC,in order to provide a new reference for the treatment of HCC.METHODS In vitro,we transfected HAND2-AS1 siRNA into HepG2 cells by UTMBs,and detected cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)by cell counting kit-8 assay,flow cytometry,Transwell invasion assay and Western blotting,respectively.In addition,we transfected miR-837-5p mimic into UTMBs treated cells and observed the changes of cell behavior.Next,the UTMBs treated HepG2 cells were transfected together with miR-837-5p mimic and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2(TIMP2)overexpression vector,and we detected cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and EMT.In vivo,we established a mouse model of subcutaneous transplantation of HepG2 cells and observed the effect of HAND2-AS1 silencing on tumor formation ability.RESULTS We found that UTMBs carrying HAND2-AS1 restricted cell proliferation,invasion,and EMT,encouraged apoptosis,and HAND2-AS1 silencing eliminated the effect of UTMBs.Additionally,miR-873-5p targets the gene HAND2-AS1,which also targets the 3’UTR of TIMP2.And miR-873-5p mimic counteracted the impact of HAND2-AS1.Further,miR-873-5p mimic solely or in combination with pcDNA-TIMP2 had been transformed into HepG2 cells exposed to UTMBs.We discovered that TIMP2 reversed the effect of miR-873-5p mimic caused by the blocked signalling cascade for matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)2/MMP9.In vivo results showed that HAND2-AS1 silencing significantly inhibited tumor formation in mice.CONCLUSION LncRNA HAND2-AS1 promotes TIMP2 expression by targeting miR-873-5p to inhibit HepG2 cell growth and delay HCC progression.

Safety and efficacy of modified endoscopic ultrasound-guided selective N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injections for gastric variceal hemorrhage in left-sided portal hypertension

BACKGROUND Gastric variceal hemorrhage is one of the primary manifestations of left-sided portal hypertension(LSPH).The hemorrhage is fatal and requires safe and effective interventions.AIM To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of modified endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided selective N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate(NBC)injections for gastric variceal hemorrhage in LSPH.METHODS A retrospective observational study of patients with LSPH-induced gastric variceal hemorrhage was conducted.Preoperative EUS evaluations were performed.Enrolled patients were divided into modified and conventional groups according to the NBC injection technique.The final selection of NBC injection technique depended on the patients’preferences and clinical status.The technical and clinical success rates,operation time,NBC doses,perioperative complications,postoperative hospital stay,and recurrent bleeding rates were analyzed,respectively.RESULTS A total of 27 patients were enrolled.No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding baseline characteristics.In comparison to patients in the conventional group,patients in the modified group demonstrated significantly reduced NBC doses(2.0±0.6 mL vs 3.1±1.0 mL;P=0.004)and increased endoscopic operation time(71.9±11.9 min vs 22.5±6.7 min;P<0.001).Meanwhile,the two groups had no significant difference in the technical and clinical success rates,perioperative complications,postoperative hospital stay,and recurrent bleeding rates.CONCLUSION Modified EUS-guided selective NBC injections demonstrated safety and efficacy for LSPH-induced gastric variceal hemorrhage,with advantages of reduced injection dose and no radiation risk.Drawbacks were time consumption and technical challenge.

MOLECULES AND NEW INTERACTIONAL STRUCTURES FOR A(2+1)-DIMENSIONAL GENERALIZED KONOPELCHENKO-DUBROVSKY-KAUP-KUPERSHMIDT EQUATION

Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmetric solitons upon assigning appropriate values to some parameters.Furthermore,a double-peaked lump solution can be constructed with breather degeneration approach.By applying a mixed technique of a resonance ansatz and conjugate complexes of partial parameters to multisoliton solutions,various kinds of interactional structures are constructed;There include the soliton molecule(SM),the breather molecule(BM)and the soliton-breather molecule(SBM).Graphical investigation and theoretical analysis show that the interactions composed of SM,BM and SBM are inelastic.

Resonant interactions among two-dimensional nonlinear localized waves and lump molecules for the(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation

The(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation is a high-dimensional generalization of the Toda lattice and a semidiscrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equation.This paper focuses on investigating the resonant interactions between two breathers,a breather/lump and line solitons as well as lump molecules for the(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation.Based on the N-soliton solution,we obtain the hybrid solutions consisting of line solitons,breathers and lumps.Through the asymptotic analysis of these hybrid solutions,we derive the phase shifts of the breather,lump and line solitons before and after the interaction between a breather/lump and line solitons.By making the phase shifts infinite,we obtain the resonant solution of two breathers and the resonant solutions of a breather/lump and line solitons.Through the asymptotic analysis of these resonant solutions,we demonstrate that the resonant interactions exhibit the fusion,fission,time-localized breather and rogue lump phenomena.Utilizing the velocity resonance method,we obtain lump–soliton,lump–breather,lump–soliton–breather and lump–breather–breather molecules.The above works have not been reported in the(2+1)-dimensional discrete nonlinear wave equations.

Interaction solutions and localized waves to the(2+1)-dimensional Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation with variable coefficient

This article investigates the Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation with variable coefficient using the Hirota bilinear method and the long wave limit method.The equation is proved to be Painlevé integrable by Painlevé analysis.On the basis of the bilinear form,the forms of two-soliton solutions,three-soliton solutions,and four-soliton solutions are studied specifically.The appropriate parameter values are chosen and the corresponding figures are presented.The breather waves solutions,lump solutions,periodic solutions and the interaction of breather waves solutions and soliton solutions,etc.are given.In addition,we also analyze the different effects of the parameters on the figures.The figures of the same set of parameters in different planes are presented to describe the dynamical behavior of solutions.These are important for describing water waves in nature.

超声造影在2型糖尿病患者骨骼肌微循环病变评估中的应用

目的通过超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)评估小腿三头肌的微循环灌注情况,探讨CEUS在2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)微血管病变评估中的应用价值。方法收集2020年8月至2023年1月在温州医科大学附属第二医院内分泌科住院治疗的T2DM患者51例,分为单纯T2DM组(n=15)、T2DM微循环病变组(n=36),记录每位患者的糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)和胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)。CEUS观察小腿三头肌的造影情况,获取定量造影指标区域增强强度(enhanced intensity,PI-BI)和区域达峰时间(regional peak time,TTP-AT),并进行组间对比分析。结果T2DM微变组的HbA1c及HOMA-IR高于单纯T2DM组(P<0.05)。T2DM微变组腓肠肌内侧头(musculi gastrocnemii,MG)、腓肠肌外侧头(laterale musculi gastrocnemi,LG)、比目鱼肌(soleus,SOL)及交界区的TTP-AT均长于单纯T2DM组(P<0.05)。两组SOL的TTP-AT均为最长,LG次之,MG最短(P<0.05)。T2DM微变组MG的PI-BI高于SOL(P<0.05)。小腿三头肌交界区的TTP-AT与HbA1c、HOMA-IR之间均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论CEUS小腿三头肌TTP-AT是评估T2DM患者微血管病变的新指标。

超声耦合TiO_(2)/UV光催化处理对玉米秸秆组分影响研究

本文采用超声耦合Ti O_(2)/UV光催化处理玉米秸秆,探究处理条件对玉米秸秆组分及结构的影响。研究结果表明,在Ti O_(2)投加量为0.25g·L^(-1)、pH值为8.25、超声强度为0.625W·m L^(-1)、处理1h的条件下,玉米秸秆中木质素和半纤维素含量分别由未处理前的26.06%、20.58%降低到22.85%、18.39%,纤维素含量由37.67%增加到40.39%。超声耦合Ti O_(2)/UV光催化处理可以破坏玉米秸秆的结构,玉米秸秆断裂破碎成细小碎片,表面粗糙有褶皱。本研究可为超声耦合Ti O_(2)/UV光催化技术在玉米秸秆预处理中的应用提供技术参考。

血清AFP-L2与NIPT联合超声NT值在胎儿异常染色体筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨血清甲胎蛋白异质体L2(AFP-L2)、无创产前基因检测(NIPT)技术联合超声胎儿后颈部透明层的厚度(NT)值对24~28^(+6)胎儿染色体异常筛查的价值。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月于医院接受早期孕检确认染色体异常的孕妇120例纳入染色体异常组,选取同期接受正常孕检且已完成胎儿染色体异常筛查的孕妇120名作为健康志愿者。对所有受检孕妇分别采取超声检查NT、血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT技术单独检测及三者联合检测。比较4种检测方式的阳性、阴性检出情况,以及4种检测方式对提高胎儿染色体异常筛查的诊断效能。结果与健康志愿者比较,染色体异常组胎儿AFP-L2检查水平较低,NT厚度较高(P<0.05)。与超声检查比较,血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT检查、联合检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高(P<0.05);与血清AFP-12检查比较,超声检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较低,NIPT检查、联合检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高;与NIPT检查比较,血清AFP-12检查、超声检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较低,联合检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高(P<0.05)。与超声检查比较,血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT检查、联合检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较高(P<0.05);NIPT检查技术对于性染色体异常的总阳性预测值(PPV)为92.24%;对于54,X(含嵌合体)、54,XXX、54,XXY、54,XYY、性染色体微缺失微重复的PPV分别为49.05%、79.15%、85.55%、43.19%、57.69%。与血清AFP-12检查比较,超声检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较低,NIPT检查、联合检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较高,与NIPT检查比较,超声检查、血清AFP-12检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较低,联合检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较高(P<0.05)。结论通过超声检查、血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT技术对胎儿染色体不正常进行筛查,提高对胎儿染色体异常筛查的准确率,降低误诊率,具有良好的诊断效能。超声、血清AFP-L2检查联合NIPT技术对胎儿染色体异常筛查具有重要意义。

Exotic Localized Coherent Structures of New (2+1)-Dimensional Soliton Equation

The variable separation approach is used to obtain localized coherent structures of the new (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partialdifferential equation. Applying the Backlund transformation and introducing the arbitraryfunctions of the seed solutions, the abundance of the localized structures of this model are derived. Some special types ofsolutions solitoff, dromions, dromion lattice, breathers and instantons are discussed by selecting the arbitrary functionsappropriately. The breathers may breath in their amplititudes, shapes, distances among the peaks and even the numberof the peaks.

A Variable Separation Approach to Solve the Integrable and Nonintegrable Models:Coherent Structures of the (2 + 1)-Dimensional KdV Eqnation

We study the localized coherent structures ofa generally nonintegrable (2+ 1 )-dimensional KdV equation via a variable separation approach. In a special integrable case, the entrance of some arbitrary functions leads to abundant coherent structures. However, in the general nonintegrable case, an additional condition has to be introduced for these arbitrary functions. Although the additional condition has been introduced into the solutions of the nonintegrable KdV equation, there still exist many interesting solitary wave structures. Especially, the nonintegrable KdV equation possesses the breather-like localized excitations, and the similar static ring soliton solutions as in the integrable case. Furthermor,in the integrable case, the interaction between two travelling ring solitons is elastic, while in the nonintegrable case we cannot find even the single travelling ring soliton solution.

Role of 2-dimensional Doppler echo-cardiography in screening portopulmonary hypertension in portal hypertension patients

BACKGROUND: Portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) is difficult to recognize in the early and middle stages because it is frequently asymptomatic. As right ventricular function is impaired in patients with moderate and severe PPH, any dramatic hemodynamic changes in liver transplantation or other procedures may result in death from pulmonary and cardiac events. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PPH in patients with portal hypertension (PHT) mainly caused by hepatitis B virus, and evaluated the effect of 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (2D-ECHO) in screening for PPH. METHODS: One hundred and five PHT patients received transthoracic 2D-ECHO preoperatively, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP, normal range <30 mmHg) and pulmonary acceleration time (PAT, normal range >= 120 msec) were measured to screen for PPH (positive result: SPAP >= 30 mmHg and/or PAT <100 msec). Subsequently, pulmonary hemodynamic parameters were measured by right heart catheterization (RHC) for definitive diagnosis of PPH. The results of the two methods were compared to assess the screening effect of 2D-ECHO. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPH in this study was 3.8% (4/105). About 90% (95/105) of patients had a detectable tricuspid regurgitation by 2D-ECHO and the mean SPAP was 27.7 +/- 5.9 mmHg. Twenty-two of these 95 patients had an SPAP >30 mmHg. The mean PAT of all patients was 140 23 msec and 5 were <100 msec. Twenty-two patients were screened out by 2D-ECHO and 4 were diagnosed by RHC. A positive significant correlation (r=0.55, P<0.01) was found between SPAP measured by 2D-ECHO and mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) measured by RHC, and a weak but significant negative correlation (r=-0.27, P=0.005) existed between PAT and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The sensitivity, specificity, agreement rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the screening test were 100%, 82%, 83%, 18% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PPH in this study is lower than in Western countries. As a screening test, 2D-ECHO has very high sensitivity and negative predictive value. A negative test result can directly be used to exclude PPH, while a positive result should be confirmed by RHC.

On Boolean elements and derivations in 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebras

A 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebra(2DL-LIA)can build a bridge between logical algebra and 2-dimension fuzzy linguistic information.In this paper,the notion of a Boolean element is proposed in a 2DL-LIA and some properties of Boolean elements are discussed.Then derivations on 2DL-LIAs are introduced and the related properties of derivations are investigated.Moreover,it proves that the derivations on 2DL-LIAs can be constructed by Boolean elements.

超声造影和超声弹性成像特征与乳腺癌HER-2表达的相关性分析

目的:分析超声造影和超声弹性成像技术特征与乳腺癌分子生物学指标人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)表达的相关性。方法:抽样选取2019年2月至2022年6月南京医科大学附属苏州医院及佳木斯大学附属第-院收治的63例女性浸润性乳腺癌患者,采用免疫组织化学方法检测患者乳腺癌分子生物学指标HER-2阳性表达情况,根据免疫组织化学结果将患者分为阳性组(22例)和阴性组(41例)。所有患者均接受超声造影与超声弹性成像检查,分析比较两组患者超声造影与超声弹性成像特征差异,采用二元logistic回归分析HER-2表达阳性的影响因素,依据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评估超声造影与超声弹性成像特征单独及联合预测HER-2阳性的价值。结果:两组患者超声弹性成像特征比较有显著差异,HER-2阳性患者成像特征显示形态为不规则、边缘呈毛刺征占比分别为86.4%、77.3%,显著大于HER-2阴性组患者(58.5%、51.2%),差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=5.117、4.060,P<0.05)。两组患者超声造影特征比较差异显著,HER-2阳性患者造影特征显示有滋养血管、造影后病灶扩大≥3 cm占比分别为77.3%、81.8%,显著大于HER-2阴性组患者患者(41.5%、39.0%),差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=7.390、10.554,P<0.05)。以超声造影与超声弹性成像特征(形态、边缘、滋养血管、造影后病灶变大)为自变量,HER-2阳性表达为因变量,logistic回归分析显示,形态规则、边缘光滑、无滋养血管以及造影后病灶变大<3 cm是乳腺癌患者HER-2阳性表达的保护因素(OR=0.185、0.199、0.070、0.186,P<0.05)。超声造影与超声弹性成像特征(形态、边缘、滋养血管、造影后病灶变大)单独预测乳腺癌患者HER-2阳性表达ROC曲线下面积为0.630、0.639、0.679和0.714,联合预测曲线下面积为0.874。结论:超声造影与超声弹性成像特征中形态、边缘,以及滋养血管、造影后病灶变大均为乳腺癌患者HER-2阳性的影响因素,术前采用超声造影、超声弹性成像进行联合评估对预测HER-2表达有一定临床参考价值。

Modified (2+1)-dimensional displacement shallow water wave system and its approximate similarity solutions

Recently, a new （2＋1）-dimensional shallow water wave system, the （2＋1）-dlmenslonal displacement shallow water wave system （2DDSWWS）, was constructed by applying the variational principle of the analytic mechanics in the Lagrange coordinates. The disadvantage is that fluid viscidity is not considered in the 2DDSWWS, which is the same as the famous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and Korteweg-de Vries equation. Applying dimensional analysis, we modify the 2DDSWWS and add the term related to the fluid viscidity to the 2DDSWWS. The approximate similarity solutions of the modified 2DDSWWS （M2DDSWWS） is studied and four similarity solutions are obtained. For the perfect fluids, the coefficient of kinematic viscosity is zero, then the M2DDSWWS will degenerate to the 2DDSWWS.

The Travelling Wave Solutions for （2＋1）-dimensional AKNS Equation

Based on the travelling wave method, a(2 + 1)-dimensional AKNS equation is considered. Elliptic solution and soliton solution are presented and it is shown that the soliton solution can be reduced from the elliptic solution. It also proves that the result is consistent with the soliton solution of simplify Hirota bilinear method by Wazwaz and illustrate the solution are right travelling wave solution.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Function in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot by Two-dimensional Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging

Quantification of right ventricular(RV)volume and function remains a challenge because of RV complex geometry by conventional echocardiography.The purpose of this study was to assess RV global longitudinal function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(STI).Thirty-eight patients with TOF were enrolled in this study and divided into child group(n=25)and adult group(n=13)according to age.Thirty-eight age-and sex-matched normal subjects were selected as c...

Exotic interactions between solitons of the （2＋1）-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system

Starting from the extended tanh-function method （ETM） based on the mapping method, the variable separation solutions of the （2＋1）-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik Novikov Veselov （ANNV） system are derived. By further study, we find that these variable separation solutions are seemingly independent of but actually dependent on each other. Based on the variable separation solution and by choosing appropriate functions, some novel and interesting interactions between special solitons, such as bell-like compacton, peakon-like compacton and compacton-like semifoldon, are investigated.

New periodic wave solutions, localized excitations and their interaction for (2+1)-dimensional Burgers equation

Based on the B/icklund method and the multilinear variable separation approach （MLVSA）, this paper finds a general solution including two arbitrary functions for the （2＋1）-dimensional Burgers equations. Then a class of new doubly periodic wave solutions for （2＋l）-dimensional Burgers equations is obtained by introducing appropriate Jacobi elliptic functions, Weierstrass elliptic functions and their combination in the general solutions （which contains two arbitrary functions）. Two types of limit cases are considered. Firstly, taking one of the moduli to be unity and the other zero, it obtains particular wave （called semi-localized） patterns, which is periodic in one direction, but localized in the other direction. Secondly, if both moduli are tending to 1 as a limit, it derives some novel localized excitations （two-dromion solution）.

Nonlocal symmetry and exact solutions of the(2+1)-dimensional modified Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation

In this paper,the truncated Painlev′e analysis,nonlocal symmetry,Bcklund transformation of the（2＋1）-dimensional modified Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation are presented.Then the nonlocal symmetry is localized to the corresponding nonlocal group by the prolonged system.In addition,the（2＋1）-dimensional modified Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff is proved consistent Riccati expansion（CRE） solvable.As a result,the soliton–cnoidal wave interaction solutions of the equation are explicitly given,which are difficult to find by other traditional methods.Moreover figures are given out to show the properties of the explicit analytic interaction solutions.