N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate and hypertonic glucose with 72% chromated glycerin in gastric varices

cyanoacrylate and a mixture of 72% chromated glycerinwith hypertonic glucose solution in management ofgastric varices.METHODS： Ninety patients with gastric varicespresented to Endoscopy Unit of Ain Shams UniversityHospital were included. They were randomly allocatedinto three groups; each group included 30 patients treatedwith intravariceal sclerosant injections in biweeklysessions till complete obturation of gastric varices;Group I （n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Histoacryl？）, GroupII （iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Amcrylate？） and GroupIII （mixture of 72% chromated glycerin; Scleremo？with glucose solution 25%）. All the procedures wereperformed electively without active bleeding. Recruitedpatients were followed up for 3 mo.RESULTS： 26% of Scleremo group had bleeding duringpuncture vs 3.3% in each of the other two groups withsignificant difference, （P 〈 0.05）. None of Scleremogroup had needle obstruction vs 13.3% in each of theother two groups with no significant difference, （P 〉0.05）. Rebleeding occurred in 13.3% of Histoacryl andAmcrylate groups vs 0% in Scleremo group with nosignificant difference. The in hospital mortality was 6.6%in both Histoacryl and Amcrylate groups, while it was0% in Scleremo group with no significant difference. Inthe first and second sessions, the amount of Scleremoneeded for obturation was significantly high, while the amount of Histoacryl was significantly low. Scleremo was the less costly of the two treatments. CONCLUSION： All used sclerosant substances showed efficacy and success in management of gastric varices with no significant differences except in total amount,cost and bleeding during puncture.

Cerebral and splenic infarctions after injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in esophageal variceal bleeding

Variceal bleeding is the most serious complication of portal hypertension,and it accounts for approximately one fifth to one third of all deaths in liver cirrhosis patients.Currently,endoscopic treatment remains the predominant method for the prevention and treatment of variceal bleeding.Endoscopic treatments include band ligation and injection sclerotherapy.Injection sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate has been successfully used to treat variceal bleeding.Although injection sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate provides effective treatment for variceal bleeding,injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is associated with a variety of complications,including systemic embolization.Herein,we report a case of cerebral and splenic infarctions after the injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate to treat esophageal variceal bleeding.

Endoscopic management of Dieulafoy's lesion using Isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Dieulafoy's lesion (DL) is a rare but important cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding that may be over-looked during diagnostic endoscopy. Mortality rates are similar to those of other causes for gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis by upper endoscopy is the modal-ity of choice during acute bleeding. In the absence of active bleeding, the lesion resembles a raised nipple or visible vessel. There are no guidelines regarding effective selective therapy for DL, when diagnosed, en-doscopist experience is the major determinant of the treatment strategy. Following our strategy, an expert endoscopist with a skilled assistant should have a high rate of successful DL diagnosis when an obscured gas-trointestinal lesion is suspected. Cyanoacryltes com-pounds have been used successfully in management of Gastric varices and DLs. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports regarding use of isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate (AMCRYLATE ; Concord Drugs Ltd.,Hyderabad, India) as an effective therapy for gastric DL without serious complications. In our case study, Isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate (AMCRYLATE) was effective and safe for treating DL. Surgical wedge resection of the lesion should be considered as a therapeutic option if endoscopic therapy fails.

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 3-[2-(4-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Ethyl]-Benzo[d] Isoxazole-4,6-Diol

A new phloretin derivative 1 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-benzo[d] isoxazole-4,6-diol (yield 63%) was synthesized from phloretin by carbonyl nucleophilic addition condensation reaction. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The phloretin, compound 1, resveratrol and acetylated resveratrol were determined by comparing them with paclitaxel. Anti-tumor activity of alcohol on SPC-A1, EC109, A549, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Compound 1 showed better antitumor activity than docetaxel against A549 tumor cells.

On the Wear Behavior of Cyanoacrylate in Presence of Nano-Sized SiO₂

Cyanoacrylate adhesive and its composites have been widely used in industry and dentistry. According to literature survey done by the authors, there are few papers concentrated on role of nano-sized particles on wear behavior of cyanoacrylate glue. Thus the main goal of current research focused on clarifying the role of nano-sized SiO2 on wear behavior of cyanoacrylate. Pin-on-disk wear test, SEM imaging and microhardness test was utilized to investigate wear performance of cyanoacrylate and its nanocomposites with SiO2. The results indicated that SiO2 nano powders can reduce wear rate of cyanoacrylate and change its wear mechanism. It was also shown that surface hardness of cyanoacrylate is increased by addition of nano-sized SiO2.

2-Octyl-Cyanoacrylate Skin Adhesive Used as a Splinting Material in Auricular Surgery

In cases of auricular surgery, postoperative dressings are thought to be important for keeping auricular contour and in helping to prevent from dressing failures due to edema or subcutaneous hematoma, which may result in fibrous or cartilaginous proliferation. However, it is often difficult to achieve success with standard dressings because of the complicated shape of the auricle. We used 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate skin adhesive to dress the auricle after different types of auricular procedures (five cases of cryptotia, two of prominent ear, two of severe auricular laceration, two of skin grafting and one of flap repair of the partial auricle defect). The 2-octyl-cyanoacrlaate skin adhesive was applied to the suture line and the operated and peripheral areas for wider coverage. No dressing materials were placed over the surface. In all cases, the desired outcome was achieved, without subcutaneous hematoma, wound dehiscence, and wound infection. Contact dermatitis caused by the skin adhesive was not observed in any of the cases. Dressing and splinting after auricular surgery can be simply and successfully achieved using 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate skin adhesive. There is no need for more complicated dressings and post-surgical dressing changes, resulting in higher patient satisfaction.

Endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformation with N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate

objective:To explore the characteristics and preparation of N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate (NBCA) as anembolic material for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and to discuss the indications, and technicalnote of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and the prevention of its complications. Methods:Forty patients with AVM were treated using microcatheterization techniques with NBCA through intravascular approach under supervision of digital subtraction angiography (DSA ). Results: of these 40 patients whoseAVMs were ernbolized 57 times, 8 were cured, 31 had significant improvement of clinical symptoms withoutrebleeding. Complications included headache, neurological dysfunction, normal perfusion pressure breakthrough. Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in one case due to rupture of an arterial feeder which required surgical operation. Visual field defect was found and did not recover in one. Conclusion:TAE with NBCA is aneffective therapeutic mesure for AVM. Domestic NBCA is of good quality and low price, therefore, it can beused to substitute for similar imported products.

Comparison of modified percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization and endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for gastric variceal rebleeding

AIM:To compare the efficacy of modified percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization(PTVE)with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate(2-OCA)and endoscopic variceal obturation(EVO)with an injection of 2-OCA for prophylaxis of gastric variceal rebleeding. METHODS:In this retrospective study,the medical records of liver cirrhosis patients with gastric variceal bleeding who underwent either endoscopic 2-OCA(EVO) or modified PTVE using 2-OCA at Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2006 to December 2008 were reviewed.Patient demographics,rebleeding rate,survival rate,and complications were compared between the two groups(PTVE and EVO).All results were expressed as mean±SD,or as a percentage.Quantitative variables were compared by two sample Student t tests, and qualitative variables were compared by the Fisher exact test or theχ 2 test(with Yates correction)where appropriate.A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Statistical computation was performed using SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 77 patients were included;45 patients who underwent EVO and 32 patients who received PTVE.During the follow-up(19.78±7.70 mo in the EVO group,vs 21.53±8.56 mo in the PTVE group) rebleeding occurred in 17 patients in the EVO group and in 4 patients in the PTVE group(37.78%vs 12.5%, P=0.028).The cumulative rebleeding-free rate was 75%,59%,and 49%in 1,2,and 3 years respectively for EVO,and 93%,84%,and 84%for PTVE(P=0.011). Cox analysis was used to identify independent factors that predicted rebleeding after treatment.Variables including age,gender,cause,Child-Pugh classification, size of gastric varices(GV),location of GV,and treatment methods were analyzed.It was revealed that Child-Pugh classification[risk ratio(RR)2.10,95%CI:1.03-4.28,P=0.040],choice of treatment(RR 0.25, 95%CI:0.08-0.80,P=0.019),and size of GV(RR 2.14, 95%CI:1.07-4.28,P=0.032)were the independent factors for predicting rebleeding.Follow-up computed tomography revealed that cyanoacrylate was retained in the varices and in the feeding veins of PTVE patients. During the follow-up,eight patients in the EVO group and four patients in the PTVE group died.The cumulative survival rates at 1,2,and 3 years were 93%,84%, and 67%respectively in the EVO group,and 97%, 88%,and 74%respectively in the PTVE group.The survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups(P=0.432).Cox analysis showed that the Child-Pugh classification was the most significant prognostic factor of survival(RR 2.77,95%CI:1.12-6.80,P=0.027).The incidence of complications was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION:With extensive and permanent obliteration of gastric varices and its feeding veins,PTVE with 2-OCA is superior to endoscopic 2-OCA injection for preventing gastric variceal rebleeding.

Extraction of Gold by Di(2-ethylhexyl)Sulfoxide and N-Octyl Sulfoxide

A long chain aliphatic sulfoxide can be used as an extractant.It can extract almost all metallic ions which can be extracted by tributylphosphate (TBP).The extraction of gold was studied by Chekushin,V. S. and Mojski,M.using petroleum sulfoxide and n-dioctyl sulfoxide(DOSO) as an extractant respectively.

4,5-二氢-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-酮-2-甲氨基取代氰基丙烯酸酯类化合物的合成及生物活性研究

采用氰基丙烯酸酯与5-甲氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-甲氨在乙醇中加热回流的方法合成了一系列4,5-二氢-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-酮-2-甲氨基取代的氰基丙烯酸酯类化合物.目标化合物结构均经1HNMR,IR和元素分析确证.生物活性测试结果表明:部分化合物对双子叶杂草显示出较好的除草活性及良好的选择性,化合物6j在1.5kg/ha的剂量下对油菜的茎叶处理抑制率达到100%;部分化合物还表现出了一定的杀菌和植物生长调节活性.构效关系研究发现氰基丙烯酸酯3-位取代基的体积对除草活性影响较大,3-位为异丙基时活性最高.

氰基丙烯酸酯胶栓塞原发性肝细胞癌合并重度肝动脉门静脉瘘12例疗效分析

目的评价采用α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate,NBCA)胶栓塞治疗肝癌伴重度肝动脉门静脉瘘(arterioportal shunt,APS)的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月至2010年1月,采用NBCA胶栓塞治疗12例原发性肝细胞癌合并有门静脉主干表现为离肝血流的重度APS患者。随访和分析12例重度APS患者的手术前后APS改善情况、肿瘤反应、生存期和手术相关并发症等。结果接受NBCA胶栓塞的12例患者在术后即刻造影显示APS迅速改善。而在进行随访复查造影的10例中,有8例的APS得到持续改善。按mRECIST标准在首次栓塞术后第4个月肿瘤取得最大疗效;接受随访的病例中部分缓解为2/10,疾病进展为3/10,疾病稳定为5/10。患者的半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为67%,33%,8%;中位生存期为275 d,介入栓塞未出现严重并发症。结论采用NBCA胶栓塞肝癌合并重度APS患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法。

3-(5′-乙氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2′-亚甲氨基)-2-氰基-3-取代-丙烯酸酯类化合物的合成、晶体结构及生物活性

采用氰基丙烯酸酯与5-乙氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-甲氨在乙醇中加热回流的方法合成了一系列3-(5′-乙氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2′-亚甲氨基)-2-氰基-3-取代-丙烯酸酯类化合物.目标化合物结构均经1HNMR和元素分析确证.生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物对双子叶杂草油菜和苋菜显示出较好的除草活性及良好的选择性,用化合物6j在600g/ha剂量下对油菜和苋菜茎叶进行处理,抑制率仍达100%和95.2%,与对照样B相当;氰基丙烯酸酯3位取代基体积对除草活性影响较大,3位为异丙基时活性最高.

α-氰基丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯的合成工艺和性质研究

目的合成α-氰基丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯，并研究其性能。方法以氰乙酸、乙二醇单甲醚和多聚甲醛为原料，经酯化、Knoevenagel缩合和裂解反应合成α-氰基丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯，考察催化剂用量、带水剂对反应收率的影响，测定该物质的剪切强度和黏度。结果目标化合物经核磁共振氢谱、气相色谱．质谱、红外光谱等确证其化学结构，催化剂为对甲苯磺酸，用量2．32％，带水剂分别为环己烷和石油醚（60～90℃），反应收率好，总收率65．6％。结论α-氰基丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯的剪切强度为18．21MPa，黏度为5．3mPa·S，适于用作医用胶，而且本工艺简单，合成收率高，适于工业化生产。

(E)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯的合成和晶体结构

标题化合物C14 H15O4N(3)是由 3,4 二甲氧基苯甲醛 (1) 与氰乙酸乙酯 (2 ) 在KF/蒙脱土催化下以N ,N 二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF)作溶剂反应而得 .结构通过单晶X射线衍射分析确定 ,其晶体属于单斜晶系 ,空间群P2 1/n ,a =1.310 1(3) ,b =0 .80 32 (2 ) ,c =1.385 4 (2 )nm ,β =114 .2 1(1)° ,Mr=2 6 1.2 7,V =1.32 96 (5 )nm3 ,Dc=1.30 5 g/cm3 ,Z =4 ,μ(MoKα) =0 .0 96mm-1,F(0 0 0 ) =5 5 2 .晶体结构用直接法解出 ,使用全矩阵最小二乘法对原子参数进行修正 ,最后的偏离因子R =0 .0 398,RW =0 .0 816 .单晶X衍射分析表明标题化合物为 (E)式异构体产物 ,说明该反应具有立体选择性 .

(Z)-3-(4-氯苯基)-3-[N,N-二-(4-氯-1-甲基-3-乙基-5-吡唑甲酰基)-氨基]-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯的合成

以对氯苯甲酰氯与氰基乙酸乙酯反应,经氯化,氨化,再与4-氯-1-甲基-3-乙基-5-吡唑甲酰氯反应,合成了(Z)-3-(4-氯苯基)-3-[N,N-二-(4-氯-1-甲基-3-乙基-5-吡唑甲酰基)-氨基]-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯,其结构经1H NMR,IR,X晶体衍射分析,证实为目标化合物。

新型医用粘合剂:α-氰基丙烯酸1,2-异丙叉甘油酯的合成

α-氰基丙烯酸-1,2-异丙叉甘油酯是一种新型的医用快速生物降解的组织粘合剂和止血剂。本文改进了合成工艺,提高到产率41～51％,本工艺具有条件温和,反应速度快和后处理简单的优点。经动物试验证明其止血效果优于目前临床上常用止血药物。

Kinetic Study of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate

A kinetic model was developed to describe the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2(N,N-dimethylarnino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The model was based on a polymerization mechanism, which included the atom transfer equilibrium for primary radical, the propagation of growing polymer radical, and the atom transfer equilibrium for the growing polymer radical. An experiment was carried out to measure the conversion of monomer, the number-average molecular weight of polymer and molecular weight distribution for the ATRP process of DMAEMA. The experimental data were used to correlate the kinetic model and rate constants were obtained. The rate constants of activation and deactivation in the atom transfer equilibrium for primary radical are 1.0 x 10(4) L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1) and 0.04 L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1), respectively. The rate constant of the propagation of growing polymer radical is 8.50 L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1), and the rate constants of activation and deactivation in the atom transfer equilibrium for growing polymer radical are 0.045 L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1) and 1.2 x 10(5) L(.)mol(-1.)s(-1), respectively. The values of the rate constants represent the features of the ATRP process. The kinetic model was used to calculate the ATRP process of DMAEMA. The results show that the calculations agree well with the measurements.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Herbicidal Activities of 2-Cyanoacrylates Containing 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moieties

Three series of novel 2-cyanoacrylates 7a--7f, 9a-9f, 10a--10f containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring moieties were synthesized as herbicidal inhibitors of photosystem II （PS II） electron transportation. Their structures were clearly verified by lH NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis （or HRMS analysis） and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Bioassay showed that a suitable group at the 3-position of acrylates was essential for high herbicidal activ- ity. In particular, compound 7e showed the best herbicidal activities and gave 100% inhibitory activity against rape and amaranth pigweed at a dose of 1.5 kg/ha. Introduction of substituent with higher polarity such as sulfinyl or sulfonyl to the 5-position of 1,3,4-thiadiazole decreased herbicidal activities.

Endoscopic management of refractory gastrointestinal non-variceal bleeding using Histoacryl(N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate)glue

Background:Histoacryl glue(N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate)has well-established utility in the endoscopic management of gastrointestinal variceal bleeding.The role of Histoacryl glue in non-variceal bleeding is less clear,and there are few articles describing its use in this setting.Methods:Six patients with intractable non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding were managed using injection of Histoacryl glue.All patients had previously failed conventional endostasis and/or interventional angioembolization and were not suitable for emergency salvage surgery due to serious comorbidities or unacceptable anaesthetic risk.An endoscopic Lipiodol-Histoacryl-Lipiodol sandwich injection technique was used in these patients.The clinical outcomes and complications were evaluated.Results:There were four females and two males with a mean age of 55 years.Bleeding lesions included gastric ulcers(n=2),duodenal ulcers(n=2),duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)(n=1)and rectal ulcers(n=1).All patients had successful Histoacryl endostasis without the requirement for salvage surgery.There was no treatment-related morbidity and no mortality.Two patients had further bleeding after initial Histoacryl endostasis,which was successfully controlled with further endoscopic Histoacryl injection.Conclusion:Histoacryl endostasis should be included in the treatment algorithm for refractory non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding.