Regeneration of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used for carbon dioxide absorption

To improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide cycling process and to reduce the regeneration energy consumption, a sterically hindered amine of 2-amino-2-methyl-1- propranol （AMP） was investigated to determine its regeneration behavior as a CO2 absorbent. The CO2 absorption and amine regeneration characteristics were experimentally examined under various operating conditions. The regeneration efficiency increased from 86.2% to 98.3% during the temperature range of 358 to 403 K. The most suitable regeneration temperature for AMP was 383 K, in this experiment condition, and the regeneration efficiency of absorption/regeneration runs descended from 98.3% to 94.0%. A number of heat-stable salts （HSS） could cause a reduction in CO2 absorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. The results indicated that aqueous AMP was easier to regenerate with less loss of absorption capacity than other amines, such as, monoethanolamine （MEA）, diethanolamine （DEA）, diethylenetriamine （DETA）, and N-methyldiethanolamine （MDEA）.

Correlation and Prediction of Salt Effect on Vapor Liquid Equilibrium for the System of 2-Propanol/Water

Binary vapor liquid equilibrium （VLE） data were measured for the systems of 2-propanol/ ethanediol and ethanediol/potassium acetate （KAc）. VLE data for the system of propanol/ethanediol was tested using thermodynamic consistency test. The average values of Ayj and A P were 0.0776 and 0.1542 kPa, respectively. The above two sets of VLE data were correlated with the NRTL model. Ternary VLE data for the system of 2-propanol/water/KAc was used to obtain the more suitable parameters of NRTL model for binary systems of 2-propanol/KAc and water/KAc （called TDCM）. For multicomponent systems, ternary and quaternary, the VLE values predicted by the NRTL model agreed well with the literature data. Influence of KAc, ethanediol, and the mixture of KAc and ethanediol on volatility between 2- propanol and water was investigated respectively. The results showed that the above-mentioned materials and mixture had different influence on volatility between 2-propanol and water. The method for correlation and prediction of salt-containing VLE is simple and effective for the said system.

Study on Excess Thermodynamic Parameters and Theoretical Estimation of Ultrasonic Velocity Using Scaled Particle Theory in Binary Liquid Mixtures of 2-Methyl-2-propanol and Nitriles at Different Temperatures

Density, ρ, ultrasonic speed, u, and viscosity, η, of binary mixtures of 2-methyl-2-propanol (2M2P) with acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile (PN) and butyronitrile (BN) including those of pure liquids are measured over the entire composition range at temperatures 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. From these experimental data, the excess available volume, E a V , excess free volume, E f V , excess isothermal compressibility, E T β , excess thermal expansion coefficient, E α , and excess internal pressure, E i π , are calculated. The variation of these properties with composition and temperature are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between unlike molecules of the mixtures. It is found that the values of E a V , E f V , E T β and E α are positive and those of E i π are negative for all the mixtures at each temperature studied, indicating the presence of weak interactions between 2M2P and AN/PN/BN molecules. The variations of E a V , E f V , E T β , E α and E i π values with composition indicate that the interactions in these mixtures follow the order: AN<PN<BN, i.e., the 2M2P-nitrile interaction decreases with the increase of alkyl chain length in these nitrile molecules. In addition, the theoretical ultrasonic velocity is calculated using the scaled particle theory and compared with the experimental values.

Application of Bronsted acid ionic liquids as green catalyst in the synthesis of 2-propanol with reactive distillation

Five Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids(ILs) were prepared and characterized by FT-IR,~1H NMR and ^(13)C NMR. Their catalytic activities for the synthesis of 2-propanol(IPOH) via transesterification of isopropyl acetate(IPAc) with methanol(Me OH) were investigated. Among all the tested ILs, [Ps-mim]HSO_4 performed best and was used as catalyst for further studies. The reaction kinetics were carried out to correlate the parameters in a homogeneous second order kinetic model. It has been found that there is close agreement between the calculated and experimental values. The high-pressure batch reactive distillation experimental apparatus was set up in order to enhance the conversion of IPAc. A high conversion of IPAc of 99.4% was obtained under the optimal reaction conditions. The catalyst [Ps-mim]HSO_4 can be recycled easily by a rotary evaporator and reused without any further treatment. The catalyst had been repeatedly used for four times and no obvious changes in the structure of catalyst could be observed.

Highly efficient synthesis of 1-methoxy-2-propanol using ionic liquid catalysts in a micro-tubular circulating reactor

The catalysis of ionic liquids (ILs) in the traditional stirred reactor suffers from insufficient mass and heat transfer, which always needs a long reaction time and results in a low reaction rate. In this work, highly efficient synthesis of 1-methoxy-2-propanol via the alcoholysis reaction of propylene oxide (PO) with methanol was proposed and achieved by the combination of micro-tubular circulating reactor with the IL [N4444] [Buty] catalyst. Compared with the stirred reactor, the rate of alcoholysis reaction in a micro-tubular circulating reactor was found to be significantly improved. The reaction time was remarkably shortened to 20 min from 180 min as well as the yield of 1-methoxy-2-propanol reached 92%. Moreover, the kinetic study further demonstrated that the main reaction rate to 1-methoxy-2-propanol (K1) was about 20 times larger than the side reaction rate to byproduct 2-methoxy-1-propanol (K2) in the temperature range of 363–383 K. Such combination of micro-tubular circulating reactor with IL catalysts is believed to be a class of effective process intensification technique for highly efficient synthesis of 1-methoxy-2-propanol.

Study of 2-Propanol Photocatalytic Degradation on Surface of Phase-Ratio-Controlled TiO_2 Nanoparticles

The crystal form of TiO_2 is a crucial focus of research on the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants by TiO_2-based composite photocatalysts. To explore the synergistic effect of mixed crystalline TiO_2 on gaseous organic-pollutant photocatalytic degradation, we synthesized a series of TiO_2 nanoparticles with controllable phase ratios. We explored the role of the TiO_2 phase ratio on the photocatalytic activity and degradation pathway in the photodegradation of 2-propanol(IPA). We estimated the crystallite size and crystal proportions of anatase and rutile by X-ray diffraction. We used the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method to calculate the specific surface area and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize the surface chemistry of the samples. Our results show the photocatalytic activities of pure anatase and the sample with 8.6% rutile to be much better than those of the samples with a phase junction and pure rutile. As such, anatase is the better option for the study of photodegradation design and preparation of gas-phase organic pollutants.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Trans-4-[(5-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyleneamino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one

The title compound trans-4-[（5-（2,4-dichlorophenoxy）-3-methyl- 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl）methyleneamino]- 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one 3 （C28H23Cl2N5O2, Mr = 532.41） has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1- with a = 8.9438（4）, b = 11.6065（5）, c = 14.2215（6）A, α = 112.566（1）, β = 92.324（2）, γ = 102.91（1）°, V= 1315.65（10） A^3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.344 g/cm^3,μ（MoKa） = 0.282 mm^-1, λ = 0.71073 A, F（000） = 552, the final R = 0.0587 and wR = 0.1578 for 5071 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. X-ray analysis reveals that the product is a thermodynamically stable trans isomer. Intra- and intermolecular C（ 12）-H（12）…O（1） and C（28）-H（28）...O（1）# 1 hydrogen bonds were observed in the title compound.

Investigation of liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary system(water +1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol or 3-methyl-1-butanol) at different temperatures

In this study, the LLE data of ternary system(water + 1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol) and(water +1,6-diaminohexane + 3-methyl-1-butanol) were measured at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Reliability of the experimental tie-line data was checked by empirical Hand, Othmer-Tobias and Bachman equations. Distribution coefficient(D) and selectivity(S) were calculated in order to investigate capability of the studied organic solvents for 1,6-diaminohexane extraction. The high values of separation factors demonstrated that 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were applicable for this purpose. The experimental data were correlated by nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical(UNIQUAC) models.The percent-root-mean-square deviation(RMSD) values for NRTL and UNIQUAC models were less than 0.15,which indicated that the experimental data have been sufficiently correlated.

Synthesis of 1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-Phenyl-1,3-Propanedione and Luminescence Properties of Its Europium Complexes

Using 2＇-Hydroxyacetophenone and as the raw material, 1-（ 2-Hydroxyphenyl ）-3-Phenyl-1, 3- Propanedione （HPPPD） was synthesized by esterification reaction and Fries rearrangement reaction. And the complexes of HPPPD with europium were also synthesized. The compounds were characterized by IR, thermo-gravimetric analysis and ^1H-NMR. The effects of phenolic hydroxyl on the luminescence properties of complexes were studied. The results show that the complexes emit strong red fluorescence and the fluorescence intensity of the ternary complex is better than that of the duality. But the complexes of HPPPD with Sm（ Ⅲ ）, Tb （ Ⅲ ）, Dy （ Ⅲ ） emit weak fluorescence. The phenomenon was interpreted by electron-effect and energy-matching mechanism. Energy transfer mechanism of the luminescence in the complex was discussed.

Highly reinforce the interface stability using 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate electrolyte additive to enhance the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries

This work develops 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate(PHIS)as a multi-functional electrolyte additive for H2O/HF scavenging and film formation to improve the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries.After 450 cycles at room temperature(25℃),the discharge capacity retentions of batteries with blank and PHIS-containing electrolyte are 56.03%and 94.92%respectively.After 230 cycles at high temperatures(45℃),their values are 75.30%and 88.38%respectively.The enhanced electrochemical performance of the batteries with PHIS-containing electrolyte is supported by the spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations.It is demonstrated that this PHIS electrolyte additive can facilitate the construction of the electrode interface films,remove the H2O/HF in the electrolyte,and improve the electrochemical performance of the batteries.This work not only develops a sulfonate-based electrolyte but also can stimulate new ideas of functional additives to improve the battery performance.

Stability and Refolding of Prophenol Oxidase Protein with 2-Propanol in Drosophila melanogaster

Phenol oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster occurs as folded phase precursors designated as prophenol oxidase A1 and A3, and prophenol oxidase is activated with alcohol, especially 2-propanol, within a few minutes as unfolded-phase in vitro. To clarify a common effect of alcohols on proteins and peptides, the extract containing prophenol oxidase protein was prepared. Phenol oxidase activity activated with 2-propanol has been maintained stable at least 24 hours remains as it is. Protein of prophenol oxidase was not denatured opposite hypnoses known as the instability of protein with alcohol. Activated prophenol oxidase with 2-propanol remain enzyme activity with no aggregation, stable, renaturation, and the refolding phenomena occurred around the active phase within the catalytic active center of prophenol oxidase protein in Drosophila melanogaster. This study is important to induce the wide range applications of the effect in many fields for rational drag design.

THE SYNTHESES OF 1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2-SUBSTITUTED-PHENYL-2-PROPYL-3-^(14)C P- TOLUENESULFONATES

1,1,1,-Trifluoro-2- substituted- phenyl- 2- propanols- 3- 14C were prepared from addition of methyl- 14C magnesium iodide to appropriate trifluoroacetophenone. These alcohols were converted into tosylatcs by reaction with n-butyllithium and then with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. The yield, boiling point or melting point and pertinent spectral data of these compounds are reported.

Acetone Formation from Photolysis of 2-Propanol on Anatase-TiO2（101）

Photocatalysis of 2-propanol on A-TiO2（101） has been investigated using a temperature programed desorption method with 266 nm laser light. A clear mechanism is proposed for photodissociation of 2-propanol on A-TiO2（101）. Acetone product on five coordinate Ti4＋ sites is formed in a stepwise manner in which the O-H dissociation proceeds first and then followed by secondary C-H dissociation of 2-propanol while H atoms are transferred to the adjacent bridge bond oxygen （BBO） sites. Low temperature water is formed in a thermally driven process via H-atom on BBO in exchange with isopropyl groups of molecule 2-propanol, while isopropyl radical desorbs at high temperature during the TPD process. The observation demonstrates the prospect of TiO2 as a photocatalyst for degradation of organics.

Catalytic Oxidative Conversion from Naphthol to 2-Hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone over Iron Porphyrin Catalysts by Molecular Oxygen in an Alkaline 2-Propanol Solution

In an alkaline 2-propanol solution with 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-methoxyl phenyl) porphyrin iron chloride(TOMPPFeCl) as a catalyst and oxygen as a cheap green oxidant, 2-naphthol was conversed to 2-hydroxy-\{1,4-naphthoquinone(HNQ)\} with a yield of 62.17% and a selectivity of 100%, and the conversion number of TMOPPFeCl catalyst was 8.32/min. The catalytic oxidation products were characterized by means of UV-Vis, IR, GC-MS, ~ 1H NMR and melting point determination. In this catalytic oxidation, the catalytic activity of TMOPPFeCl was researched in detail and the reacting conditions were optimized. A possible reaction mechanism is summarized based on in situ EPR determination.

Measurement and Modeling of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary System Water+2-Propanol+1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride

Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE)data for water+2-propanol+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([bmim]Cl)were measured.Six sets of complete T,x,y data are reported,in which the 2-propanol mole fraction on IL-free basis is fixed separately at 0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,and approximate 0.98,while the IL mass fraction is varied from 0.1 to 0.8,in an interval of 0.1.The non-random-two-liquid(NRTL)and electrolyte non-random-two-liquid(eNRTL)equations are used to correlate the experimental data with satisfactory results.The ternary VLE behavior is also modeled with the parameters obtained by correlating two data sets,in which the mole fraction of 2-propanol on IL-free basis is approximately 0.1 and 0.98.In this way,the six sets of data are reproduced satisfactorily.With the eNRTL model,the root-mean-square deviation for temperature is 0.82 K and that for vapor-phase mole fraction is 0.0078.The influences of IL on activity coefficients and relative volatility of the volatile components are also graphically illustrated.

Study on Salt-Containing Extractive Distillation for the 2-Propanol/Water System

The salt-containing extractive distillation column and the salt-containing agent recovery column for the 2-propanol/water/ethanediol/KAc system were simulated by the NRTL model and the modified Rose Relaxation method. The simulation results showed that prediction of the salt effect in vapor-liquid equilibrium and the correlation method （TDCM） of NRTL parameters were suitable for the said system. Four different distillation technology processes were investigated; the results showed that the salt-containing extractive distillation process was the best one. The simulating design of the extractive distillation column was performed under the conditions of different total stage number, feeding location, reflux ratio, amount of mixed agent and concentration of KAc. The results showed that such factors as 17 stages, a feeding location at the 9th stage, a reflux ratio of 1.2, and a mixed agent feeding rate of 1.141 kmol/h, might be the best suited operating conditions. The simulating design was also done for the column for recovering the salt-containing agent. The simulation method of the salt-containing extractive distillation is simple and effective in this work.

Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Racemic 2-Phenyl-1,1-cyclopropanedicarbonitrile and its Analogues on Chiral Stationary Phase

Excellent resolution of racemic 2-phenyl-1,1-cyclopropanedicarbonitrile and its nine analogues was accomplished using 100-5CH1-TBB chiral stationary phase under normal-phase HPLC conditions. The influence of mobile phase and the optimum conditions for the resolution of optically active enantiomers were investigated.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-p-Methyloxyphenyl- 3a-(2-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4- oxa-diazolo[4,5-d][1,5] Benzothiazepine

The title compound2-p-methyloxyphenyl-3a-（2-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl）-3,4- dihydro-1,2,4-oxa-diazolo[4,5-d][1,5] benzothiazepine （C31H25N5O2S, Mr = 531.63） has been synthesized and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to triclinic, space group P1^- with a = 10.888（2）, b = 15.115（3）, c = 16.702（3）A, α = 99.90（3）, β = 95.21（3）, γ = 100.41（3）°, V = 2642.1（9） nm^3, Dc = 1.336 g/cm^3, Z = 4, F（000） = 1112, μ = 0.162 mm^-1 ,λ（MoKα） = 0.071073 nm, R = 0.0357 and wR = 0.1126 for 10620 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray analysis reveals that the molecular backbone consists of a tricyclic system with the central seven- membered ring in a twisted boat-like conformation.

Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-10-substituted Hymenialdisine Derivatives

A series of novel 2-phenyl-10-substituted hymenialdisine derivatives was synthesized via the micro-wave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of the 2-phenyl derivative of hymenialdisine and boronic acid, which enabled the successful introduction of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups to the 2-phenyl- hymenialdisine derivatives in good yields.