Polymer bonded explosive(PBX)formulations were successfully prepared in the laboratory scale containing 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene(FOX-7)and hexogen(RDX)as brisant high explosives and different binder types of poly...Polymer bonded explosive(PBX)formulations were successfully prepared in the laboratory scale containing 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene(FOX-7)and hexogen(RDX)as brisant high explosives and different binder types of polyurethane(PU)based on glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) as an energetic and inert polymeric binder respectively.Casting technique was used for the preparation of different PBX formulations based on FOX-7/RDX and PU(GAP/HTPB)with 14% binder.The sensitivity to different initial impulses and performance characteristics of the explosive and lethal zone of the tested controlled fragmentation warhead by the fragmentation warhead assessment test(arena test)were studied,in which the arena test was carried out with a controlled fragmentation warhead made from Ck45 steel,with dimensions(100 mm length,30 mm outer diameter and 3 mm thickness).Results show that PBXGF4 has lower sensitivity to impact and heat than those of PBXGR4 by 188.4% and 3.2% respectively.Its friction sensitivity is the same as that of PBXGR4.It has better performance,in which detonation velocity increases by 2.1% and brisance increases by 0.5% when compared with those of PBXGR4.It was concluded that PBXGF4 which based on FOX-7 bonded with PU/GAP matrix has good characteristics as PBX,specially in the sensitivity to impact and can be applied for replacing PBXs based on RDX in the advanced PBXs for low sensitive fragmentation warheads.展开更多
A new energetic material,4,5-dimethoxy-2-（dinitromethylene）imidazolidine（DMDNI）,was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine（DDNI） and methanol,and structurally characte...A new energetic material,4,5-dimethoxy-2-（dinitromethylene）imidazolidine（DMDNI）,was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine（DDNI） and methanol,and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.DMDNI crystallized in triclinic space group P1,with crystal data a=0.4324（4） nm,b=1.3599（11） nm,c=1.7503（14） nm,α=77.406（14）°,β=84.494（15）°,γ=87.976（14）°,V=0.9997（14） nm 3,Z=4,μ=0.140 mm-1,F（000）=488,D c =1.556 g/cm ^3,R 1 =0.0773 and wR 2 =0.1574.Thermal decomposition of DMDNI was studied,and its thermal decomposition process was divided into two stages.The first stage was a melting process and the second stage was an exothermic decomposition process.The enthalpy,apparent activation energy and pre-exponential constant of the exothermic decomposition reaction are-491.5 J/g,142.3 kJ/mol and 10 14.24 s^-1,respectively.The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 162.47 °C.DMDNI has a lower thermal stability than DDNI but it is close to that of 4,5-diacetoxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine（DADNI）.展开更多
以1,1'-二氨基-2,2'-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)为原料,经浓硝酸硝化及有机溶剂萃取得到高氧平衡化合物——四硝基乙酰胺酸(TNAA)。对比了四种有机萃取溶剂(二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳和乙酸乙酯)所得TNAA的收率及纯度。采用DSC和TG研究...以1,1'-二氨基-2,2'-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)为原料,经浓硝酸硝化及有机溶剂萃取得到高氧平衡化合物——四硝基乙酰胺酸(TNAA)。对比了四种有机萃取溶剂(二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳和乙酸乙酯)所得TNAA的收率及纯度。采用DSC和TG研究了TNAA的热行为。结果表明,确定二氯甲烷为最佳萃取溶剂,其收率为95.0%,纯度为99.4%。升温速率10 K·min^(-1)下,TNAA熔化吸热峰的初始温度、峰值温度分别为84.8℃和87.8℃,熔融焓为61.7 J·g^(-1);分解放热峰的初始温度、峰值温度分别为117.7℃和131.4℃,分解热为934.8 J·g^(-1)。采用Kissinger方法得到的TNAA的热分解反应活化能E为124.7 k J·mol^(-1),指前因子A为10^(16.1)s^(-1)。自加速分解温度T_(SADT)为102.3℃、热爆炸临界温度T_b为112.2℃、T=Tp时TNAA热分解反应的热力学参数ΔH~≠、ΔS~≠以及ΔG~≠,分别为121.5 k J·mol^(-1)、61.2 J·K^(-1)·mol^(-1)和98.0 k J·mol^(-1)。展开更多
A new energetic material, 4,5-diacetoxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine （DADNI）, was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine （DDNI） and acetic anhydride, and charac...A new energetic material, 4,5-diacetoxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine （DADNI）, was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine （DDNI） and acetic anhydride, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for DADNI are monoclinic, space group C2/c, a= 15.9167（3）A, b= 8.6816（4）A, c=8.5209（3） A, t= 103.294（9）°, V= 1145.9（3） A3, Z=4,A=0.150 mm 1, F（000）=600, Dc= 1.682 gocm-3, R] =0.0565 and wR2=0.1649. Thermal decomposition behavior of DADNI was studied and an intensely exothermic process was observed. The kinetic equation of the decomposition reaction is：exp（-1.582 ×10^5/RT）. The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 163.76℃. The specific heat capacity of DADNI was studied with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method. The molar heat capacity is 343.30 J·mol^-1·K^-1 at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of DADNI was calculated to be 87.7 s.展开更多
文摘Polymer bonded explosive(PBX)formulations were successfully prepared in the laboratory scale containing 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene(FOX-7)and hexogen(RDX)as brisant high explosives and different binder types of polyurethane(PU)based on glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) as an energetic and inert polymeric binder respectively.Casting technique was used for the preparation of different PBX formulations based on FOX-7/RDX and PU(GAP/HTPB)with 14% binder.The sensitivity to different initial impulses and performance characteristics of the explosive and lethal zone of the tested controlled fragmentation warhead by the fragmentation warhead assessment test(arena test)were studied,in which the arena test was carried out with a controlled fragmentation warhead made from Ck45 steel,with dimensions(100 mm length,30 mm outer diameter and 3 mm thickness).Results show that PBXGF4 has lower sensitivity to impact and heat than those of PBXGR4 by 188.4% and 3.2% respectively.Its friction sensitivity is the same as that of PBXGR4.It has better performance,in which detonation velocity increases by 2.1% and brisance increases by 0.5% when compared with those of PBXGR4.It was concluded that PBXGF4 which based on FOX-7 bonded with PU/GAP matrix has good characteristics as PBX,specially in the sensitivity to impact and can be applied for replacing PBXs based on RDX in the advanced PBXs for low sensitive fragmentation warheads.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20803058)the Basal Science Foundation of National Defense(No.B0920110005)+1 种基金the Science Program Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2011kjxx31)the Education Committee Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2010JK881)
文摘A new energetic material,4,5-dimethoxy-2-（dinitromethylene）imidazolidine（DMDNI）,was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine（DDNI） and methanol,and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.DMDNI crystallized in triclinic space group P1,with crystal data a=0.4324（4） nm,b=1.3599（11） nm,c=1.7503（14） nm,α=77.406（14）°,β=84.494（15）°,γ=87.976（14）°,V=0.9997（14） nm 3,Z=4,μ=0.140 mm-1,F（000）=488,D c =1.556 g/cm ^3,R 1 =0.0773 and wR 2 =0.1574.Thermal decomposition of DMDNI was studied,and its thermal decomposition process was divided into two stages.The first stage was a melting process and the second stage was an exothermic decomposition process.The enthalpy,apparent activation energy and pre-exponential constant of the exothermic decomposition reaction are-491.5 J/g,142.3 kJ/mol and 10 14.24 s^-1,respectively.The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 162.47 °C.DMDNI has a lower thermal stability than DDNI but it is close to that of 4,5-diacetoxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine（DADNI）.
文摘以1,1'-二氨基-2,2'-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)为原料,经浓硝酸硝化及有机溶剂萃取得到高氧平衡化合物——四硝基乙酰胺酸(TNAA)。对比了四种有机萃取溶剂(二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳和乙酸乙酯)所得TNAA的收率及纯度。采用DSC和TG研究了TNAA的热行为。结果表明,确定二氯甲烷为最佳萃取溶剂,其收率为95.0%,纯度为99.4%。升温速率10 K·min^(-1)下,TNAA熔化吸热峰的初始温度、峰值温度分别为84.8℃和87.8℃,熔融焓为61.7 J·g^(-1);分解放热峰的初始温度、峰值温度分别为117.7℃和131.4℃,分解热为934.8 J·g^(-1)。采用Kissinger方法得到的TNAA的热分解反应活化能E为124.7 k J·mol^(-1),指前因子A为10^(16.1)s^(-1)。自加速分解温度T_(SADT)为102.3℃、热爆炸临界温度T_b为112.2℃、T=Tp时TNAA热分解反应的热力学参数ΔH~≠、ΔS~≠以及ΔG~≠,分别为121.5 k J·mol^(-1)、61.2 J·K^(-1)·mol^(-1)和98.0 k J·mol^(-1)。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20803058）, Basal Science Foundation of National Defense （No. B0920110005） and the Education Committee Foundation of Shaanxi Province （No. 2010JK881）.
文摘A new energetic material, 4,5-diacetoxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine （DADNI）, was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine （DDNI） and acetic anhydride, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for DADNI are monoclinic, space group C2/c, a= 15.9167（3）A, b= 8.6816（4）A, c=8.5209（3） A, t= 103.294（9）°, V= 1145.9（3） A3, Z=4,A=0.150 mm 1, F（000）=600, Dc= 1.682 gocm-3, R] =0.0565 and wR2=0.1649. Thermal decomposition behavior of DADNI was studied and an intensely exothermic process was observed. The kinetic equation of the decomposition reaction is：exp（-1.582 ×10^5/RT）. The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 163.76℃. The specific heat capacity of DADNI was studied with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method. The molar heat capacity is 343.30 J·mol^-1·K^-1 at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of DADNI was calculated to be 87.7 s.
